Solution Thermodynamics
Identifieur interne : 000B74 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 000B73; suivant : 000B75Solution Thermodynamics
Auteurs : Hans-Georg Elias [États-Unis]Source :
Abstract
Abstract: According to the second law of thermodynamics, the Gibbs energy (“free energy”) G is related to the enthalpy H, the entropy S, and the thermodynamic temperature T by 6-1 % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4raiabg2 % da9iaadIeacqGHsislcaWGubGaam4uaiabg2da9iaadwfacqGHRaWk % caWGWbGaamOvaiabgkHiTiaadsfacaWGtbaaaa!4262! $$G = H - TS = U + pV - TS$$ where U is the internal energy, p is the pressure, and V is the volume. The Helmholtz energy A is given by 6-2 % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabg2 % da9iaadwfacqGHsislcaWGubGaam4uaiabg2da9iaadEeacqGHsisl % caWGWbGaamOvaaaa!3FC8! $$A = U - TS = G - pV$$ ∆G ≈ ∆A frequently holds for isobaric processes in condensed systems since the change in volume is often (but not always) negligibly small.
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DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4615-7364-7_6
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: According to the second law of thermodynamics, the Gibbs energy (“free energy”) G is related to the enthalpy H, the entropy S, and the thermodynamic temperature T by 6-1 % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4raiabg2 % da9iaadIeacqGHsislcaWGubGaam4uaiabg2da9iaadwfacqGHRaWk % caWGWbGaamOvaiabgkHiTiaadsfacaWGtbaaaa!4262! $$G = H - TS = U + pV - TS$$ where U is the internal energy, p is the pressure, and V is the volume. The Helmholtz energy A is given by 6-2 % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaagCart1ev2aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamyqaiabg2 % da9iaadwfacqGHsislcaWGubGaam4uaiabg2da9iaadEeacqGHsisl % caWGWbGaamOvaaaa!3FC8! $$A = U - TS = G - pV$$ ∆G ≈ ∆A frequently holds for isobaric processes in condensed systems since the change in volume is often (but not always) negligibly small.</div>
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