Airflow as a Possible Transmission Route of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome at an Initial Outbreak Hospital in Korea
Identifieur interne : 002048 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 002047; suivant : 002049Airflow as a Possible Transmission Route of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome at an Initial Outbreak Hospital in Korea
Auteurs : Minki Sung ; Seongmin Jo ; Sang-Eun Lee ; Moran Ki ; Bo Youl Choi ; Jinkwan Hong [Corée du Sud]Source :
- International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health [ 1661-7827 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, République de Corée.
- Flambées de maladies, Humains, Hôpitaux, Vent, Ventilation.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic , epidemiology : Republic of Korea.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections.
- transmission : Coronavirus Infections.
- Disease Outbreaks, Hospitals, Humans, Ventilation, Wind.
Abstract
In this study, the results of an airflow investigation conducted on 7 June 2015 as part of a series of epidemiologic investigations at Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital, South Korea, were investigated. The study involved 38 individuals who were infected directly and indirectly with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), by a super-spreader patient. Tracer gas experiments conducted on the eighth floor, where the initial patient was hospitalized, confirmed that the tracer gas spread to adjacent patient rooms and rooms across corridors. In particular, the experiment with an external wind direction and speed similar to those during the hospitalization of the initial patient revealed that the air change rate was 17–20 air changes per hour (ACH), with air introduced through the window in the room of the infected patient (room 8104). The tracer gas concentration of room 8110, which was the farthest room, was 7.56% of room 8104, indicating that a high concentration of gas has spread from room 8104 to rooms across the corridor. In contrast, the tracer gas was barely detected in a maternity ward to the south of room 8104, where there was no secondary infected patient. Moreover, MERS is known to spread mainly by droplets through close contact, but long-distance dispersion is probable in certain environments, such as that of a super-spreader patient hospitalized in a room without ventilation, hospitals with a central corridor type, and indoor airflow dispersion due to external wind.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15122757
PubMed: 30563206
PubMed Central: 6313554
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PMC:6313554Le document en format XML
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<term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Hospitals</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Republic of Korea (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Ventilation</term>
<term>Wind</term>
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<term>Hôpitaux</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (transmission)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>République de Corée (épidémiologie)</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
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<term>République de Corée</term>
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<term>Hospitals</term>
<term>Humans</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In this study, the results of an airflow investigation conducted on 7 June 2015 as part of a series of epidemiologic investigations at Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital, South Korea, were investigated. The study involved 38 individuals who were infected directly and indirectly with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), by a super-spreader patient. Tracer gas experiments conducted on the eighth floor, where the initial patient was hospitalized, confirmed that the tracer gas spread to adjacent patient rooms and rooms across corridors. In particular, the experiment with an external wind direction and speed similar to those during the hospitalization of the initial patient revealed that the air change rate was 17–20 air changes per hour (ACH), with air introduced through the window in the room of the infected patient (room 8104). The tracer gas concentration of room 8110, which was the farthest room, was 7.56% of room 8104, indicating that a high concentration of gas has spread from room 8104 to rooms across the corridor. In contrast, the tracer gas was barely detected in a maternity ward to the south of room 8104, where there was no secondary infected patient. Moreover, MERS is known to spread mainly by droplets through close contact, but long-distance dispersion is probable in certain environments, such as that of a super-spreader patient hospitalized in a room without ventilation, hospitals with a central corridor type, and indoor airflow dispersion due to external wind.</p>
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<double pmid="30563206"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Airflow as a Possible Transmission Route of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome at an Initial Outbreak Hospital in Korea</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sung, Minki" sort="Sung, Minki" uniqKey="Sung M" first="Minki" last="Sung">Minki Sung</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea;<email>mksung@sejong.ac.kr</email>
(M.S.);<email>joseongmin01@naver.com</email>
(S.J.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jo, Seongmin" sort="Jo, Seongmin" uniqKey="Jo S" first="Seongmin" last="Jo">Seongmin Jo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea;<email>mksung@sejong.ac.kr</email>
(M.S.);<email>joseongmin01@naver.com</email>
