Serveur d'exploration MERS

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin

Identifieur interne : 002585 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002584; suivant : 002586

In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin

Auteurs : Dinah Abram ; Henry Koffler

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:E72AC8EB0D4DBF9ADBAEA32B2885F80F0BF00390

English descriptors

Abstract

The in vitro reaggregation of flagellin monomers, prepared by acid disintegration of isolated native flagella of Bacillus pumilus, was studied. Flagellin reassembles in at least three forms, two of which are highly organized in a linear fashion, and appear as straight structures and flagella-like filaments. The latter closely resemble native flagella in their morphology and in other properties. The rate and the extent of the reaggregation reaction, and the structure of the aggregates produced, are affected by the concentration of flagellin, pH, salt and temperature. Reaggregation at 2°C and in frozen samples makes it unlikely that the reaction is enzymic. Straight aggregates can be transformed to flagella-like filaments if they are suspended at an appropriate pH. On the other hand, neither flagella-like filaments nor native flagella can be changed to the straight forms by incubation at a pH at which the latter assemble from monomers. The results indicate that the primary structure of the flagellin molecules determines their configuration assumed under various conditions and the manner in which they reassemble to larger polymers in a specific environment. Flagella-like filaments and probably native flagella as well constitute the most stable organized state in which flagellin can aggregate.

Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80098-X

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:E72AC8EB0D4DBF9ADBAEA32B2885F80F0BF00390

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abram, Dinah" sort="Abram, Dinah" uniqKey="Abram D" first="Dinah" last="Abram">Dinah Abram</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koffler, Henry" sort="Koffler, Henry" uniqKey="Koffler H" first="Henry" last="Koffler">Henry Koffler</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:E72AC8EB0D4DBF9ADBAEA32B2885F80F0BF00390</idno>
<date when="1964" year="1964">1964</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80098-X</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0/fulltext.pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002585</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002585</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abram, Dinah" sort="Abram, Dinah" uniqKey="Abram D" first="Dinah" last="Abram">Dinah Abram</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koffler, Henry" sort="Koffler, Henry" uniqKey="Koffler H" first="Henry" last="Koffler">Henry Koffler</name>
<affiliation>
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j">Journal of Molecular Biology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">YJMBI</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-2836</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1964">1964</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">9</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="168">168</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="185">185</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-2836</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<idno type="ISSN">0022-2836</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Abram</term>
<term>Acta</term>
<term>Acta chem</term>
<term>Ambler rees</term>
<term>Aqueous solution</term>
<term>Aqueous suspensions</term>
<term>Bact</term>
<term>Biol</term>
<term>Biophys</term>
<term>Borotungstate</term>
<term>Cell weight</term>
<term>Centrifugation</term>
<term>Certain conditions</term>
<term>Chem</term>
<term>Concentration offlagellin</term>
<term>Deionized water</term>
<term>Electron microscopy</term>
<term>Filament</term>
<term>Final concentration</term>
<term>Flagellalike filaments</term>
<term>Flagellar</term>
<term>Flagellar suspensions</term>
<term>Flagellin</term>
<term>Flagellin aggregates</term>
<term>Flagellin concentration</term>
<term>Flagellin molecules</term>
<term>Flagellin monomers</term>
<term>Flagellin reaggregated</term>
<term>Flagellin reaggregates</term>
<term>Flagellin solutions</term>
<term>Flagellins</term>
<term>Flagellum</term>
<term>High concentrations</term>
<term>Higher concentrations</term>
<term>Higher temperatures</term>
<term>Ionic strength</term>
<term>Kerridge</term>
<term>Koffler</term>
<term>Material reaggregates</term>
<term>Mgjml</term>
<term>Microbiol</term>
<term>Monomer</term>
<term>Native flagella</term>
<term>Other hand</term>
<term>Pellet</term>
<term>Phosphate buffer</term>
<term>Phosphotungstate</term>
<term>Plate viii</term>
<term>Polymer</term>
<term>Potassium phosphotungstate</term>
<term>Proc</term>
<term>Purdue university</term>
<term>Reaction mixture</term>
<term>Reaction mixtures</term>
<term>Reaggregated</term>
<term>Reaggregated material</term>
<term>Reaggregates</term>
<term>Reaggregation</term>
<term>Reaggregation reaction</term>
<term>Reconstituted</term>
<term>Short filaments</term>
<term>Similar experiments</term>
<term>Spinco model</term>
<term>Stenesh</term>
<term>Straight aggregates</term>
<term>Straight filaments</term>
<term>Straight reaggregates</term>
<term>Straight structures</term>
<term>Subunit</term>
<term>Uranyl</term>
<term>Ures</term>
<term>Viscous</term>
<term>Weibull</term>
<term>Weibull tiselius</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract">The in vitro reaggregation of flagellin monomers, prepared by acid disintegration of isolated native flagella of Bacillus pumilus, was studied. Flagellin reassembles in at least three forms, two of which are highly organized in a linear fashion, and appear as straight structures and flagella-like filaments. The latter closely resemble native flagella in their morphology and in other properties. The rate and the extent of the reaggregation reaction, and the structure of the aggregates produced, are affected by the concentration of flagellin, pH, salt and temperature. Reaggregation at 2°C and in frozen samples makes it unlikely that the reaction is enzymic. Straight aggregates can be transformed to flagella-like filaments if they are suspended at an appropriate pH. On the other hand, neither flagella-like filaments nor native flagella can be changed to the straight forms by incubation at a pH at which the latter assemble from monomers. The results indicate that the primary structure of the flagellin molecules determines their configuration assumed under various conditions and the manner in which they reassemble to larger polymers in a specific environment. Flagella-like filaments and probably native flagella as well constitute the most stable organized state in which flagellin can aggregate.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<istex>
<corpusName>elsevier</corpusName>
<keywords>
<teeft>
<json:string>flagellin</json:string>
