mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure
Identifieur interne : 002401 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002400; suivant : 002402mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure
Auteurs : Nicole-Claudia Meisner ; Jörg Hackermüller ; Volker Uhl ; András Asz Di ; Markus Jaritz ; Manfred AuerSource :
- ChemBioChem [ 1439-4227 ] ; 2004-10-04.
Abstract
Approximately 3 000 genes are regulated in a time‐, tissue‐, and stimulus‐dependent manner by degradation or stabilization of their mRNAs. The process is mediated by interaction of AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the mRNA's 3′‐untranslated regions with trans‐acting factors. AU‐rich element‐controlled genes of fundamentally different functional relevance depend for their activation on one positive regulator, HuR. Here we present a methodology to exploit this central regulatory process for specific manipulation of AU‐rich element‐controlled gene expression at the mRNA level. With a combination of single‐molecule spectroscopy, computational biology, and molecular and cellular biochemistry, we show that mRNA recognition by HuR is dependent on the presentation of the sequence motif NNUUNNUUU in single‐stranded conformation. The presentation of the HuR binding site in the mRNA secondary structure appears to act analogously to a regulatory on/off switch that specifically controls HuR access to mRNAs in cis. Based on this finding we present a methodology for manipulating ARE mRNA levels by actuating this conformational switch specifically in a target mRNA. Computationally designed oligonucleotides (openers) enhance the NNUUNNUUU accessibility by rearranging the mRNA conformation. Thereby they increase in vitro and endogenous HuR–mRNA complex formation which leads to specific mRNA stabilization (as demonstrated for TNFα and IL‐2, respectively). Induced HuR binding both inside and outside the AU‐rich element promotes functional IL‐2 mRNA stabilization. This opener‐induced mRNA stabilization mimics the endogenous IL‐2 response to CD28 stimulation in human primary T‐cells. We therefore propose that controlled modulation of the AU‐rich element conformation by mRNA openers or closers allows message stabilization or destabilization in cis to be specifically triggered. The described methodology might provide a means for studying distinct pathways in a complex cellular network at the node of mRNA stability control. It allows ARE gene expression to be potentially silenced or boosted. This will be of particular value for drug‐target validation, allowing the diseased phenotype to ameliorate or deteriorate. Finally, the mRNA openers provide a rational starting point for target‐specific mRNA stability assays to screen for low‐molecular‐weight compounds acting as inhibitors or activators of an mRNA structure rearrangement.
An open‐and‐shut‐case. Control of mRNA stability by AU‐rich elements represents an essential level in the regulation of several thousand genes. We show that mRNA openers/closers provide a means for manipulating AU‐rich element‐controlled mRNA levels in cis. The figure illustrates the mode‐of‐action of the opener (red): by inducing a conformational switch in the mRNA secondary structure (blue), the positive regulator HuR (green) gains access to its binding site.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.200400219
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:17954C8F7D353F8E89EB4EFFCCF123090FC5D998Le document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title><author><name sortKey="Meisner, Nicole Laudia" sort="Meisner, Nicole Laudia" uniqKey="Meisner N" first="Nicole-Claudia" last="Meisner">Nicole-Claudia Meisner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hackermuller, Jorg" sort="Hackermuller, Jorg" uniqKey="Hackermuller J" first="Jörg" last="Hackermüller">Jörg Hackermüller</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Vienna, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Structural Biology, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uhl, Volker" sort="Uhl, Volker" uniqKey="Uhl V" first="Volker" last="Uhl">Volker Uhl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asz Di, Andras" sort="Asz Di, Andras" uniqKey="Asz Di A" first="András" last="Asz Di">András Asz Di</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaritz, Markus" sort="Jaritz, Markus" uniqKey="Jaritz M" first="Markus" last="Jaritz">Markus Jaritz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Auer, Manfred" sort="Auer, Manfred" uniqKey="Auer M" first="Manfred" last="Auer">Manfred Auer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: manfred.auer@pharma.novartis.com</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:17954C8F7D353F8E89EB4EFFCCF123090FC5D998</idno><date when="2004" year="2004">2004</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/cbic.200400219</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5/fulltext.pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">002401</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">002401</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title><author><name sortKey="Meisner, Nicole Laudia" sort="Meisner, Nicole Laudia" uniqKey="Meisner N" first="Nicole-Claudia" last="Meisner">Nicole-Claudia Meisner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hackermuller, Jorg" sort="Hackermuller, Jorg" uniqKey="Hackermuller J" first="Jörg" last="Hackermüller">Jörg Hackermüller</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>University of Vienna, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Structural Biology, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Uhl, Volker" sort="Uhl, Volker" uniqKey="Uhl V" first="Volker" last="Uhl">Volker Uhl</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asz Di, Andras" sort="Asz Di, Andras" uniqKey="Asz Di A" first="András" last="Asz Di">András Asz Di</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jaritz, Markus" sort="Jaritz, Markus" uniqKey="Jaritz M" first="Markus" last="Jaritz">Markus Jaritz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Auer, Manfred" sort="Auer, Manfred" uniqKey="Auer M" first="Manfred" last="Auer">Manfred Auer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: manfred.auer@pharma.novartis.com</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j" type="main">ChemBioChem</title><title level="j" type="sub">Systems Biology & Chemistry</title><title level="j" type="alt">CHEMBIOCHEM</title><idno type="ISSN">1439-4227</idno><idno type="eISSN">1439-7633</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1432">1432</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1447">1447</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">16</biblScope><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-10-04">2004-10-04</date></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1439-4227</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1439-4227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Approximately 3 000 genes are regulated in a time‐, tissue‐, and stimulus‐dependent manner by degradation or stabilization of their mRNAs. The process is mediated by interaction of AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the mRNA's 3′‐untranslated regions with trans‐acting factors. AU‐rich element‐controlled genes of fundamentally different functional relevance depend for their activation on one positive regulator, HuR. Here we present a methodology to exploit this central regulatory process for specific manipulation of AU‐rich element‐controlled gene expression at the mRNA level. With a combination of single‐molecule spectroscopy, computational biology, and molecular and cellular biochemistry, we show that mRNA recognition by HuR is dependent on the presentation of the sequence motif NNUUNNUUU in single‐stranded conformation. The presentation of the HuR binding site in the mRNA secondary structure appears to act analogously to a regulatory on/off switch that specifically controls HuR access to mRNAs in cis. Based on this finding we present a methodology for manipulating ARE mRNA levels by actuating this conformational switch specifically in a target mRNA. Computationally designed oligonucleotides (openers) enhance the NNUUNNUUU accessibility by rearranging the mRNA conformation. Thereby they increase in vitro and endogenous HuR–mRNA complex formation which leads to specific mRNA stabilization (as demonstrated for TNFα and IL‐2, respectively). Induced HuR binding both inside and outside the AU‐rich element promotes functional IL‐2 mRNA stabilization. This opener‐induced mRNA stabilization mimics the endogenous IL‐2 response to CD28 stimulation in human primary T‐cells. We therefore propose that controlled modulation of the AU‐rich element conformation by mRNA openers or closers allows message stabilization or destabilization in cis to be specifically triggered. The described methodology might provide a means for studying distinct pathways in a complex cellular network at the node of mRNA stability control. It allows ARE gene expression to be potentially silenced or boosted. This will be of particular value for drug‐target validation, allowing the diseased phenotype to ameliorate or deteriorate. Finally, the mRNA openers provide a rational starting point for target‐specific mRNA stability assays to screen for low‐molecular‐weight compounds acting as inhibitors or activators of an mRNA structure rearrangement.</div><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">An open‐and‐shut‐case. Control of mRNA stability by AU‐rich elements represents an essential level in the regulation of several thousand genes. We show that mRNA openers/closers provide a means for manipulating AU‐rich element‐controlled mRNA levels in cis. The figure illustrates the mode‐of‐action of the opener (red): by inducing a conformational switch in the mRNA secondary structure (blue), the positive regulator HuR (green) gains access to its binding site.