(S.J.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sang Eun" sort="Lee, Sang Eun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sang-Eun" last="Lee">Sang-Eun Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-15-02757">Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Korea;<email>ondalgl@korea.kr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ki, Moran" sort="Ki, Moran" uniqKey="Ki M" first="Moran" last="Ki">Moran Ki</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;<email>moranki@ncc.re.kr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Bo Youl" sort="Choi, Bo Youl" uniqKey="Choi B" first="Bo Youl" last="Choi">Bo Youl Choi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul 04763, Korea;<email>bychoi@hanyang.ac.kr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hong, Jinkwan" sort="Hong, Jinkwan" uniqKey="Hong J" first="Jinkwan" last="Hong">Jinkwan Hong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijerph-15-02757">Department of HVAC & Firefighting Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of HVAC & Firefighting Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Seongnam 13120</wicri:noRegion>
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<idno type="pmid">30563206</idno>
<idno type="pmc">6313554</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6313554</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:6313554</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3390/ijerph15122757</idno>
<date when="2018">2018</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000D39</idno>
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<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D39</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000D39</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000642</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000642</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Airflow as a Possible Transmission Route of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome at an Initial Outbreak Hospital in Korea</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sung, Minki" sort="Sung, Minki" uniqKey="Sung M" first="Minki" last="Sung">Minki Sung</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea;<email>mksung@sejong.ac.kr</email>
(M.S.);<email>joseongmin01@naver.com</email>
(S.J.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jo, Seongmin" sort="Jo, Seongmin" uniqKey="Jo S" first="Seongmin" last="Jo">Seongmin Jo</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea;<email>mksung@sejong.ac.kr</email>
(M.S.);<email>joseongmin01@naver.com</email>
(S.J.)</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sang Eun" sort="Lee, Sang Eun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sang-Eun" last="Lee">Sang-Eun Lee</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-ijerph-15-02757">Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Korea;<email>ondalgl@korea.kr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ki, Moran" sort="Ki, Moran" uniqKey="Ki M" first="Moran" last="Ki">Moran Ki</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;<email>moranki@ncc.re.kr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Bo Youl" sort="Choi, Bo Youl" uniqKey="Choi B" first="Bo Youl" last="Choi">Bo Youl Choi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-ijerph-15-02757">Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul 04763, Korea;<email>bychoi@hanyang.ac.kr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hong, Jinkwan" sort="Hong, Jinkwan" uniqKey="Hong J" first="Jinkwan" last="Hong">Jinkwan Hong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ijerph-15-02757">Department of HVAC & Firefighting Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of HVAC & Firefighting Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Seongnam 13120</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1661-7827</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018">2018</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>In this study, the results of an airflow investigation conducted on 7 June 2015 as part of a series of epidemiologic investigations at Pyeongtaek St. Mary’s Hospital, South Korea, were investigated. The study involved 38 individuals who were infected directly and indirectly with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), by a super-spreader patient. Tracer gas experiments conducted on the eighth floor, where the initial patient was hospitalized, confirmed that the tracer gas spread to adjacent patient rooms and rooms across corridors. In particular, the experiment with an external wind direction and speed similar to those during the hospitalization of the initial patient revealed that the air change rate was 17–20 air changes per hour (ACH), with air introduced through the window in the room of the infected patient (room 8104). The tracer gas concentration of room 8110, which was the farthest room, was 7.56% of room 8104, indicating that a high concentration of gas has spread from room 8104 to rooms across the corridor. In contrast, the tracer gas was barely detected in a maternity ward to the south of room 8104, where there was no secondary infected patient. Moreover, MERS is known to spread mainly by droplets through close contact, but long-distance dispersion is probable in certain environments, such as that of a super-spreader patient hospitalized in a room without ventilation, hospitals with a central corridor type, and indoor airflow dispersion due to external wind.</p>
</div>