<json:string>flagellum</json:string>
<json:string>filament</json:string>
<json:string>reaggregation</json:string>
<json:string>koffler</json:string>
<json:string>reaggregated</json:string>
<json:string>native flagella</json:string>
<json:string>straight structures</json:string>
<json:string>weibull</json:string>
<json:string>abram</json:string>
<json:string>phosphotungstate</json:string>
<json:string>reaggregated material</json:string>
<json:string>kerridge</json:string>
<json:string>reaggregates</json:string>
<json:string>mgjml</json:string>
<json:string>pellet</json:string>
<json:string>bact</json:string>
<json:string>subunit</json:string>
<json:string>potassium phosphotungstate</json:string>
<json:string>proc</json:string>
<json:string>biophys</json:string>
<json:string>acta</json:string>
<json:string>phosphate buffer</json:string>
<json:string>flagellin concentration</json:string>
<json:string>ures</json:string>
<json:string>flagellins</json:string>
<json:string>borotungstate</json:string>
<json:string>flagellar</json:string>
<json:string>biol</json:string>
<json:string>stenesh</json:string>
<json:string>microbiol</json:string>
<json:string>chem</json:string>
<json:string>reconstituted</json:string>
<json:string>other hand</json:string>
<json:string>final concentration</json:string>
<json:string>flagellar suspensions</json:string>
<json:string>purdue university</json:string>
<json:string>deionized water</json:string>
<json:string>reaction mixtures</json:string>
<json:string>flagellin molecules</json:string>
<json:string>uranyl</json:string>
<json:string>aqueous suspensions</json:string>
<json:string>reaggregation reaction</json:string>
<json:string>flagellin reaggregates</json:string>
<json:string>flagellin solutions</json:string>
<json:string>straight reaggregates</json:string>
<json:string>electron microscopy</json:string>
<json:string>flagellin monomers</json:string>
<json:string>spinco model</json:string>
<json:string>straight filaments</json:string>
<json:string>higher temperatures</json:string>
<json:string>straight aggregates</json:string>
<json:string>viscous</json:string>
<json:string>polymer</json:string>
<json:string>plate viii</json:string>
<json:string>high concentrations</json:string>
<json:string>certain conditions</json:string>
<json:string>aqueous solution</json:string>
<json:string>material reaggregates</json:string>
<json:string>flagellalike filaments</json:string>
<json:string>ambler rees</json:string>
<json:string>ionic strength</json:string>
<json:string>flagellin reaggregated</json:string>
<json:string>reaction mixture</json:string>
<json:string>short filaments</json:string>
<json:string>concentration offlagellin</json:string>
<json:string>higher concentrations</json:string>
<json:string>similar experiments</json:string>
<json:string>acta chem</json:string>
<json:string>weibull tiselius</json:string>
<json:string>cell weight</json:string>
<json:string>flagellin aggregates</json:string>
<json:string>monomer</json:string>
<json:string>centrifugation</json:string>
</teeft>
</keywords>
<author>
<json:item>
<name>Dinah Abram</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<name>Henry Koffler</name>
<affiliations>
<json:string>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</json:string>
</affiliations>
</json:item>
</author>
<articleId>
<json:string>80098</json:string>
</articleId>
<arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0</arkIstex>
<language>
<json:string>eng</json:string>
</language>
<originalGenre>
<json:string>Full-length article</json:string>
</originalGenre>
<abstract>The in vitro reaggregation of flagellin monomers, prepared by acid disintegration of isolated native flagella of Bacillus pumilus, was studied. Flagellin reassembles in at least three forms, two of which are highly organized in a linear fashion, and appear as straight structures and flagella-like filaments. The latter closely resemble native flagella in their morphology and in other properties. The rate and the extent of the reaggregation reaction, and the structure of the aggregates produced, are affected by the concentration of flagellin, pH, salt and temperature. Reaggregation at 2°C and in frozen samples makes it unlikely that the reaction is enzymic. Straight aggregates can be transformed to flagella-like filaments if they are suspended at an appropriate pH. On the other hand, neither flagella-like filaments nor native flagella can be changed to the straight forms by incubation at a pH at which the latter assemble from monomers. The results indicate that the primary structure of the flagellin molecules determines their configuration assumed under various conditions and the manner in which they reassemble to larger polymers in a specific environment. Flagella-like filaments and probably native flagella as well constitute the most stable organized state in which flagellin can aggregate.</abstract>
<qualityIndicators>
<score>9.352</score>
<pdfWordCount>9523</pdfWordCount>
<pdfCharCount>53330</pdfCharCount>
<pdfVersion>1.4</pdfVersion>
<pdfPageCount>33</pdfPageCount>
<pdfPageSize>414 x 656.64 pts</pdfPageSize>
<refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative>
<abstractWordCount>196</abstractWordCount>
<abstractCharCount>1310</abstractCharCount>
<keywordCount>0</keywordCount>
</qualityIndicators>
<title>In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</title>
<pmid>
<json:string>14200380</json:string>
</pmid>
<pii>
<json:string>S0022-2836(64)80098-X</json:string>
</pii>
<genre>
<json:string>research-article</json:string>
</genre>
<host>
<title>Journal of Molecular Biology</title>
<language>
<json:string>unknown</json:string>
</language>
<publicationDate>1964</publicationDate>
<issn>
<json:string>0022-2836</json:string>
</issn>
<pii>
<json:string>S0022-2836(64)X8085-6</json:string>
</pii>
<volume>9</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<pages>
<first>168</first>
<last>185</last>
</pages>
<genre>
<json:string>journal</json:string>
</genre>
</host>
<namedEntities>
<unitex>
<date>
<json:string>80S</json:string>
<json:string>3300 to 6000</json:string>
<json:string>1964</json:string>
</date>
<geogName></geogName>
<orgName>
<json:string>Biochem</json:string>
<json:string>Brandeis University</json:string>
<json:string>NSF grant G-24237</json:string>
<json:string>NIH grant AI-00685</json:string>
</orgName>
<orgName_funder>
<json:string>NSF grant G-24237</json:string>
<json:string>NIH grant AI-00685</json:string>
</orgName_funder>
<orgName_provider></orgName_provider>
<persName>
<json:string>Florence Shen</json:string>
<json:string>I. Prep</json:string>
<json:string>S. P. Feustel</json:string>
<json:string>The</json:string>
<json:string>Van Iterson</json:string>
<json:string>R. N. Souder</json:string>
</persName>
<placeName></placeName>
<ref_url></ref_url>
<ref_bibl>
<json:string>Weibull, 1948, 1949, 1950, 1951a, b, 1953</json:string>
<json:string>Gornall, Bardawill & David, 1949</json:string>
<json:string>Bessis & Breton-Gorius, 1960</json:string>
<json:string>Weibull & Tiselius, 1945</json:string>