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>mrna</json:string><json:string>biol</json:string><json:string>nnuunnuuu</json:string><json:string>binding site</json:string><json:string>tnfa</json:string><json:string>chem</json:string><json:string>oligonucleotides</json:string><json:string>chembiochem</json:string><json:string>weinheim</json:string><json:string>kgaa</json:string><json:string>gmbh</json:string><json:string>verlag</json:string><json:string>secondary structure</json:string><json:string>verlag gmbh</json:string><json:string>hybridization</json:string><json:string>furneaux</json:string><json:string>lysates</json:string><json:string>rna0</json:string><json:string>target mrna</json:string><json:string>nucleic acid</json:string><json:string>gorospe</json:string><json:string>hur0</json:string><json:string>modulators</json:string><json:string>computationally</json:string><json:string>datum</json:string><json:string>anisotropy</json:string><json:string>auer</json:string><json:string>opener oligonucleotides</json:string><json:string>mrna opener</json:string><json:string>pbmc</json:string><json:string>oncogene</json:string><json:string>opener</json:string><json:string>nucleic</json:string><json:string>rna</json:string><json:string>pathway</json:string><json:string>silanes</json:string><json:string>mrna level</json:string><json:string>complex formation</json:string><json:string>rmax</json:string><json:string>accessibility</json:string><json:string>mrna secondary structure</json:string><json:string>weinheim chembiochem</json:string><json:string>assay</json:string><json:string>drug discovery</json:string><json:string>binding motif</json:string><json:string>high affinity</json:string><json:string>endogenous</json:string><json:string>conformation</json:string><json:string>negative control</json:string><json:string>rmin rmax</json:string><json:string>nnuunnuuu motif</json:string><json:string>lysis buffer</json:string><json:string>england biolabs</json:string><json:string>system biology</json:string><json:string>affinity increase</json:string><json:string>thermodynamic probability</json:string><json:string>mrna degradation</json:string><json:string>mrna decay</json:string><json:string>mrna stabilization</json:string><json:string>room temperature</json:string><json:string>degradation</json:string><json:string>methodology</json:string><json:string>anisotropy measurement</json:string><json:string>cell lysates</json:string><json:string>accessibility hypothesis</json:string><json:string>consensus motif</json:string><json:string>anisotropy datum</json:string><json:string>apparent dissociation constant</json:string><json:string>gene expression</json:string><json:string>mrna stability modulators</json:string><json:string>conformational rearrangement</json:string><json:string>regulatory process</json:string><json:string>molecular probe</json:string><json:string>endogenous mrna</json:string><json:string>assay buffer</json:string><json:string>short oligonucleotides</json:string><json:string>molecular brightness</json:string><json:string>anisotropy signal</json:string><json:string>final concentration</json:string><json:string>mrna stability</json:string><json:string>stabilization</json:string><json:string>nucleotide</json:string><json:string>affinity</json:string><json:string>rmax anisotropy</json:string><json:string>mrna stability control</json:string><json:string>mrna conformation</json:string><json:string>nnuunnuuu element</json:string><json:string>strong evidence</json:string><json:string>rna0 concentration</json:string><json:string>high variation</json:string><json:string>nonlinear curve fitting</json:string><json:string>exemplary binding curve</json:string><json:string>binding experiment</json:string><json:string>cell biological proof</json:string><json:string>opener effect</json:string><json:string>detection limit</json:string><json:string>free energy</json:string><json:string>homology model</json:string><json:string>mrna association</json:string><json:string>computational biology</json:string><json:string>individual messenger</json:string><json:string>binding site accessibility</json:string><json:string>tnfa mrna</json:string><json:string>opener position</json:string><json:string>experimental testing</json:string><json:string>entire incubation time</json:string><json:string>functional mrna stabilization</json:string><json:string>nnuunnuuu sequence</json:string><json:string>apparent affinity</json:string><json:string>human pbmc lysates</json:string><json:string>time point</json:string><json:string>control reaction</json:string><json:string>monoclonal antibody</json:string><json:string>single mismatch</json:string><json:string>opener methodology</json:string><json:string>nnuunnuuu site</json:string><json:string>functional rna</json:string><json:string>target gene</json:string><json:string>standard protocol</json:string><json:string>complete loss</json:string><json:string>absorption spectroscopy</json:string><json:string>fusion protein</json:string><json:string>mrna recognition</json:string><json:string>distinct pathway</json:string><json:string>rmin anisotropy</json:string><json:string>confocal volume</json:string><json:string>true equilibrium condition</json:string><json:string>hene laser</json:string><json:string>fluorescence excitation</json:string><json:string>mrna stability modulators figure</json:string><json:string>gray bar</json:string><json:string>specific manipulation</json:string><json:string>total concentration</json:string><json:string>independent experiment</json:string><json:string>partition function</json:string><json:string>ensemble subset</json:string><json:string>structure element</json:string><json:string>ensemble free energy</json:string><json:string>amersham pharmacia</json:string><json:string>reciprocal dependence</json:string><json:string>sequence elongation</json:string><json:string>molecular switch</json:string><json:string>regulatory switch</json:string><json:string>homeodomain transcription factor</json:string><json:string>nucleic acid symp</json:string><json:string>evotec biosystems</json:string><json:string>feb lett</json:string><json:string>good agreement</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Nicole‐Claudia Meisner Mag.</name><affiliations><json:string>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jörg Hackermüller Mag.</name><affiliations><json:string>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</json:string><json:string>University of Vienna, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Structural Biology, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Volker Uhl Dr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>András Aszódi Dr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Markus Jaritz Dr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Manfred Auer Univ. Doz. Dr.</name><affiliations><json:string>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</json:string><json:string>E-mail: manfred.auer@pharma.novartis.com</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>AU‐rich elements</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>functional RNAs</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HuR</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>RNA recognition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>RNA structures</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>systems biology</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>CBIC200400219</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5</arkIstex><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Approximately 3 000 genes are regulated in a time‐, tissue‐, and stimulus‐dependent manner by degradation or stabilization of their mRNAs. The process is mediated by interaction of AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the mRNA's 3′‐untranslated regions with trans‐acting factors. AU‐rich element‐controlled genes of fundamentally different functional relevance depend for their activation on one positive regulator, HuR. Here we present a methodology to exploit this central regulatory process for specific manipulation of AU‐rich element‐controlled gene expression at the mRNA level. With a combination of single‐molecule spectroscopy, computational biology, and molecular and cellular biochemistry, we show that mRNA recognition by HuR is dependent on the presentation of the sequence motif NNUUNNUUU in single‐stranded conformation. The presentation of the HuR binding site in the mRNA secondary structure appears to act analogously to a regulatory on/off switch that specifically controls HuR access to mRNAs in cis. Based on this finding we present a methodology for manipulating ARE mRNA levels by actuating this conformational switch specifically in a target mRNA. Computationally designed oligonucleotides (openers) enhance the NNUUNNUUU accessibility by rearranging the mRNA conformation. Thereby they increase in vitro and endogenous HuR–mRNA complex formation which leads to specific mRNA stabilization (as demonstrated for TNFα and IL‐2, respectively). Induced HuR binding both inside and outside the AU‐rich element promotes functional IL‐2 mRNA stabilization. This opener‐induced mRNA stabilization mimics the endogenous IL‐2 response to CD28 stimulation in human primary T‐cells. We therefore propose that controlled modulation of the AU‐rich element conformation by mRNA openers or closers allows message stabilization or destabilization in cis to be specifically triggered. The described methodology might provide a means for studying distinct pathways in a complex cellular network at the node of mRNA stability control. It allows ARE gene expression to be potentially silenced or boosted. This will be of particular value for drug‐target validation, allowing the diseased phenotype to ameliorate or deteriorate. Finally, the mRNA openers provide a rational starting point for target‐specific mRNA stability assays to screen for low‐molecular‐weight compounds acting as inhibitors or activators of an mRNA structure rearrangement.