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<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Airflow as a Possible Transmission Route of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome at an Initial Outbreak Hospital in Korea.</title>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea. mksung@sejong.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jo, Seongmin" sort="Jo, Seongmin" uniqKey="Jo S" first="Seongmin" last="Jo">Seongmin Jo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea. joseongmin01@naver.com.</nlm:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sang Eun" sort="Lee, Sang Eun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sang-Eun" last="Lee">Sang-Eun Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Korea. ondalgl@korea.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ki, Moran" sort="Ki, Moran" uniqKey="Ki M" first="Moran" last="Ki">Moran Ki</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Bo Youl" sort="Choi, Bo Youl" uniqKey="Choi B" first="Bo Youl" last="Choi">Bo Youl Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul 04763, Korea. bychoi@hanyang.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul 04763</wicri:regionArea>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Airflow as a Possible Transmission Route of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome at an Initial Outbreak Hospital in Korea.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sung, Minki" sort="Sung, Minki" uniqKey="Sung M" first="Minki" last="Sung">Minki Sung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea. mksung@sejong.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jo, Seongmin" sort="Jo, Seongmin" uniqKey="Jo S" first="Seongmin" last="Jo">Seongmin Jo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006, Korea. joseongmin01@naver.com.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Architectural Engineering, Sejong University, 209, Seoul 05006</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sang Eun" sort="Lee, Sang Eun" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sang-Eun" last="Lee">Sang-Eun Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159, Korea. ondalgl@korea.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju 28159</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Cheongju 28159</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ki, Moran" sort="Ki, Moran" uniqKey="Ki M" first="Moran" last="Ki">Moran Ki</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea. moranki@ncc.re.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Control and Population Health, Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Goyang 10408</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Bo Youl" sort="Choi, Bo Youl" uniqKey="Choi B" first="Bo Youl" last="Choi">Bo Youl Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul 04763, Korea. bychoi@hanyang.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanyang University Medical College, Seoul 04763</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hong, Jinkwan" sort="Hong, Jinkwan" uniqKey="Hong J" first="Jinkwan" last="Hong">Jinkwan Hong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of HVAC & Firefighting Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea. jkhong@gachon.ac.kr.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of HVAC & Firefighting Engineering, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Seongnam 13120</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">International journal of environmental research and public health</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1660-4601</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (transmission)</term>
<term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Hospitals</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Republic of Korea (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Ventilation</term>
<term>Wind</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Flambées de maladies</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Hôpitaux</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (transmission)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>République de Corée (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Vent</term>
<term>Ventilation</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Republic of Korea</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>République de Corée</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Outbreaks</term>
<term>Hospitals</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Ventilation</term>
<term>Wind</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Flambées de maladies</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Hôpitaux</term>
<term>Vent</term>
<term>Ventilation</term>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In this study, the results of an airflow investigation conducted on 7 June 2015 as part of a series of epidemiologic investigations at Pyeongtaek St. Mary's Hospital, South Korea, were investigated. The study involved 38 individuals who were infected directly and indirectly with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS), by a super-spreader patient. Tracer gas experiments conducted on the eighth floor, where the initial patient was hospitalized, confirmed that the tracer gas spread to adjacent patient rooms and rooms across corridors. In particular, the experiment with an external wind direction and speed similar to those during the hospitalization of the initial patient revealed that the air change rate was 17⁻20 air changes per hour (ACH), with air introduced through the window in the room of the infected patient (room 8104). The tracer gas concentration of room 8110, which was the farthest room, was 7.56% of room 8104, indicating that a high concentration of gas has spread from room 8104 to rooms across the corridor. In contrast, the tracer gas was barely detected in a maternity ward to the south of room 8104, where there was no secondary infected patient. Moreover, MERS is known to spread mainly by droplets through close contact, but long-distance dispersion is probable in certain environments, such as that of a super-spreader patient hospitalized in a room without ventilation, hospitals with a central corridor type, and indoor airflow dispersion due to external wind.</div>
</front>
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