<json:string>Kerridge, 1963</json:string>
<json:string>Kerridge et al. (1962)</json:string>
<json:string>Astbury et al. (1955)</json:string>
<json:string>Koffier, Mallett & Adye, 1957</json:string>
<json:string>Read, 1957</json:string>
<json:string>Koffler et al., 1957</json:string>
<json:string>Vennes & Gerhardt, 1959</json:string>
<json:string>Takahashi & Ishii, 1952</json:string>
<json:string>Hodge, 1959</json:string>
<json:string>Straub & Feuer, 1950</json:string>
<json:string>Nasser, 1964</json:string>
<json:string>Stocker et al., 1953</json:string>
<json:string>Weinstein, Koffler & Moskowitz, 1960</json:string>
<json:string>Koffler, 1957</json:string>
<json:string>Kerridge et al., 1962</json:string>
<json:string>Kobayashi, Rinker & Komer, 1959</json:string>
<json:string>Lowry, Rosebrough, Farr & Randall, 1951</json:string>
<json:string>Stenesh & Koffier, 1962</json:string>
<json:string>Ambler & Rees, 1959</json:string>
<json:string>Martinez, 1963</json:string>
<json:string>Laki, Bowen & Clark, 1950</json:string>
<json:string>Quadling & Stocker, 1956</json:string>
<json:string>Kobayashi et al., 1959</json:string>
<json:string>Beighton, Porter & Stocker, 1958</json:string>
<json:string>Friewer & Leifson, 1952</json:string>
<json:string>Komer, 1957</json:string>
<json:string>Hirsch, 1947</json:string>
<json:string>Ada et al., 1963</json:string>
<json:string>Kerridge, 1960</json:string>
<json:string>Deal, Rutter & Van Holde, 1963</json:string>
<json:string>Koffier, 1957</json:string>
<json:string>Burge, 1961</json:string>
<json:string>Yaguchi et al., 1964</json:string>
<json:string>Weibull & 'I'iselius, 1945</json:string>
<json:string>Levinthal, Singer & Fetherolf, 1962</json:string>
<json:string>Markert, 1963</json:string>
<json:string>Abram et al.</json:string>
<json:string>Weinstein, 1959</json:string>
<json:string>Preston & Maitland, 1952</json:string>
<json:string>Astbury, Beighton & Weibull, 1955</json:string>
<json:string>Kobayashi et al. (1959)</json:string>
<json:string>Stellwagen & Schachman, 1962</json:string>
<json:string>Fischer, 1963</json:string>
<json:string>Brenner & Horne, 1959</json:string>
<json:string>Nasser & Koffler, 1963</json:string>
<json:string>Ada et al. (1963)</json:string>
</ref_bibl>
<bibl></bibl>
</unitex>
</namedEntities>
<ark>
<json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0</json:string>
</ark>
<categories>
<wos>
<json:string>1 - science</json:string>
<json:string>2 - biochemistry & molecular biology</json:string>
</wos>
<scienceMetrix>
<json:string>1 - health sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - biomedical research</json:string>
<json:string>3 - biochemistry & molecular biology</json:string>
</scienceMetrix>
<scopus>
<json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string>
<json:string>2 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</json:string>
<json:string>3 - Molecular Biology</json:string>
</scopus>
<inist>
<json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string>
<json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string>
<json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string>
</inist>
</categories>
<publicationDate>1964</publicationDate>
<copyrightDate>1964</copyrightDate>
<doi>
<json:string>10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80098-X</json:string>
</doi>
<id>E72AC8EB0D4DBF9ADBAEA32B2885F80F0BF00390</id>
<score>1</score>
<fulltext>
<json:item>
<extension>pdf</extension>
<original>true</original>
<mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0/fulltext.pdf</uri>
</json:item>
<json:item>
<extension>zip</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/zip</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0/bundle.zip</uri>
</json:item>
<istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0/fulltext.tei">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</title>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<authority>ISTEX</authority>
<publisher scheme="https://scientific-publisher.data.istex.fr">ELSEVIER</publisher>
<availability>
<licence>
<p>©1964 Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd.</p>
</licence>
<p scheme="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</p>
</availability>
<date>1964</date>
</publicationStmt>
<notesStmt>
<note type="research-article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</note>
<note type="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note>
<note>This work was supported in part by NIH grant AI-00685 and NSF grant G-24237.</note>
</notesStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct type="inbook">
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</title>
<author xml:id="author-0000">
<persName>
<forename type="first">Dinah</forename>
<surname>Abram</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0001">
<persName>
<forename type="first">Henry</forename>
<surname>Koffler</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</affiliation>
</author>
<idno type="istex">E72AC8EB0D4DBF9ADBAEA32B2885F80F0BF00390</idno>
<idno type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0</idno>
<idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80098-X</idno>
<idno type="PII">S0022-2836(64)80098-X</idno>
<idno type="article-id">80098</idno>
</analytic>
<monogr>
<title level="j">Journal of Molecular Biology</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">YJMBI</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0022-2836</idno>
<idno type="PII">S0022-2836(64)X8085-6</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1964"></date>
<biblScope unit="volume">9</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="168">168</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="185">185</biblScope>
</imprint>
</monogr>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<creation>
<date>1964</date>
</creation>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
<abstract>
<p>The in vitro reaggregation of flagellin monomers, prepared by acid disintegration of isolated native flagella of Bacillus pumilus, was studied. Flagellin reassembles in at least three forms, two of which are highly organized in a linear fashion, and appear as straight structures and flagella-like filaments. The latter closely resemble native flagella in their morphology and in other properties. The rate and the extent of the reaggregation reaction, and the structure of the aggregates produced, are affected by the concentration of flagellin, pH, salt and temperature. Reaggregation at 2°C and in frozen samples makes it unlikely that the reaction is enzymic. Straight aggregates can be transformed to flagella-like filaments if they are suspended at an appropriate pH. On the other hand, neither flagella-like filaments nor native flagella can be changed to the straight forms by incubation at a pH at which the latter assemble from monomers. The results indicate that the primary structure of the flagellin molecules determines their configuration assumed under various conditions and the manner in which they reassemble to larger polymers in a specific environment. Flagella-like filaments and probably native flagella as well constitute the most stable organized state in which flagellin can aggregate.</p>