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>10</score><pdfWordCount>11478</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>69760</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>16</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>595 x 842 pts (A4)</pdfPageSize><pdfWordsPerPage>717</pdfWordsPerPage><pdfText>true</pdfText><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>337</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>2438</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>6</keywordCount></qualityIndicators><title>mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title><pmid><json:string>15457527</json:string></pmid><genre><json:string>article</json:string></genre><host><title>ChemBioChem</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><doi><json:string>10.1002/(ISSN)1439-7633</json:string></doi><issn><json:string>1439-4227</json:string></issn><eissn><json:string>1439-7633</json:string></eissn><publisherId><json:string>CBIC</json:string></publisherId><volume>5</volume><issue>10</issue><pages><first>1432</first><last>1447</last><total>16</total></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><author><json:item><name>Harald Schwalbe</name></json:item><json:item><name>Günther Wess</name></json:item></author><subject><json:item><value>Full Paper</value></json:item></subject></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>2004</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Biotech</json:string><json:string>Novartis Institute for Biomedical Research Vienna</json:string><json:string>Biochem</json:string><json:string>University of Vienna Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Structural Biology</json:string><json:string>Biomedical Research Vienna Informatics and Knowledge</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>J. A. Collins</json:string><json:string>E. Suswam</json:string><json:string>Peter Stadler</json:string><json:string>L. E. Nagy</json:string><json:string>H. Holtmann</json:string><json:string>J. Fernandez</json:string><json:string>D. A. Dixon</json:string><json:string>V. Casolaro</json:string><json:string>W. Weichert</json:string><json:string>M. Kobel</json:string><json:string>M. Gorospe</json:string><json:string>Christoph Flamm</json:string><json:string>U. Mets</json:string><json:string>M. Kullmann</json:string><json:string>K. Resch</json:string><json:string>J. L. E. Dean</json:string><json:string>S. Yamashita</json:string><json:string>A. MuÇoz</json:string><json:string>M. C. J. Wilce</json:string><json:string>R. De Wachter</json:string><json:string>S. Saiki</json:string><json:string>F. Rodriguez-Pascal</json:string><json:string>H. Azmi</json:string><json:string>F. Kayama</json:string><json:string>I. Lloyd</json:string><json:string>E. S. Pizer</json:string><json:string>J. L. Childs</json:string><json:string>E. O’Connell</json:string><json:string>S. M. Prescott</json:string><json:string>P. De Rijk</json:string><json:string>S. Cheng</json:string><json:string>Y. Nagamine</json:string><json:string>K. Sakai</json:string><json:string>X. Guan</json:string><json:string>G. Corte</json:string><json:string>P. J. Santangelo</json:string><json:string>G. Stoecklin</json:string><json:string>D. Gasparutto</json:string><json:string>P. Jones</json:string><json:string>S. Galb</json:string><json:string>B. C. Jang</json:string><json:string>K. Subbaramaiah</json:string><json:string>U. Forstermann</json:string><json:string>K. van der Giessen</json:string><json:string>J. A. Steitz</json:string><json:string>T. J. Daly</json:string><json:string>K. Nagai</json:string><json:string>S. Chong</json:string><json:string>J. Cell</json:string><json:string>S. H. Hung</json:string><json:string>M. D. Snider</json:string><json:string>C. Chaix</json:string><json:string>D. Ullmann</json:string><json:string>C. O. Jacob</json:string><json:string>H. M. Furneaux</json:string><json:string>S. L. Curry</json:string><json:string>Marcus Rudin</json:string><json:string>M. T. Wu</json:string><json:string>I. Koch</json:string><json:string>K. Tang</json:string><json:string>D. Licht</json:string><json:string>Y. Kitagawa</json:string><json:string>D. Carling</json:string><json:string>Y. Komatsu</json:string><json:string>J. S. Malter</json:string><json:string>G. Gowrishankar</json:string><json:string>M. Eckrich</json:string><json:string>P. R. Bohjanen</json:string><json:string>M. C. Wilce</json:string><json:string>G. Assum</json:string><json:string>M. Tacker</json:string><json:string>W. Lendeckel</json:string><json:string>N. Xu</json:string><json:string>I. L. Hofacker</json:string><json:string>C. Campbell</json:string><json:string>W. Eberhardt</json:string><json:string>J. S. McCaskill</json:string><json:string>M. Caprara</json:string><json:string>A. Smith</json:string><json:string>A. M. Pyle</json:string><json:string>E. Clair</json:string><json:string>M. Lu</json:string><json:string>J. Sehouli</json:string><json:string>E. Ohtsuka</json:string><json:string>U. Certa</json:string><json:string>S. Capaccioli</json:string><json:string>C. Denkert</json:string><json:string>P. Kask</json:string><json:string>Y. Muto</json:string><json:string>K. H. Johnson</json:string><json:string>S. Nie</json:string><json:string>D. Morello</json:string><json:string>H. Cheng</json:string><json:string>R. R. Dighe</json:string><json:string>W. Fontana</json:string><json:string>D. M. Crothers</json:string><json:string>Manuel Peitsch</json:string><json:string>D. Chagnovich</json:string><json:string>J. Jungmann</json:string><json:string>F. M. Hamada</json:string><json:string>J. Decker</json:string><json:string>B. O. Palsson</json:string><json:string>X. Manival</json:string><json:string>A. Pende</json:string><json:string>S. Lon</json:string><json:string>Siegfried Hçfinger</json:string><json:string>A. Cuadrado</json:string><json:string>R. Manjithaya</json:string><json:string>M. Rossler</json:string><json:string>J. Wilusz</json:string><json:string>T. Tuschl</json:string><json:string>A. Nahvi</json:string><json:string>B. J. Morris</json:string><json:string>S. Bonhoeffer</json:string><json:string>M. C. Ceriani</json:string><json:string>R. Winzen</json:string><json:string>D. Scheuner</json:string><json:string>E. Lloyd</json:string><json:string>F. Gao</json:string><json:string>A. M. Duplaa</json:string><json:string>A. Nguyen</json:string><json:string>D. P. Bartel</json:string><json:string>D. E. Wolf</json:string><json:string>T. Bakheet</json:string><json:string>L. Zhou</json:string><json:string>B. Shyu</json:string><json:string>J. Pfeilschifter</json:string><json:string>A. Aszódi</json:string><json:string>S. DiMarco</json:string><json:string>N. Fay</json:string><json:string>S. Pest</json:string><json:string>S. J. Acton</json:string><json:string>Y. A. Chen</json:string><json:string>V. Uhl</json:string><json:string>F. Foufelle</json:string><json:string>N. Kazama</json:string><json:string>H. Mangs</json:string><json:string>C. Francklyn</json:string><json:string>I. Ihrig-Biedert</json:string><json:string>M. L. Abelson</json:string><json:string>Y. Arao</json:string><json:string>E. A. Kennington</json:string><json:string>V. J. Cristofalo</json:string><json:string>J. Gower</json:string><json:string>L. Harkins</json:string><json:string>A. M. Denli</json:string><json:string>J. Physiol</json:string><json:string>I. Lafon</json:string><json:string>R. L. Robison</json:string><json:string>J. H. Paik</json:string><json:string>K. Palo</json:string><json:string>M. F. Czyzyk-Krzeska</json:string><json:string>D. M. Gray</json:string><json:string>K. Zanier</json:string><json:string>J. Haeusler</json:string><json:string>Markus Jaritz</json:string><json:string>P. J. Leedman</json:string><json:string>P. V. Dasaradhi</json:string><json:string>A. Prediction</json:string><json:string>H. Liu</json:string><json:string>M. Saiki</json:string><json:string>O. Nureki</json:string><json:string>R. K. Bhatnagar</json:string><json:string>B. Gross</json:string><json:string>D. Hutter</json:string><json:string>R. H. Schwartz</json:string><json:string>R. R. Breaker</json:string><json:string>M. J. Johnson</json:string><json:string>Ivan Lindley</json:string><json:string>M. Tierney</json:string><json:string>C. Chang</json:string><json:string>C. Lachance</json:string><json:string>C. M. Brennan</json:string><json:string>P. Zhou</json:string><json:string>A. M. Thomson</json:string><json:string>S. Hauptmann</json:string><json:string>J. E. Lever</json:string><json:string>C. Stellato</json:string><json:string>C. Ilengo</json:string><json:string>H. Furneauxb</json:string><json:string>S. Yokoyama</json:string><json:string>J. E. Barrick</json:string><json:string>N. Perrone-Bizzozero</json:string><json:string>L. Hengst</json:string><json:string>M. Mandal</json:string><json:string>J. Mol</json:string><json:string>I. Raineri</json:string><json:string>A. M. Striebel</json:string><json:string>N. N. Nguyen</json:string><json:string>J. Hackermüller</json:string><json:string>A. Roth</json:string><json:string>Y. Seko</json:string><json:string>B. R. G. Williams</json:string><json:string>S. Sengupta</json:string><json:string>F. Maurer</json:string><json:string>S. C. Gill</json:string><json:string>R. G. Jain</json:string><json:string>L. van der Weyden</json:string><json:string>G. E. Muscat</json:string><json:string>A. Gouble</json:string><json:string>T. P. Marmao</json:string><json:string>I. Yaman</json:string><json:string>B. Boese</json:string><json:string>N. J. Holbrook</json:string><json:string>C. Abraham</json:string><json:string>C. Fragments</json:string><json:string>W. Vogel</json:string><json:string>A. P. Levy</json:string><json:string>G. Brewer</json:string><json:string>S. Chung</json:string><json:string>Goodchild</json:string><json:string>P. J. Blackshear</json:string><json:string>J. Fan</json:string><json:string>W. Krone</json:string><json:string>N. Holbrook</json:string><json:string>Frank Kalthoff</json:string><json:string>A. E. Sexton</json:string><json:string>D. H. Turner</json:string><json:string>G. Varani</json:string><json:string>G. Y. Gillespie</json:string><json:string>D. Radzioch</json:string><json:string>J. McNabb</json:string><json:string>B. R. Williams</json:string><json:string>A. E. Koromilas</json:string><json:string>K. S. A. Khabar</json:string><json:string>Ivo