Effect of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine on orthostatic tolerance.
Identifieur interne : 004A00 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 004999; suivant : 004A01Effect of the alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist yohimbine on orthostatic tolerance.
Auteurs : S. Farrow [États-Unis] ; A. Mers ; G. Banta ; S. Steigerwalt ; W. LocketteSource :
- Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) [ 0194-911X ] ; 1990.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Antagonistes alpha-adrénergiques (pharmacologie), Avant-bras (), Débit sanguin régional, Dépression de la partie inférieure du corps, Femelle, Gravitation, Humains, Hypotension orthostatique (physiopathologie), Mâle, Norépinéphrine (sang), Pression sanguine (), Repos, Récepteurs alpha-adrénergiques (métabolisme), Système cardiovasculaire (physiopathologie), Yohimbine (pharmacologie).
- MESH :
- métabolisme : Récepteurs alpha-adrénergiques.
- pharmacologie : Antagonistes alpha-adrénergiques, Yohimbine.
- physiopathologie : Hypotension orthostatique, Système cardiovasculaire.
- sang : Norépinéphrine.
- Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Avant-bras, Débit sanguin régional, Dépression de la partie inférieure du corps, Femelle, Gravitation, Humains, Mâle, Pression sanguine, Repos.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists (pharmacology), Adult, Blood Pressure (drug effects), Cardiovascular System (physiopathology), Female, Forearm (blood supply), Gravitation, Humans, Hypotension, Orthostatic (physiopathology), Lower Body Negative Pressure, Male, Middle Aged, Norepinephrine (blood), Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha (metabolism), Regional Blood Flow, Rest, Yohimbine (pharmacology).
- MESH :
- chemical , blood : Norepinephrine.
- chemical , metabolism : Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha.
- chemical , pharmacology : Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists, Yohimbine.
- blood supply : Forearm.
- drug effects : Blood Pressure.
- physiopathology : Cardiovascular System, Hypotension, Orthostatic.
- Adult, Female, Gravitation, Humans, Lower Body Negative Pressure, Male, Middle Aged, Regional Blood Flow, Rest.
Abstract
We studied the effect of yohimbine, a drug that inhibits presynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and increases the neuronal release of norepinephrine from the central and sympathetic nervous systems, on tolerance to cardiovascular stress in 10 untrained, healthy subjects. Using radioligand binding of tritiated yohimbine to platelets, these subjects were found to have a normal complement of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors (174 +/- 18 [+/- SEM] receptors/platelet) with normal Kd (1.93 +/- 0.17 nmol/l). Lower body negative pressure was used to test responses to cardiovascular stress in the subjects after they received either placebo or 20 mg yohimbine. Graded lower body negative pressure from 0 to -40 mm Hg significantly decreased systolic blood pressure from 116 +/- 3.7 to 106 +/- 5.8 mm Hg, increased heart rate from 54 +/- 3 to 68 +/- 7 beats/min, decreased forearm blood flow from 1.8 +/- 0.21 to 1.36 +/- 0.25 ml/100 ml/min, and increased forearm vascular resistance from 55.76 +/- 12.1 to 77.26 +/- 15.8 mm Hg/ml/min. Yohimbine increased the blood pressure at rest and during lower body negative pressure, but these changes were not significantly different from values recorded from the individuals when they were given placebo. Compared with placebo, however, yohimbine significantly increased forearm blood flow at rest (1.80 +/- 0.21 vs. 2.66 +/- 0.31 ml/100 ml/min, p less than 0.05) and during -40 mm Hg of lower body negative pressure (1.36 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.91 +/- 0.28 ml/100 ml/min, p less than 0.05). We also found that yohimbine significantly increased the plasma insulin concentration in these fasted subjects (9.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 14.5 +/- 1.4 ng/ml, p less than 0.05) without inducing hypoglycemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.15.6.877
PubMed: 1972139
Affiliations:
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Farrow</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Michigan</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Medicine, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mers, A" sort="Mers, A" uniqKey="Mers A" first="A" last="Mers">A. Mers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Banta, G" sort="Banta, G" uniqKey="Banta G" first="G" last="Banta">G. Banta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Steigerwalt, S" sort="Steigerwalt, S" uniqKey="Steigerwalt S" first="S" last="Steigerwalt">S. Steigerwalt</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lockette, W" sort="Lockette, W" uniqKey="Lockette W" first="W" last="Lockette">W. Lockette</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979)</title><idno type="ISSN">0194-911X</idno><imprint><date when="1990" type="published">1990</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists (pharmacology)</term><term>Adult</term><term>Blood Pressure (drug effects)</term><term>Cardiovascular System (physiopathology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Forearm (blood supply)</term><term>Gravitation</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hypotension, Orthostatic (physiopathology)</term><term>Lower Body Negative Pressure</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Norepinephrine (blood)</term><term>Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha (metabolism)</term><term>Regional Blood Flow</term><term>Rest</term><term>Yohimbine (pharmacology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Antagonistes alpha-adrénergiques (pharmacologie)</term><term>Avant-bras ()</term><term>Débit sanguin régional</term><term>Dépression de la partie inférieure du corps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Gravitation</term><term>Humains</term><term>Hypotension orthostatique (physiopathologie)</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Norépinéphrine (sang)</term><term>Pression sanguine ()</term><term>Repos</term><term>Récepteurs alpha-adrénergiques (métabolisme)</term><term>Système cardiovasculaire (physiopathologie)</term><term>Yohimbine (pharmacologie)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="blood" xml:lang="en"><term>Norepinephrine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="metabolism" xml:lang="en"><term>Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists</term><term>Yohimbine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="blood supply" xml:lang="en"><term>Forearm</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Blood Pressure</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="métabolisme" xml:lang="fr"><term>Récepteurs alpha-adrénergiques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pharmacologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antagonistes alpha-adrénergiques</term><term>Yohimbine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Hypotension orthostatique</term><term>Système cardiovasculaire</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cardiovascular System</term><term>Hypotension, Orthostatic</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="sang" xml:lang="fr"><term>Norépinéphrine</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term><term>Female</term><term>Gravitation</term><term>Humans</term><term>Lower Body Negative Pressure</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Regional Blood Flow</term><term>Rest</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Avant-bras</term><term>Débit sanguin régional</term><term>Dépression de la partie inférieure du corps</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Gravitation</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Pression sanguine</term><term>Repos</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We studied the effect of yohimbine, a drug that inhibits presynaptic alpha 2-adrenergic receptors and increases the neuronal release of norepinephrine from the central and sympathetic nervous systems, on tolerance to cardiovascular stress in 10 untrained, healthy subjects. Using radioligand binding of tritiated yohimbine to platelets, these subjects were found to have a normal complement of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors (174 +/- 18 [+/- SEM] receptors/platelet) with normal Kd (1.93 +/- 0.17 nmol/l). Lower body negative pressure was used to test responses to cardiovascular stress in the subjects after they received either placebo or 20 mg yohimbine. Graded lower body negative pressure from 0 to -40 mm Hg significantly decreased systolic blood pressure from 116 +/- 3.7 to 106 +/- 5.8 mm Hg, increased heart rate from 54 +/- 3 to 68 +/- 7 beats/min, decreased forearm blood flow from 1.8 +/- 0.21 to 1.36 +/- 0.25 ml/100 ml/min, and increased forearm vascular resistance from 55.76 +/- 12.1 to 77.26 +/- 15.8 mm Hg/ml/min. Yohimbine increased the blood pressure at rest and during lower body negative pressure, but these changes were not significantly different from values recorded from the individuals when they were given placebo. Compared with placebo, however, yohimbine significantly increased forearm blood flow at rest (1.80 +/- 0.21 vs. 2.66 +/- 0.31 ml/100 ml/min, p less than 0.05) and during -40 mm Hg of lower body negative pressure (1.36 +/- 0.25 vs. 1.91 +/- 0.28 ml/100 ml/min, p less than 0.05). We also found that yohimbine significantly increased the plasma insulin concentration in these fasted subjects (9.4 +/- 2.4 vs. 14.5 +/- 1.4 ng/ml, p less than 0.05) without inducing hypoglycemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Michigan</li></region></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Banta, G" sort="Banta, G" uniqKey="Banta G" first="G" last="Banta">G. Banta</name><name sortKey="Lockette, W" sort="Lockette, W" uniqKey="Lockette W" first="W" last="Lockette">W. Lockette</name><name sortKey="Mers, A" sort="Mers, A" uniqKey="Mers A" first="A" last="Mers">A. Mers</name><name sortKey="Steigerwalt, S" sort="Steigerwalt, S" uniqKey="Steigerwalt S" first="S" last="Steigerwalt">S. Steigerwalt</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Michigan"><name sortKey="Farrow, S" sort="Farrow, S" uniqKey="Farrow S" first="S" last="Farrow">S. Farrow</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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