</abstract>
</profileDesc>
<revisionDesc>
<change when="1964-03-23">Modified</change>
<change when="1964">Published</change>
</revisionDesc>
</teiHeader>
</istex:fulltextTEI>
<json:item>
<extension>txt</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>text/plain</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0/fulltext.txt</uri>
</json:item>
</fulltext>
<metadata>
<istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier doc found" wicri:toSee="Elsevier, no converted or simple article">
<istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration>
<istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 5.0.1//EN//XML" URI="art501.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType>
<istex:document>
<article version="5.0" xml:lang="en" docsubtype="fla">
<item-info>
<jid>YJMBI</jid>
<aid>80098</aid>
<ce:pii>S0022-2836(64)80098-X</ce:pii>
<ce:doi>10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80098-X</ce:doi>
<ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1964">Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd.</ce:copyright>
</item-info>
<head>
<ce:article-footnote>
<ce:label>*</ce:label>
<ce:note-para>This work was supported in part by NIH grant AI-00685 and NSF grant G-24237.</ce:note-para>
</ce:article-footnote>
<ce:title>
<ce:italic>In vitro</ce:italic>
formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</ce:title>
<ce:author-group>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Dinah</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Abram</ce:surname>
</ce:author>
<ce:author>
<ce:given-name>Henry</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</ce:author>
<ce:affiliation>
<ce:textfn>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</ce:textfn>
</ce:affiliation>
</ce:author-group>
<ce:date-received day="11" month="2" year="1964"></ce:date-received>
<ce:date-revised day="23" month="3" year="1964"></ce:date-revised>
<ce:abstract id="ab1">
<ce:abstract-sec>
<ce:simple-para>The
<ce:italic>in vitro</ce:italic>
reaggregation of flagellin monomers, prepared by acid disintegration of isolated native flagella of
<ce:italic>Bacillus pumilus</ce:italic>
, was studied. Flagellin reassembles in at least three forms, two of which are highly organized in a linear fashion, and appear as straight structures and flagella-like filaments. The latter closely resemble native flagella in their morphology and in other properties. The rate and the extent of the reaggregation reaction, and the structure of the aggregates produced, are affected by the concentration of flagellin, pH, salt and temperature. Reaggregation at 2°C and in frozen samples makes it unlikely that the reaction is enzymic. Straight aggregates can be transformed to flagella-like filaments if they are suspended at an appropriate pH. On the other hand, neither flagella-like filaments nor native flagella can be changed to the straight forms by incubation at a pH at which the latter assemble from monomers. The results indicate that the primary structure of the flagellin molecules determines their configuration assumed under various conditions and the manner in which they reassemble to larger polymers in a specific environment. Flagella-like filaments and probably native flagella as well constitute the most stable organized state in which flagellin can aggregate.</ce:simple-para>
</ce:abstract-sec>
</ce:abstract>
</head>
<tail>
<ce:bibliography>
<ce:section-title>References</ce:section-title>
<ce:bibliography-sec>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib1">
<ce:label>Abram and Koffler, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Abram</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Bact. Proc.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>1963</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>45</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib2">
<ce:label>Abram et al., 1964</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Abram</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Vatter</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Bact. Proc.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>1964</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1964</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>25</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib3">
<ce:label>Ada et al., 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>G.L.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Ada</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>G.J.V.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nossal</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Pye</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Abbot</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>99</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1257</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib4">
<ce:label>Ambler and Rees, 1959</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R.P.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Ambler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M.W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Rees</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Nature</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>184</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1959</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>56</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib5">
<ce:label>Astbury et al., 1955</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.T.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Astbury</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Beighton</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:edited-book>
<sb:book-series>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>9</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1955</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>282</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib6">
<ce:label>Beighton et al., 1958</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Beighton</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Porter</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>B.A.D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Stocker</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochim. biophys. Acta</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>29</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1958</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>8</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib7">
<ce:label>Bessis and Breton-Gorius, 1960</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bessis</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Breton-Gorius</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>205</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1960</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1360</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib8">