Hofacker</json:string><json:string>S. K. Lee</json:string><json:string>S. N. Georas</json:string><json:string>A. C. Pellett</json:string><json:string>D. G. Hardie</json:string><json:string>B. Siewe</json:string><json:string>J. Watson</json:string><json:string>L. Ghisolfi-Nieto</json:string><json:string>M. Dietel</json:string><json:string>S. Raghavan</json:string><json:string>M. Poiret</json:string><json:string>M. Hausding</json:string><json:string>S. L. Cohn</json:string><json:string>A. J. Dannenberg</json:string><json:string>G. A. Zimmerman</json:string><json:string>M. Frevel</json:string><json:string>L. P. Ford</json:string><json:string>B. C. Blaxall</json:string><json:string>J. D. Port</json:string><json:string>H. Lim</json:string><json:string>R. K. McCulloch</json:string><json:string>D. Cooper</json:string><json:string>I. Dunsmore</json:string><json:string>K. M. McGowan</json:string><json:string>E. C. Breen</json:string><json:string>M. Zhan</json:string><json:string>R. Looser</json:string><json:string>E. Cocuzzi</json:string><json:string>J. R. Lakowicz</json:string><json:string>A. Huwiler</json:string><json:string>X. C. Fan</json:string><json:string>T. Herget</json:string><json:string>J. Immunol</json:string><json:string>U. Gopfert</json:string><json:string>Y. Shimura</json:string><json:string>S. Furer-Galban</json:string><json:string>N. Redich</json:string><json:string>J. A. Jazayeri</json:string><json:string>E. G. Hanania</json:string><json:string>K. Nobuoka</json:string><json:string>P. Loflin</json:string><json:string>X. Wang</json:string><json:string>L. G. Andrews</json:string><json:string>G. Hirose</json:string><json:string>N. D. Tolley</json:string><json:string>Y. Huang</json:string><json:string>S. M. Elbashir</json:string><json:string>D. T. Kohn</json:string><json:string>H. Sakamoto</json:string><json:string>K. S. Khabar</json:string><json:string>G. Kim</json:string><json:string>J. Haeussler</json:string><json:string>R. Teoule</json:string><json:string>G. Sasaki</json:string><json:string>J. Pschorr</json:string><json:string>S. Wada</json:string><json:string>J. Clin</json:string><json:string>J. D. Powell</json:string><json:string>S. J. Cok</json:string><json:string>J. Goodchild</json:string><json:string>M. Karin</json:string><json:string>F. Bollig</json:string><json:string>S. Galban</json:string><json:string>J. Wuyts</json:string><json:string>P. Bouvet</json:string><json:string>A. R. Morrison</json:string><json:string>G. Bao</json:string><json:string>H. Kleinert</json:string><json:string>P. Briata</json:string><json:string>D. Patel</json:string><json:string>S. A. Scaringe</json:string><json:string>M. H. Abdelwahab</json:string><json:string>A. Lal</json:string><json:string>C. von Kobbe</json:string><json:string>M. Hatzoglou</json:string><json:string>G. Strassmann</json:string><json:string>A. A. Komar</json:string><json:string>T. Hla</json:string><json:string>M. R. Koller</json:string><json:string>A. Reles</json:string><json:string>J. Shim</json:string><json:string>P. H. King</json:string><json:string>S. C. Wu</json:string><json:string>M. Sattler</json:string><json:string>P. H. von Hippel</json:string><json:string>I. Luyten</json:string><json:string>J. Guo</json:string><json:string>J. A. Ragheb</json:string><json:string>K. A. LeCuyer</json:string><json:string>A. Figueroa</json:string><json:string>C. F. Manohar</json:string><json:string>D. J. Adams</json:string><json:string>A. Wright</json:string><json:string>G. Tunnicliffe-Wilson</json:string><json:string>S. Yasuda</json:string><json:string>X. Yang</json:string><json:string>M. Erard</json:string><json:string>M. Kogawa</json:string><json:string>S. Katayama</json:string><json:string>C. R. Miller</json:string><json:string>S. Esnault</json:string><json:string>R. Fariss</json:string><json:string>P. D. Zamore</json:string><json:string>J. Hauber</json:string><json:string>M. R. McMullen</json:string><json:string>F. Carballes</json:string><json:string>D. Wegmueller</json:string><json:string>X. F. Ming</json:string><json:string>G. M. Wilson</json:string><json:string>R. J. Kaufman</json:string><json:string>J. R. Rusche</json:string><json:string>C. Caldwell</json:string><json:string>P. D. Wagner</json:string><json:string>N. Agrawal</json:string><json:string>T. M. McIntyre</json:string><json:string>Z. Zhao</json:string><json:string>P. P. Pekala</json:string><json:string>R. Gherzi</json:string><json:string>N. Nitin</json:string><json:string>M. G. Rosenfeld</json:string><json:string>J. P. Vivian</json:string><json:string>Y. Peng</json:string><json:string>D. J. Beveridge</json:string><json:string>J. M. Daly</json:string><json:string>P. Schuster</json:string><json:string>P. Z. Qin</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Austria</json:string><json:string>Hel</json:string><json:string>Moroni</json:string><json:string>Vienna</json:string><json:string>Basel</json:string><json:string>York</json:string><json:string>Goldberg</json:string></placeName><ref_url><json:string>http://www.cyntellect.com</json:string></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>[113]</json:string><json:string>[45]</json:string><json:string>[102]</json:string><json:string>[29]</json:string><json:string>[6]</json:string><json:string>[60]</json:string><json:string>[44]</json:string><json:string>[107, 108]</json:string><json:string>[1]</json:string><json:string>M. Auer et al. [6]</json:string><json:string>[43]</json:string><json:string>De Silanes et al.[12]</json:string><json:string>[15]</json:string><json:string>[9, 90]</json:string><json:string>[79, 80]</json:string><json:string>[30]</json:string><json:string>[7]</json:string><json:string>[47]</json:string><json:string>[62]</json:string><json:string>[116]</json:string><json:string>[68]</json:string><json:string>[7, 99]</json:string><json:string>[51, 52]</json:string><json:string>M. Auer et al.</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - chemistry, medicinal</json:string><json:string>2 - biochemistry & molecular biology</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - natural sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - chemistry</json:string><json:string>3 - organic chemistry</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Physical Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Chemistry</json:string><json:string>3 - Organic Chemistry</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</json:string><json:string>3 - Molecular Biology</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</json:string><json:string>3 - Molecular Medicine</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</json:string><json:string>3 - Biochemistry</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2004</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2004</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1002/cbic.200400219</json:string></doi><id>17954C8F7D353F8E89EB4EFFCCF123090FC5D998</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><availability><licence>Copyright © 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2004-10-04"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Nicole‐Claudia</forename><surname>Meisner</surname><roleName type="degree">Mag.</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna</orgName><address><addrLine>Discovery Technologies</addrLine><addrLine>Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</addrLine><country key="AT" xml:lang="en">AUSTRIA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Jörg</forename><surname>Hackermüller</surname><roleName type="degree">Mag.</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna</orgName><orgName type="institution">Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR</orgName><address><addrLine>In Silico Sciences</addrLine><addrLine>Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</addrLine><country key="AT" xml:lang="en">AUSTRIA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">University of Vienna</orgName><orgName type="institution">Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Structural Biology</orgName><address><addrLine>Währingerstraße 17</addrLine><addrLine>1090 Vienna, Austria</addrLine><country key="AT" xml:lang="en">AUSTRIA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Volker</forename><surname>Uhl</surname><roleName type="degree">Dr.</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna</orgName><address><addrLine>Discovery Technologies</addrLine><addrLine>Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</addrLine><country key="AT" xml:lang="en">AUSTRIA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">András</forename><surname>Aszódi</surname><roleName type="degree">Dr.</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna</orgName><orgName type="institution">Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR</orgName><address><addrLine>In Silico Sciences</addrLine><addrLine>Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</addrLine><country key="AT" xml:lang="en">AUSTRIA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Markus</forename><surname>Jaritz</surname><roleName type="degree">Dr.</roleName></persName><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna</orgName><orgName type="institution">Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR</orgName><address><addrLine>In Silico Sciences</addrLine><addrLine>Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</addrLine><country key="AT" xml:lang="en">AUSTRIA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Manfred</forename><surname>Auer</surname><roleName type="degree">Univ. Doz. Dr.</roleName></persName><email>manfred.auer@pharma.novartis.com</email><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna</orgName><address><addrLine>Discovery Technologies</addrLine><addrLine>Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</addrLine><country key="AT" xml:lang="en">AUSTRIA</country></address></affiliation></author><idno type="istex">17954C8F7D353F8E89EB4EFFCCF123090FC5D998</idno><idno type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/cbic.200400219</idno><idno type="unit">CBIC200400219</idno><idno type="toTypesetVersion">file:CBIC.CBIC200400219.pdf</idno></analytic><monogr><editor xml:id="editor-0000"><persName><forename type="first">Harald</forename><surname>Schwalbe</surname></persName></editor><editor xml:id="editor-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Günther</forename><surname>Wess</surname></persName></editor><title level="j" type="main">ChemBioChem</title><title level="j" type="sub">Systems Biology & Chemistry</title><title level="j" type="alt">CHEMBIOCHEM</title><idno type="pISSN">1439-4227</idno><idno type="eISSN">1439-7633</idno><idno type="book-DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1439-7633</idno><idno type="book-part-DOI">10.1002/cbic.v5:10</idno><idno type="product">CBIC</idno><imprint><biblScope unit="vol">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1432">1432</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1447">1447</biblScope><biblScope unit="page-count">16</biblScope><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2004-10-04"></date></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><encodingDesc><schemaRef type="ODD" url="https://xml-schema.delivery.istex.fr/tei-istex.odd"></schemaRef><appInfo><application ident="pub2tei" version="1.0.10" when="2019-12-20"><label>pub2TEI-ISTEX</label><desc>A set of style sheets for converting XML documents encoded in various scientific publisher formats into a common TEI format.
