Coronaviruses
Identifieur interne : 002C02 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002C01; suivant : 002C03Coronaviruses
Auteurs :Source :
- Viral Infections of Humans ; 2014.
Abstract
Coronaviruses of humans were first identified more than 60 years ago from individuals with respiratory infections, mainly mild. Two different viruses, 229E and OC43 were initially recognized. Because of difficulty in isolating them using standard techniques, many of the early studies of their occurrence were seroepidemiologic. They were confirmed to be worldwide in distribution, and, in the North Temperate Zone, mainly occurring in the winter season. With the development of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, two additional distinct viruses have been identified, HKU1 and NL63. The four viruses have now been recognized as important in the etiology of common respiratory infections, second only to the rhinoviruses.
In 2002, a previously unrecognized betacoronavirus emerged from a zoonotic reservoir in Southern China and spread during the following year to several major cities of the world. The resulting illness was termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) because of its potential lethality. More than 8,000 probable cases were reported during 2003, mainly from Hong Kong and mainland China, producing social and economic disruption in those areas affected. A constant feature of the outbreak was the importance of nosocomial spread. In spite of an estimated basic reproductive number higher than influenza, the outbreak was ended, in large part because of control of in-hospital transmission. In 2012, another betacoronavirus has emerged in the Arabian peninsula which is producing a somewhat similar illness, termed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), also marked by extensive nosocomial transmission. The outcome of this emergence is currently unknown.
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_10
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 7122465
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PMC:7122465Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Coronaviruses of humans were first identified more than 60 years ago from individuals with respiratory infections, mainly mild. Two different viruses, 229E and OC43 were initially recognized. Because of difficulty in isolating them using standard techniques, many of the early studies of their occurrence were seroepidemiologic. They were confirmed to be worldwide in distribution, and, in the North Temperate Zone, mainly occurring in the winter season. With the development of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, two additional distinct viruses have been identified, HKU1 and NL63. The four viruses have now been recognized as important in the etiology of common respiratory infections, second only to the rhinoviruses.</p>
<p>In 2002, a previously unrecognized betacoronavirus emerged from a zoonotic reservoir in Southern China and spread during the following year to several major cities of the world. The resulting illness was termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) because of its potential lethality. More than 8,000 probable cases were reported during 2003, mainly from Hong Kong and mainland China, producing social and economic disruption in those areas affected. A constant feature of the outbreak was the importance of nosocomial spread. In spite of an estimated basic reproductive number higher than influenza, the outbreak was ended, in large part because of control of in-hospital transmission. In 2012, another betacoronavirus has emerged in the Arabian peninsula which is producing a somewhat similar illness, termed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), also marked by extensive nosocomial transmission. The outcome of this emergence is currently unknown.</p>
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<pmc article-type="chapter-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">978-1-4899-7448-8</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Viral Infections of Humans</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Viral Infections of Humans</journal-title>
<journal-subtitle>Epidemiology and Control</journal-subtitle>
</journal-title-group>
<isbn publication-format="print">978-1-4899-7447-1</isbn>
<isbn publication-format="electronic">978-1-4899-7448-8</isbn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7122465</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/978-1-4899-7448-8_10</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Coronaviruses</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group content-type="book editors"><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Kaslow</surname>
<given-names>Richard A.</given-names>
</name>
<address><phone>+1205975-8698</phone>
<fax>+1205934-8665</fax>
<email>Rkaslow@ms.soph.uab.edu</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Stanberry</surname>
<given-names>Lawrence R.</given-names>
</name>
<address><phone>+1212-305-2934</phone>
<email>lrs2155@columbia.edu</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Le Duc</surname>
<given-names>James W.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>jwleduc@utmb.edu</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.265892.2</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000106344187</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Epidemiology,</institution>
<institution>University of Alabama, Birmingham School of Public Health,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Birmingham, Alabama USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.21729.3f</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000419368729</institution-id>
<institution>Departmant of Pediatrics,</institution>
<institution>Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
New York, New York USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.176731.5</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000115479964</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Microbiology and Immunology,</institution>
<institution>University of Texas Medical Branch,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Galveston, Texas USA</aff>
</contrib-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Monto</surname>
<given-names>Arnold S.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<address><email>asmonto@umich.edu</email>
</address>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cowling</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD, FFPH</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peiris</surname>
<given-names>J. S. Malik</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DPhil</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff6">6</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.214458.e</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000086837370</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Epidemiology,</institution>
<institution>School of Public Health, University of Michigan,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029 USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.194645.b</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121742757</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,</institution>
<institution>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR</aff>
<aff id="Aff6"><label>6</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.194645.b</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000000121742757</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Public Health Laboratory Sciences,</institution>
<institution>School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<fpage>199</fpage>
<lpage>223</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014</copyright-statement>
<license><license-p>This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p>Coronaviruses of humans were first identified more than 60 years ago from individuals with respiratory infections, mainly mild. Two different viruses, 229E and OC43 were initially recognized. Because of difficulty in isolating them using standard techniques, many of the early studies of their occurrence were seroepidemiologic. They were confirmed to be worldwide in distribution, and, in the North Temperate Zone, mainly occurring in the winter season. With the development of the reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, two additional distinct viruses have been identified, HKU1 and NL63. The four viruses have now been recognized as important in the etiology of common respiratory infections, second only to the rhinoviruses.</p>
<p>In 2002, a previously unrecognized betacoronavirus emerged from a zoonotic reservoir in Southern China and spread during the following year to several major cities of the world. The resulting illness was termed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) because of its potential lethality. More than 8,000 probable cases were reported during 2003, mainly from Hong Kong and mainland China, producing social and economic disruption in those areas affected. A constant feature of the outbreak was the importance of nosocomial spread. In spite of an estimated basic reproductive number higher than influenza, the outbreak was ended, in large part because of control of in-hospital transmission. In 2012, another betacoronavirus has emerged in the Arabian peninsula which is producing a somewhat similar illness, termed Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), also marked by extensive nosocomial transmission. The outcome of this emergence is currently unknown.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Osteoporosis</kwd>
<kwd>Corticosteroid</kwd>
<kwd>Pneumonia</kwd>
<kwd>Influenza</kwd>
<kwd>Diarrhea</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree></tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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