<ce:label>Brenner and Horne, 1959</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Brenner</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Horne</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochim. biophys. Acta</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>34</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1959</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>103</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib9">
<ce:label>Burge, 1961</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R.E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Burge</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Proc. Roy. Soc. A</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>260</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1961</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>558</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib10">
<ce:label>Deal et al., 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Deal</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Rutter</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>K.E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Van Holde</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochemistry</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>2</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>246</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib11">
<ce:label>Erlander et al., 1960</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Erlander</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.F.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Foster</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Arch. Biochem. Biophys.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>90</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1960</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>134</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib12">
<ce:label>Fischer, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.R.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Fischer</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:edited-book>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>M.Sc. thesis</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
<sb:publisher>
<sb:name>Purdue University</sb:name>
<sb:location>Lafayette, Indiana</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib13">
<ce:label>Friewer and Leifson, 1952</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>F.I.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Friewer</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Leifson</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Path. Bact.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>64</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1952</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>223</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib14">
<ce:label>Glauert et al., 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Glauert</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kerridge</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Horne</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Cell Biol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>18</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>327</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib15">
<ce:label>Gornall et al., 1949</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.G.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Gornall</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bardawill</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M.M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>David</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Biol. Chem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>177</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1949</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>751</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib16">
<ce:label>Grace, 1954</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.B.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Grace</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Gen. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>10</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1954</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>325</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib17">
<ce:label>Hirsch, 1947</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Hirsch</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Hyg.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>45</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1947</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>417</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib18">
<ce:label>Hodge, 1959</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Hodge</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Rev. Mod. Phys.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>31</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1959</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>409</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib19">
<ce:label>Houwink and Van Iterson, 1950</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.L.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Houwink</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Van Iterson</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochim. biophys. Acta</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>5</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1950</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>10</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib20">
<ce:label>Kerridge, 1960</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kerridge</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Gen. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>23</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1960</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>519</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib21">
<ce:label>Kerridge, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kerridge</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Gen. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>33</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>63</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib22">
<ce:label>Kerridge et al., 1962</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kerridge</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R.W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Horne</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Glauert</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Mol. Biol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1962</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>227</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib23">