<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head><p><hi rend="italic">Approximately 3 000 genes are regulated in a time‐, tissue‐, and stimulus‐dependent manner by degradation or stabilization of their mRNAs. The process is mediated by interaction of AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the mRNA's 3′‐untranslated regions with</hi> trans<hi rend="italic">‐acting factors. AU‐rich element‐controlled genes of fundamentally different functional relevance depend for their activation on one positive regulator, HuR. Here we present a methodology to exploit this central regulatory process for specific manipulation of AU‐rich element‐controlled gene expression at the mRNA level. With a combination of single‐molecule spectroscopy, computational biology, and molecular and cellular biochemistry, we show that mRNA recognition by HuR is dependent on the presentation of the sequence motif NNUUNNUUU in single‐stranded conformation. The presentation of the HuR binding site in the mRNA secondary structure appears to act analogously to a regulatory on/off switch that specifically controls HuR access to mRNAs in cis. Based on this finding we present a methodology for manipulating ARE mRNA levels by actuating this conformational switch specifically in a target mRNA. Computationally designed oligonucleotides (</hi>openers<hi rend="italic">) enhance the NNUUNNUUU accessibility by rearranging the mRNA conformation. Thereby they increase in vitro and endogenous HuR–mRNA complex formation which leads to specific mRNA stabilization (as demonstrated for TNFα and IL‐2, respectively). Induced HuR binding both inside and outside the AU‐rich element promotes functional IL‐2 mRNA stabilization. This opener‐induced mRNA stabilization mimics the endogenous IL‐2 response to CD28 stimulation in human primary T‐cells. We therefore propose that controlled modulation of the AU‐rich element conformation by mRNA openers or closers allows message stabilization or destabilization in cis to be specifically triggered. The described methodology might provide a means for studying distinct pathways in a complex cellular network at the node of mRNA stability control. It allows ARE gene expression to be potentially silenced or boosted. This will be of particular value for drug‐target validation, allowing the diseased phenotype to ameliorate or deteriorate. Finally, the mRNA openers provide a rational starting point for target‐specific mRNA stability assays to screen for low‐molecular‐weight compounds acting as inhibitors or activators of an mRNA structure rearrangement.</hi></p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" style="graphical"><p><hi rend="bold">An open‐and‐shut‐case</hi>. Control of mRNA stability by AU‐rich elements represents an essential level in the regulation of several thousand genes. We show that mRNA openers/closers provide a means for manipulating AU‐rich element‐controlled mRNA levels in cis. The figure illustrates the mode‐of‐action of the opener (red): by inducing a conformational switch in the mRNA secondary structure (blue), the positive regulator HuR (green) gains access to its binding site.<figure type="box"><media mimeType="image" url="urn:x-wiley:14394227:media:CBIC200400219:content"></media><media mimeType="image/gif" url="" rendition="webLoRes"></media><media mimeType="image/gif" url="" rendition="webOriginal"></media><media mimeType="image/gif" url="" rendition="webHiRes"></media></figure></p></abstract><textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="kwd1">AU‐rich elements</term><term xml:id="kwd2">functional RNAs</term><term xml:id="kwd3">HuR</term><term xml:id="kwd4">RNA recognition</term><term xml:id="kwd5">RNA structures</term><term xml:id="kwd6">systems biology</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Full Paper</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2019-12-20" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisherName><publisherLoc>Weinheim</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1439-7633</doi><issn type="print">1439-4227</issn><issn type="electronic">1439-7633</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="CBIC"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="CHEMBIOCHEM">ChemBioChem</title><title type="short">ChemBioChem</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="100"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cbic.v5:10</doi><titleGroup><title type="specialIssueTitle">Systems Biology & Chemistry</title></titleGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="5">5</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">10</numbering></numberingGroup><creators><creator xml:id="sped1" creatorRole="sponsoringEditor"><personName><givenNames>Harald</givenNames><familyName>Schwalbe</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="sped2" creatorRole="sponsoringEditor"><personName><givenNames>Günther</givenNames><familyName>Wess</familyName></personName></creator></creators><coverDate startDate="2004-10-04">October 4, 2004</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="14" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/cbic.200400219</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="CBIC200400219"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="16"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Full Paper</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptReceived" date="2004-06-30"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2004-09-29"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2004-09-29"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.4.6 mode:FullText mathml2tex" date="2011-02-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-01-08"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-15"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">1432</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">1447</numbering></numberingGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:CBIC.CBIC200400219.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="12"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="116"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#aa" noteRef="#np"><personName><givenNames>Nicole‐Claudia</givenNames><familyName>Meisner</familyName><degrees>Mag.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ab #ac" noteRef="#np"><personName><givenNames>Jörg</givenNames><familyName>Hackermüller</familyName><degrees>Mag.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#aa"><personName><givenNames>Volker</givenNames><familyName>Uhl</familyName><degrees>Dr.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ab"><personName><givenNames>András</givenNames><familyName>Aszódi</familyName><degrees>Dr.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#ab"><personName><givenNames>Markus</givenNames><familyName>Jaritz</familyName><degrees>Dr.</degrees></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#aa"><personName><givenNames>Manfred</givenNames><familyName>Auer</familyName><degrees>Univ. Doz. Dr.</degrees></personName><contactDetails><email>manfred.auer@pharma.novartis.com</email></contactDetails></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="aa" countryCode="AT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="ab" countryCode="AT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="ac" countryCode="AT" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>University of Vienna, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Structural Biology, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">AU‐rich elements</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">functional RNAs</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">HuR</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4">RNA recognition</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">RNA structures</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">systems biology</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p><i>Approximately 3 000 genes are regulated in a time‐, tissue‐, and stimulus‐dependent manner by degradation or stabilization of their mRNAs. The process is mediated by interaction of AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the mRNA's 3′‐untranslated regions with</i> trans<i>‐acting factors. AU‐rich element‐controlled genes of fundamentally different functional relevance depend for their activation on one positive regulator, HuR. Here we present a methodology to exploit this central regulatory process for specific manipulation of AU‐rich element‐controlled gene expression at the mRNA level. With a combination of single‐molecule spectroscopy, computational biology, and molecular and cellular biochemistry, we show that mRNA recognition by HuR is dependent on the presentation of the sequence motif NNUUNNUUU in single‐stranded conformation. The presentation of the HuR binding site in the mRNA secondary structure appears to act analogously to a regulatory on/off switch that specifically controls HuR access to mRNAs in cis. Based on this finding we present a methodology for manipulating ARE mRNA levels by actuating this conformational switch specifically in a target mRNA. Computationally designed oligonucleotides (</i>openers<i>) enhance the NNUUNNUUU accessibility by rearranging the mRNA conformation. Thereby they increase in vitro and endogenous HuR–mRNA complex formation which leads to specific mRNA stabilization (as demonstrated for TNFα and IL‐2, respectively). Induced HuR binding both inside and outside the AU‐rich element promotes functional IL‐2 mRNA stabilization. This opener‐induced mRNA stabilization mimics the endogenous IL‐2 response to CD28 stimulation in human primary T‐cells. We therefore propose that controlled modulation of the AU‐rich element conformation by mRNA openers or closers allows message stabilization or destabilization in cis to be specifically triggered. The described methodology might provide a means for studying distinct pathways in a complex cellular network at the node of mRNA stability control. It allows ARE gene expression to be potentially silenced or boosted. This will be of particular value for drug‐target validation, allowing the diseased phenotype to ameliorate or deteriorate. Finally, the mRNA openers provide a rational starting point for target‐specific mRNA stability assays to screen for low‐molecular‐weight compounds acting as inhibitors or activators of an mRNA structure rearrangement.</i></p></abstract><abstract type="graphical" xml:lang="en"><p><b>An open‐and‐shut‐case</b>. Control of mRNA stability by AU‐rich elements represents an essential level in the regulation of several thousand genes. We show that mRNA openers/closers provide a means for manipulating AU‐rich element‐controlled mRNA levels in cis. The figure illustrates the mode‐of‐action of the opener (red): by inducing a conformational switch in the mRNA secondary structure (blue), the positive regulator HuR (green) gains access to its binding site.<blockFixed type="graphic"><mediaResourceGroup><mediaResource alt="image" eRights="yes" copyright="WILEY-VCH" href="urn:x-wiley:14394227:media:CBIC200400219:content"></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="thumbnail image" rendition="webLoRes" mimeType="image/gif" href=""></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="original image" rendition="webOriginal" mimeType="image/gif" href=""></mediaResource><mediaResource alt="magnified image" rendition="webHiRes" mimeType="image/gif" href=""></mediaResource></mediaResourceGroup></blockFixed></p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="np"><p>These authors contributed equally to this work</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Nicole‐Claudia</namePart><namePart type="family">Meisner</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Mag.</namePart><affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</affiliation><description>These authors contributed equally to this work</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jörg</namePart><namePart type="family">Hackermüller</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Mag.</namePart><affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</affiliation><affiliation>University of Vienna, Institute for Theoretical Chemistry and Molecular Structural Biology, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Vienna, Austria</affiliation><description>These authors contributed equally to this work</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Volker</namePart><namePart type="family">Uhl</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">András</namePart><namePart type="family">Aszódi</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Markus</namePart><namePart type="family">Jaritz</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Dr.</namePart><affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Informatics and Knowledge Management at NIBR, In Silico Sciences, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Manfred</namePart><namePart type="family">Auer</namePart><namePart type="termsOfAddress">Univ. Doz. Dr.</namePart><affiliation>Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Vienna, Discovery Technologies, Innovative Screening Technologies, Brunnerstraße 59, 1235 Vienna, Austria, Fax: (+43) 186‐634‐593</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: manfred.auer@pharma.novartis.com</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Weinheim</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2004-10-04</dateIssued><dateCaptured encoding="w3cdtf">2004-06-30</dateCaptured><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2004</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">12</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">116</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Approximately 3 000 genes are regulated in a time‐, tissue‐, and stimulus‐dependent manner by degradation or stabilization of their mRNAs. The process is mediated by interaction of AU‐rich elements (AREs) in the mRNA's 3′‐untranslated regions with trans‐acting factors. AU‐rich element‐controlled genes of fundamentally different functional relevance depend for their activation on one positive regulator, HuR. Here we present a methodology to exploit this central regulatory process for specific manipulation of AU‐rich element‐controlled gene expression at the mRNA level. With a combination of single‐molecule spectroscopy, computational biology, and molecular and cellular biochemistry, we show that mRNA recognition by HuR is dependent on the presentation of the sequence motif NNUUNNUUU in single‐stranded conformation. The presentation of the HuR binding site in the mRNA secondary structure appears to act analogously to a regulatory on/off switch that specifically controls HuR access to mRNAs in cis. Based on this finding we present a methodology for manipulating ARE mRNA levels by actuating this conformational switch specifically in a target mRNA. Computationally designed oligonucleotides (openers) enhance the NNUUNNUUU accessibility by rearranging the mRNA conformation. Thereby they increase in vitro and endogenous HuR–mRNA complex formation which leads to specific mRNA stabilization (as demonstrated for TNFα and IL‐2, respectively). Induced HuR binding both inside and outside the AU‐rich element promotes functional IL‐2 mRNA stabilization. This opener‐induced mRNA stabilization mimics the endogenous IL‐2 response to CD28 stimulation in human primary T‐cells. We therefore propose that controlled modulation of the AU‐rich element conformation by mRNA openers or closers allows message stabilization or destabilization in cis to be specifically triggered. The described methodology might provide a means for studying distinct pathways in a complex cellular network at the node of mRNA stability control. It allows ARE gene expression to be potentially silenced or boosted. This will be of particular value for drug‐target validation, allowing the diseased phenotype to ameliorate or deteriorate. Finally, the mRNA openers provide a rational starting point for target‐specific mRNA stability assays to screen for low‐molecular‐weight compounds acting as inhibitors or activators of an mRNA structure rearrangement.</abstract><abstract type="graphical" lang="en">An open‐and‐shut‐case. Control of mRNA stability by AU‐rich elements represents an essential level in the regulation of several thousand genes. We show that mRNA openers/closers provide a means for manipulating AU‐rich element‐controlled mRNA levels in cis. The figure illustrates the mode‐of‐action of the opener (red): by inducing a conformational switch in the mRNA secondary structure (blue), the positive regulator HuR (green) gains access to its binding site.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>AU‐rich elements</topic><topic>functional RNAs</topic><topic>HuR</topic><topic>RNA recognition</topic><topic>RNA structures</topic><topic>systems biology</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>ChemBioChem</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>ChemBioChem</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Harald</namePart><namePart type="family">Schwalbe</namePart></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Günther</namePart><namePart type="family">Wess</namePart></name><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Full Paper</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1439-4227</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1439-7633</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1439-7633</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">CBIC</identifier><part><date>2004</date><detail type="title"><title>Systems Biology & Chemistry</title></detail><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>5</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1432</start><end>1447</end><total>16</total></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit1"><titleInfo><title>Cell. Mol. Life Sci.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">C. M. Brennan, J. A. Steitz, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 2001, 58, 266–277.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Brennan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Steitz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>58</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>266</start><end>277</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit2"><titleInfo><title>J. Cell. Physiol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. Bevilacqua, M. C. Ceriani, S. Capaccioli, A. Nicolin, J. Cell. Physiol. 2003, 195, 356–372.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bevilacqua</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ceriani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Capaccioli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nicolin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>195</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>356</start><end>372</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit3"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">T. Bakheet, M. Frevel, B. R. G. Williams, W. Greer, K. S. A. Khabar, Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29, 246–254.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bakheet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Frevel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B. R. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Greer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. S. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Khabar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>246</start><end>254</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit4"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">N. S. Levy, S. Chung, H. Furneaux, A. P. Levy, J. Biol. Chem. 1998, 273, 6417–6423.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Levy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Levy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>273</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6417</start><end>6423</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit5"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">J. L. E. Dean, R. Wait, K. R. Mahtani, G. Sully, A. Clark, J. Saklatvala, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001, 21, 721–730.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. L. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dean</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wait</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mahtani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sully</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Clark</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Saklatvala</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>721</start><end>730</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit6"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W. Wang, H. Furneaux, H. Cheng, C. Caldwell, D. Hutter, Y. Liu, N. Holbrook, M. Gorospe, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2000, 20, 760–769.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Caldwell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hutter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Holbrook</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>20</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>760</start><end>769</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit7"><titleInfo><title>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. Mazan‐Mamczarz, S. Galbán, I. López de Silanes, J. L. Martindale, U. Atasoy, J. D. Keene, M. Gorospe, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2003, 100, 8354–8359.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mazan‐Mamczarz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Galbán</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">López de Silanes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Martindale</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Atasoy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Keene</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>100</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8354</start><end>8359</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit8"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">F. Rodriguez‐Pascal, M. Hausding, I. Ihrig‐Biedert, H. Furneaux, A. P. Levy, U. Förstermann, H. Kleinert, J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 26 040–26 049.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rodriguez‐Pascal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hausding</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ihrig‐Biedert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Levy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Förstermann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>26 040</start><end>26 049</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit9"><titleInfo><title>EMBO J.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W. Wang, C. Caldwell, S. Lon, H. Furneaux, M. Gorospe, EMBO J. 2000, 19, 2340–2350.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Caldwell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2340</start><end>2350</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit10"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">C. Y. Chen, N. Xu, A. B. Shyu, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002, 22, 7268–7278.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shyu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7268</start><end>7278</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit11"><titleInfo><title>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. Kask, K. Palo, D. Ullmann, K. Gall, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 13 756–13 761.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kask</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Palo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ullmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>96</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>13 756</start><end>13 761</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit12"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">I. López de Silanes, J. Fan, X. Yang, A. B. Zonderman, O. Potapova, E. S. Pizer, M. Gorospe, Oncogene 2003, 22, 7146–7154.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">López de Silanes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zonderman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Potapova</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pizer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7146</start><end>7154</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit13"><titleInfo><title>EMBO J.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">V. E. Myer, X. C. Fan, J. A. Steitz, EMBO J. 1997, 16, 2130–2139.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Myer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Steitz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2130</start><end>2139</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit14"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">B. B. Yeap, D. C. Voon, J. P. Vivian, R. K. McCulloch, A. M. Thomson, K. M. Giles, M. F. Czyzyk‐Krzeska, H. Furneaux, M. C. J. Wilce, J. A. Wilce, P. J. Leedman, J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 27 183–27 192.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yeap</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Voon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vivian</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. K.</namePart><namePart type="family">McCulloch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Giles</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Czyzyk‐Krzeska</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. C. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilce</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilce</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leedman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>277</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>27 183</start><end>27 192</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit15"><titleInfo><title>Nat. Struct. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">X. Wang, T. M. Tanaka Hall, Nat. Struct. Biol. 2001, 8, 141–145.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T. M. Tanaka</namePart><namePart type="family">Hall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>141</start><end>145</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit16"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">N. Xu, C. Y. Chen, A. B. Shyu, Mol. Cell. Biol. 1997, 17, 4611–4621.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shyu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4611</start><end>4621</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit17"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">N. Handa, O. Nureki, K. Kurimoto, I. Kim, H. Sakamoto, Y. Shimura, Y. Muto, S. Yokoyama, Nature 1999, 398, 579–585.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Handa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nureki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kurimoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakamoto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shimura</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Muto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yokoyama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>398</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>579</start><end>585</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit18"><titleInfo><title>Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">G. Varani, K. Nagai, Annu. Rev. Biophys. Biomol. Struct. 1998, 27, 407–445.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Varani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nagai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>407</start><end>445</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit19"><titleInfo><title>Science</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Z. Liu, I. Luyten, M. J. Bottomley, A. C. Messias, S. Houngninou‐Molango, R. Sprangers, K. Zanier, A. Kramer, M. Sattler, Science 2001, 294, 1098–1102.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z.</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Luyten</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bottomley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Messias</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Houngninou‐Molango</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sprangers</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zanier</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kramer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sattler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>294</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1098</start><end>1102</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit20"><titleInfo><title>D. Cooper, I. Dunsmore, J. Gower, P. Jones, I. Lloyd, E. O'Connell, A. Smith, G. Tunnicliffe‐Wilson, D. Warren, J. Whittaker in Statistics Part B, Vol. VI (Eds.: E. Lloyd), Wiley, New York, 1984, pp. 689–725.</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">D. Cooper, I. Dunsmore, J. Gower, P. Jones, I. Lloyd, E. O'Connell, A. Smith, G. Tunnicliffe‐Wilson, D. Warren, J. Whittaker in Statistics Part B, Vol. VI (Eds.: E. Lloyd), Wiley, New York, 1984, pp. 689–725.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cooper</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dunsmore</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gower</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jones</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lloyd</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">O'Connell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Smith</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tunnicliffe‐Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Warren</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Whittaker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Wiley</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1984</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>VI</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>689</start><end>725</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit21"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. Raghavan, R. L. Robison, J. McNabb, C. R. Miller, D. A. Williams, P. R. Bohjanen, J. Biol. Chem. 2001, 276, 47 958–47 965.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Raghavan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Robison</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">McNabb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Miller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bohjanen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>276</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>47 958</start><end>47 965</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit22"><titleInfo><title>Genes Dev.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">L. P. Ford, J. Watson, J. D. Keene, J. Wilusz, Genes Dev. 1999, 13, 188–201.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ford</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Watson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Keene</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilusz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>13</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>188</start><end>201</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit23"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">H. Tran, F. Maurer, Y. Nagamine, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 23, 7177–7188.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tran</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maurer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nagamine</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7177</start><end>7188</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit24"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W.‐J. Ma, S. Chung, H. Furneaux, Nucleic Acids Res. 1997, 25, 3564–3569.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.‐J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3564</start><end>3569</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit25"><titleInfo><title>Eur. J. Biochem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">G. Wein, M. Rossler, R. Klug, T. Herget, Eur. J. Biochem. 2003, 270, 350–365.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wein</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rossler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Klug</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Herget</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>270</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>350</start><end>365</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit26"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Y. Seko, H. Azmi, R. Fariss, J. A. Ragheb, J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 33 359–33 367.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Seko</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Azmi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fariss</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ragheb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>279</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>33 359</start><end>33 367</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit27"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Z. Zhao, F.‐C. Chang, H. Furneaux, Nucleic Acids Res. 2000, 28, 2695–2701.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.‐C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2695</start><end>2701</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit28"><titleInfo><title>Genes Dev.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">M. Kullmann, U. Gopfert, B. Siewe, L. Hengst, Genes Dev. 2002, 16, 3087–3099.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kullmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gopfert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Siewe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hengst</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3087</start><end>3099</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit29"><titleInfo><title>J. Immunol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">C. O. Jacob, S. K. Lee, G. Strassmann, J. Immunol. 1996, 156, 3043–3050.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jacob</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Strassmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>156</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3043</start><end>3050</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit30"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. Di Marco, Z. Hel, C. Lachance, H. Furneaux, D. Radzioch, Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29, 863–871.