<ce:label>Kobayashi et al., 1959</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>T.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Kobayashi</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.N.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Rinker</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Arch. Biochem. Biophys.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>84</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1959</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>342</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib24">
<ce:label>Koffler, 1957</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Bact. Rev.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>21</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1957</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>227</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib25">
<ce:label>Koffler et al., 1957</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>G.H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Mallett</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Adye</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Wash.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>43</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1957</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>464</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib26">
<ce:label>Laki et al., 1950</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Laki</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Bowen</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Clark</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Gen. Physiol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>33</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1950</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>437</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib27">
<ce:label>Leifson et al., 1955</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Leifson</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S.R.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Carhart</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Fulton</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Bact.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>69</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1955</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>73</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib28">
<ce:label>Levinthal et al., 1962</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Levinthal</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E.R.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Singer</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>K.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Fetherolf</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., Wash.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>48</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1962</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1230</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib29">
<ce:label>Loewus, 1952</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>F.A.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Loewus</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Analyt. Chem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>24</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1952</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>219</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib30">
<ce:label>Lowry et al., 1951</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>O.H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lowry</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>N.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Rosebrough</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.L.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Farr</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Randall</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Biol. Chem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>193</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1951</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>265</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib31">
<ce:label>Martinez, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>R.J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Martinez</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>12</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>180</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib32">
<ce:label>Markert, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.L.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Markert</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Science</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>140</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1329</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib33">
<ce:label>Moore et al., 1958</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>S.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Moore</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Spackman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Stein</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Analyt. Chem.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>30</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1958</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>297</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib34">
<ce:label>Nasser, 1964</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.S.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nasser</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:edited-book>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Ph.D. thesis</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1964</sb:date>
<sb:publisher>
<sb:name>Purdue University</sb:name>
<sb:location>Lafayette, Indiana</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib35">
<ce:label>Nasser and Koffler, 1963</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.S.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Nasser</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Bact. Proc.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>1963</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1963</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>35</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib36">
<ce:label>Preston and Maitland, 1952</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>N.W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Preston</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.B.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Maitland</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Gen. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>7</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1952</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>117</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib37">