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Di Marco</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lachance</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Radzioch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>863</start><end>871</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit31"><titleInfo><title>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. A. LeCuyer, D. M. Crothers, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1994, 91, 3373–3377.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">LeCuyer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Crothers</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>91</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3373</start><end>3377</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit32"><titleInfo><title>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">J. L. Childs, M. D. Disney, D. H. Turner, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2002, 99, 11 091–11 096.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Childs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Disney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Turner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>99</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>11 091</start><end>11 096</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit33"><titleInfo><title>Biol. Pharm. Bull.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Y. Komatsu, Biol. Pharm. Bull. 2004, 27, 457–462.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Komatsu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>457</start><end>462</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit34"><titleInfo><title>J. Mol. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Y. Komatsu, S. Yamashita, N. Kazama, K. Nobuoka, E. Ohtsuka, J. Mol. Biol. 2000, 299, 1231–1243.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Komatsu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yamashita</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kazama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nobuoka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ohtsuka</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>299</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1231</start><end>1243</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit35"><titleInfo><title>Biochemistry</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">T. A. Perkins, D. E. Wolf, J. Goodchild, Biochemistry 1996, 35, 16 370–16 377.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Perkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wolf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goodchild</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>35</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>16 370</start><end>16 377</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit36"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. J. Blackshear, W. S. Lai, E. A. Kennington, G. Brewer, G. M. Wilson, X. Guan, P. Zhou, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 19 947–19 955.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Blackshear</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kennington</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Brewer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Guan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19 947</start><end>19 955</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit37"><titleInfo><title>Immunol. Rev.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">J. D. Powell, J. A. Ragheb, S. Kitagawa‐Sakakida, R. H. Schwartz, Immunol. Rev. 1998, 165, 287–300.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Powell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ragheb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitagawa‐Sakakida</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schwartz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>165</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>287</start><end>300</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit38"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">J. Shim, H. Lim, R. Yates, M. Karin, Mol. Cell 2002, 10, 1331–1344.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yates</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Karin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>10</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1331</start><end>1344</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit39"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. Raghavan, R. L. Ogilvie, C. Reilly, M. L. Abelson, S. Raghavan, J. Vasdewani, M. Krathwohl, P. R. Bohjanen, Nucleic Acids Res. 2002, 30, 5529–5538.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Raghavan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ogilvie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Reilly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Abelson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Raghavan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vasdewani</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Krathwohl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bohjanen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>30</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5529</start><end>5538</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit40"><titleInfo><title>Cell</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. D. Zamore, T. Tuschl, P. A. Sharp, D. P. Bartel, Cell 2000, 101, 25–33.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zamore</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tuschl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sharp</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bartel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>101</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25</start><end>33</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit41"><titleInfo><title>Genes Dev.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. M. Elbashir, W. Lendeckel, T. Tuschl, Genes Dev. 2001, 15, 188–200.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Elbashir</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lendeckel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tuschl</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>15</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>188</start><end>200</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit42"><titleInfo><title>Trends Biochem. Sci.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. M. Denli, G. J. Hannon, Trends Biochem. Sci. 2003, 28, 196–201.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Denli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hannon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>28</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>196</start><end>201</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit43"><titleInfo><title>Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">N. Agrawal, P. V. Dasaradhi, A. Mohmmed, P. Malhotra, R. K. Bhatnagar, S. K. Mukherjee, Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 2003, 67, 657–685.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Agrawal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dasaradhi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mohmmed</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Malhotra</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bhatnagar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mukherjee</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>67</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>657</start><end>685</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit44"><titleInfo><title>Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">M. A. Carmell, G. J. Hannon, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol. 2004, 11, 214–218.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Carmell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hannon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>11</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>214</start><end>218</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit45"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">T. Bakheet, B. R. Williams, K. S. Khabar, Nucleic Acids Res. 2003, 31, 421–423.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bakheet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Williams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Khabar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>31</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>421</start><end>423</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit46"><titleInfo><title>M. R. Koller, E. G. Hanania, G. Sasaki, B. O. Palsson, http://www.cyntellect.com</title></titleInfo><genre>other</genre></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit47"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">N. Nitin, P. J. Santangelo, G. Kim, S. Nie, G. Bao, Nucleic Acids Res. 2004, 32, e58.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nitin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Santangelo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kim</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>58</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit48"><titleInfo><title>Cell</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">M. Mandal, B. Boese, J. E. Barrick, W. C. Winkler, R. R. Breaker, Cell 2003, 113, 577–586.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mandal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Boese</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Barrick</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Winkler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Breaker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>577</start><end>586</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit49"><titleInfo><title>ChemBioChem</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W. C. Winkler, R. R. Breaker, ChemBioChem 2003, 4, 1024–1032.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Winkler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Breaker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>4</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1024</start><end>1032</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit50"><titleInfo><title>Nature</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W. C. Winkler, A. Nahvi, A. Roth, J. A. Collins, R. R. Breaker, Nature 2004, 428, 281–286.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Winkler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nahvi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Roth</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Collins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Breaker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>428</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>281</start><end>286</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit51"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">C. Chaix, A. M. Duplaa, D. Gasparutto, D. Molko, R. Teoule, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 1989, 45–46.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chaix</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Duplaa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gasparutto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Molko</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Teoule</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1989</date><extent unit="pages"><start>45</start><end>46</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit52"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. A. Scaringe, C. Francklyn, N. Usman, Nucleic Acids Res. 1990, 18, 5433–5441.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Scaringe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Francklyn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Usman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5433</start><end>5441</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit53"><titleInfo><title>Methods Enzymol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">D. M. Gray, S. H. Hung, K. H. Johnson, Methods Enzymol. 1995, 246, 19–34.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gray</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>246</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>19</start><end>34</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit54"><titleInfo><title>Methods</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. Z. Qin, A. M. Pyle, Methods 1999, 18, 60–70.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. Z.</namePart><namePart type="family">Qin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pyle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>18</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>60</start><end>70</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit55"><titleInfo><title>S. Chong, F. B. Perler, Intein‐Mediated Protein Purification in Methods and Tools in Biosciences and Medicine, (Ed.: M. Blot), Birkhauser, Basel, 2003, pp. 173–193.</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">S. Chong, F. B. Perler, Intein‐Mediated Protein Purification in Methods and Tools in Biosciences and Medicine, (Ed.: M. Blot), Birkhauser, Basel, 2003, pp. 173–193.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chong</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Perler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Intein‐Mediated Protein</namePart><namePart type="family">Purification</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><role><roleTerm type="text">editor</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Birkhauser</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Basel</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>2003</date><extent unit="pages"><start>173</start><end>193</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit56"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">X. Manival, L. Ghisolfi‐Nieto, G. Joseph, P. Bouvet, M. Erard, Nucleic Acids Res. 2001, 29, 2223–2233.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Manival</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ghisolfi‐Nieto</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Joseph</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bouvet</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Erard</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2223</start><end>2233</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit57"><titleInfo><title>Anal. Biochem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. C. Gill, P. H. von Hippel, Anal. Biochem. 1989, 182, 319–326.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">von Hippel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1989</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>182</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>319</start><end>326</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit58"><titleInfo><title>Evotec BioSystems AG, 2D‐FIDA‐Quick‐Guide, Evotec Biosystems, Hamburg, 2001, pp. 10.</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">Evotec BioSystems AG, 2D‐FIDA‐Quick‐Guide, Evotec Biosystems, Hamburg, 2001, pp. 10.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Evotec BioSystems</namePart><namePart type="family">AG</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Evotec Biosystems</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Hamburg</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>2001</date><extent unit="pages"><start>10</start></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit59"><titleInfo><title>J. R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Plenum, New York, 1999, pp. 291–319</title></titleInfo><note type="citation/reference">J. R. Lakowicz, Principles of Fluorescence Spectroscopy, Plenum, New York, 1999, pp. 291–319</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lakowicz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><genre>book</genre><originInfo><publisher>Plenum</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">New York</placeTerm></place></originInfo><part><date>1999</date><extent unit="pages"><start>291</start><end>319</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit60"><titleInfo><title>Biophys. J.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. Kask, K. Palo, N. Fay, L. Brand, U. Mets, D. Ullmann, J. Jungmann, J. Pschorr, K. Gall, Biophys. J. 2000, 78, 1703–1713.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kask</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Palo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fay</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Brand</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mets</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ullmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jungmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pschorr</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>78</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1703</start><end>1713</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit61"><titleInfo><title>J. Mol. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">T. J. Daly, R. C. Doten, J. R. Rusche, M. Auer, J. Mol. Biol. 1995, 253, 243–258.