<ce:label>Quadling and Stocker, 1956</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Quadling</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>B.A.D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Stocker</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Gen. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>15</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1956</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>i</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib38">
<ce:label>Read, 1967</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>K.S.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Read</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:edited-book>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Ph.D. thesis</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1967</sb:date>
<sb:publisher>
<sb:name>Purdue University</sb:name>
<sb:location>Lafayette, Indiana</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib39">
<ce:label>Schmitt et al., 1955</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>F.O.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Schmitt</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Gross</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Highberger</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:edited-book>
<sb:book-series>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Symp. Soc. Exp. Biol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>9</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
</sb:book-series>
<sb:date>1955</sb:date>
</sb:edited-book>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>148</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib40">
<ce:label>Stenesh and Koffler, 1962</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Stenesh</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Fed. Proc</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>21</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1962</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>406</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib41">
<ce:label>Stocker et al., 1953</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>B.A.D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Stocker</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>N.D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Zinder</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Lederberg</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Gen. Microbiol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>9</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1953</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>410</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib42">
<ce:label>Straub and Feuer, 1950</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>F.B.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Straub</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>G.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Feuer</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochim. biophys. Acta</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1950</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>455</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib43">
<ce:label>Stellvragen and Schachman, 1962</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>E.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Stellvragen</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.K.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Schachman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochemistry</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>1</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1962</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>1056</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib44">
<ce:label>Takahashi and Ishii, 1952</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>W.N.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Takahashi</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Ishii</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Phytopath.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>42</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1952</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>690</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib45">
<ce:label>Tawara, 1957</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Tawara</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Bact.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>73</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1957</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>89</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib46">
<ce:label>Vennes and Gerhardt, 1959</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>J.W.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Vennes</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>P.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Gerhardt</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Bact.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>77</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1959</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>581</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib47">
<ce:label>Weinstein, 1959</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weinstein</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:edited-book>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Ph.D. thesis</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:date>1959</sb:date>
<sb:publisher>
<sb:name>Purdue University</sb:name>
<sb:location>Lafayette, Indiana</sb:location>
</sb:publisher>
</sb:edited-book>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib48">
<ce:label>Weinstein et al., 1960</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>D.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weinstein</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>H.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Koffler</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Moskowitz</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Bact. Proc.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>1960</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1960</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>63</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib49">
<ce:label>Weibull, 1948</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochim. biophys. Acta</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>2</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1948</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>351</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib50">
<ce:label>Weibull, 1949</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Biochim. biophys. Acta</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>3</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1949</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>378</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib51">
<ce:label>Weibull, 1950</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Acta chem. Scand.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>4</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1950</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>268</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib52">
<ce:label>Weibull, 1951a</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Disc. Faraday Soc.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>11</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1951</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>195</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib53">
<ce:label>Weibull, 1951b</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Acta chem. Scand.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>5</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1951</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>529</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib54">
<ce:label>Weibull, 1953</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Acta chem. Scand.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>7</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1953</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>336</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib55">
<ce:label>Weibull and Tiselius, 1945</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Weibull</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Tiselius</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>Arkiv Kemi Min. Geol.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>20B</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:issue-nr>No. 3.</sb:issue-nr>
<sb:date>1945</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
<ce:bib-reference id="bib56">
<ce:label>Williams and Chapman, 1961</ce:label>
<sb:reference>
<sb:contribution>
<sb:authors>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>M.A.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Williams</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
<sb:author>
<ce:given-name>G.B.</ce:given-name>
<ce:surname>Chapman</ce:surname>
</sb:author>
</sb:authors>
</sb:contribution>
<sb:host>
<sb:issue>
<sb:series>
<sb:title>
<sb:maintitle>J. Bact.</sb:maintitle>
</sb:title>
<sb:volume-nr>81</sb:volume-nr>
</sb:series>
<sb:date>1961</sb:date>
</sb:issue>
<sb:pages>
<sb:first-page>195</sb:first-page>
</sb:pages>
</sb:host>
</sb:reference>
</ce:bib-reference>
</ce:bibliography-sec>
</ce:bibliography>
</tail>
</article>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6">
<titleInfo lang="en">
<title>In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA">
<title>formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Dinah</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Abram</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal">
<namePart type="given">Henry</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Koffler</namePart>
<affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, Lafayette, Indiana, U.S.A.</affiliation>
<role>
<roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource>
<genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre>
<originInfo>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1964</dateIssued>
<dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">1964-03-23</dateModified>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1964</copyrightDate>
</originInfo>
<language>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
<languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm>
</language>
<abstract>The in vitro reaggregation of flagellin monomers, prepared by acid disintegration of isolated native flagella of Bacillus pumilus, was studied. Flagellin reassembles in at least three forms, two of which are highly organized in a linear fashion, and appear as straight structures and flagella-like filaments. The latter closely resemble native flagella in their morphology and in other properties. The rate and the extent of the reaggregation reaction, and the structure of the aggregates produced, are affected by the concentration of flagellin, pH, salt and temperature. Reaggregation at 2°C and in frozen samples makes it unlikely that the reaction is enzymic. Straight aggregates can be transformed to flagella-like filaments if they are suspended at an appropriate pH. On the other hand, neither flagella-like filaments nor native flagella can be changed to the straight forms by incubation at a pH at which the latter assemble from monomers. The results indicate that the primary structure of the flagellin molecules determines their configuration assumed under various conditions and the manner in which they reassemble to larger polymers in a specific environment. Flagella-like filaments and probably native flagella as well constitute the most stable organized state in which flagellin can aggregate.</abstract>
<note>This work was supported in part by NIH grant AI-00685 and NSF grant G-24237.</note>
<relatedItem type="host">
<titleInfo>
<title>Journal of Molecular Biology</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated">
<title>YJMBI</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre>
<originInfo>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1964</dateIssued>
</originInfo>
<identifier type="ISSN">0022-2836</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">S0022-2836(64)X8085-6</identifier>
<part>
<date>1964</date>
<detail type="volume">
<number>9</number>
<caption>vol.</caption>
</detail>
<detail type="issue">
<number>1</number>
<caption>no.</caption>
</detail>
<extent unit="issue-pages">
<start>1</start>
<end>268</end>
</extent>
<extent unit="pages">
<start>168</start>
<end>185</end>
</extent>
</part>
</relatedItem>
<identifier type="istex">E72AC8EB0D4DBF9ADBAEA32B2885F80F0BF00390</identifier>
<identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0022-2836(64)80098-X</identifier>
<identifier type="PII">S0022-2836(64)80098-X</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">80098</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©1964 Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd.</accessCondition>
<recordInfo>
<recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource>
<recordOrigin>Academic Press Inc. (London) Ltd., ©1964</recordOrigin>
</recordInfo>
</mods>
<json:item>
<extension>json</extension>
<original>false</original>
<mimetype>application/json</mimetype>
<uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/6H6-FTTFTR49-0/record.json</uri>
</json:item>
</metadata>
<serie></serie>
</istex>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002585 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002585 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    MersV1
   |flux=    Istex
   |étape=   Corpus
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     ISTEX:E72AC8EB0D4DBF9ADBAEA32B2885F80F0BF00390
   |texte=   In vitro formation of flagella-like filaments and other structures from flagellin
}}

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Mon Apr 20 23:26:43 2020. Site generation: Sat Mar 27 09:06:09 2021