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Daly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Doten</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rusche</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Auer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1995</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>253</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>243</start><end>258</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit62"><titleInfo><title>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. Kask, K. Palo, D. Ullmann, K. Gall, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1999, 96, 13 756–13 761.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kask</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Palo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ullmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>96</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>13 756</start><end>13 761</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit63"><titleInfo><title>Monatsh. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">I. L. Hofacker, W. Fontana, P. F. Stadler, S. Bonhoeffer, M. Tacker, P. Schuster, Monatsh. Chem. 1994, 125, 167–188.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hofacker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fontana</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stadler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bonhoeffer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tacker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schuster</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1994</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>125</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>167</start><end>188</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit64"><titleInfo><title>Bioinformatics</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. De Rijk, J. Wuyts, R. De Wachter, Bioinformatics 2003, 19, 299–300.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">De Rijk</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wuyts</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">De Wachter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>299</start><end>300</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit65"><titleInfo><title>Biopolymers</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">J. S. McCaskill, Biopolymers 1990, 29, 1105–1119.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">McCaskill</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1990</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>29</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1105</start><end>1119</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit66"><titleInfo><title>Applied Biosystems, 2000, ABI PRISM 7700 Sequence Detection System, Users Manual, P/N904989B.</title></titleInfo><genre>other</genre></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit67"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">D. J. Adams, D. J. Beveridge, L. van der Weyden, H. Mangs, P. J. Leedman, B. J. Morris, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 44 894–44 903.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Adams</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Beveridge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">van der Weyden</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mangs</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leedman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Morris</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>44 894</start><end>44 903</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit68"><titleInfo><title>Cancer Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">L. B. Nabors, G. Y. Gillespie, L. Harkins, P. H. King, Cancer Res. 2001, 61, 2154–2161.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nabors</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gillespie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Harkins</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>61</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2154</start><end>2161</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit69"><titleInfo><title>J. Immunol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">U. Atasoy, S. L. Curry, I. López de Silanes, A. B. Shyu, V. Casolaro, M. Gorospe, C. Stellato, J. Immunol. 2003, 171, 4369–4378.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Atasoy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Curry</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">López de Silanes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shyu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V.</namePart><namePart type="family">Casolaro</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stellato</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>171</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4369</start><end>4378</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit70"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">I. Raineri, D. Wegmueller, B. Gross, U. Certa, C. Moroni, Nucleic Acids Res. 2004, 32, 1279–1288.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Raineri</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wegmueller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gross</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Certa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Moroni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>32</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1279</start><end>1288</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit71"><titleInfo><title>J. Immunol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. Esnault, J. S. Malter, J. Immunol. 2003, 171, 6780–6787.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Esnault</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Malter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>171</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6780</start><end>6787</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit72"><titleInfo><title>J. Cell Sci.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">U. Atasoy, J. Watson, D. Patel, J. D. Keene, J. Cell Sci. 1998, 111, 3145–3156.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Atasoy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Watson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Patel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Keene</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>111</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3145</start><end>3156</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit73"><titleInfo><title>Biol. Reprod.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">R. Manjithaya, R. R. Dighe, Biol. Reprod. 2004, in press.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Manjithaya</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dighe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit74"><titleInfo><title>J. Immunol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">C. Abraham, J. Miller, J. Immunol. 2001, 167, 5193–5201.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Abraham</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Miller</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>167</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5193</start><end>5201</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit75"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W.‐J. Ma, S. Cheng, C. Campbell, A. Wright, H. Furneaux, J. Biol. Chem. 1996, 271, 8144–8151.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.‐J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ma</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cheng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Campbell</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wright</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1996</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>271</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8144</start><end>8151</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit76"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">X. F. Ming, G. Stoecklin, M. Lu, R. Looser, C. Moroni, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001, 21, 5778–5789.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X. F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ming</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Stoecklin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Looser</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Moroni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5778</start><end>5789</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit77"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">R. Winzen, G. Gowrishankar, F. Bollig, N. Redich, K. Resch, H. Holtmann, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2004, 24, 4835–4847.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Winzen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gowrishankar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Bollig</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Redich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Resch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Holtmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>24</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4835</start><end>4847</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit78"><titleInfo><title>Cancer Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">L. B. Nabors, E. Suswam, Y. Huang, X. Yang, M. J. Johnson, P. H. King, Cancer Res. 2003, 63, 4181–4187.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nabors</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Suswam</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Huang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Johnson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>63</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4181</start><end>4187</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit79"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. Figueroa, A. Cuadrado, J. Fan, U. Atasoy, G. E. Muscat, P. Muñoz‐Canoves, M. Gorospe, A. Muñoz, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 23, 4991–5004.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Figueroa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cuadrado</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Atasoy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Muscat</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Muñoz‐Canoves</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Muñoz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4991</start><end>5004</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit80"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. van der Giessen, S. DiMarco, E. Clair, I. Gallouzi, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 47 119–47 128.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">van der Giessen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">DiMarco</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Clair</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gallouzi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>47 119</start><end>47 128</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit81"><titleInfo><title>Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">J. Haeussler, J. Haeusler, A. M. Striebel, G. Assum, W. Vogel, H. Furneaux, W. Krone, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2000, 267, 726–732.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Haeussler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Haeusler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Striebel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Assum</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Vogel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Krone</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>267</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>726</start><end>732</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit82"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. Briata, C. Ilengo, G. Corte, C. Moroni, M. G. Rosenfeld, C. Y. Chen, R. Gherzi, Mol. Cell 2003, 12, 1201–1211.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Briata</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ilengo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Corte</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Moroni</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rosenfeld</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gherzi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>12</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1201</start><end>1211</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit83"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">M. R. McMullen, E. Cocuzzi, M. Hatzoglou, L. E. Nagy, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 38 333–38 341.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">McMullen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cocuzzi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hatzoglou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nagy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>38 333</start><end>38 341</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit84"><titleInfo><title>Nucl. Acids. Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">Z. Hel, S. DiMarco, D. Radzioch, Nucl. Acids. Res. 1998, 26, 2803–2812.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Z.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">DiMarco</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Radzioch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>26</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2803</start><end>2812</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit85"><titleInfo><title>FEBS Lett.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. Sakai, Y. Kitagawa, G. Hirose, FEBS Lett. 1999, 446, 157–162.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitagawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hirose</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>446</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>157</start><end>162</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit86"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">I. Goldberg‐Cohen, H. Furneauxb, A. P. Levy, J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 13 635–13 640.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Goldberg‐Cohen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneauxb</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Levy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>277</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>13 635</start><end>13 640</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit87"><titleInfo><title>Trends Cardiovasc. Med.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. P. Levy, Trends Cardiovasc. Med. 1998, 8, 246–250.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Levy</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>8</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>246</start><end>250</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit88"><titleInfo><title>Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. Tang, E. C. Breen, P. D. Wagner, Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2002, 283, H1497–H1504.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Breen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wagner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>283</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1497</start><end>1504</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit89"><titleInfo><title>J. Clin. Invest.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">D. A. Dixon, N. D. Tolley, P. H. King, L. B. Nabors, T. M. McIntyre, G. A. Zimmerman, S. M. Prescott, J. Clin. Invest. 2001, 108, 1657–1665.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dixon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tolley</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">King</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nabors</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">McIntyre</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zimmerman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Prescott</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>108</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1657</start><end>1665</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit90"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W. Wang, J. Fan, X. Yang, S. Furer‐Galban, I. López de Silanes, C. von Kobbe, J. Guo, S. N. Georas, F. Foufelle, D. G. Hardie, D. Carling, M. Gorospe, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2002, 22, 3425–3436.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furer‐Galban</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">López de Silanes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">von Kobbe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Guo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Georas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Foufelle</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hardie</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Carling</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>22</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3425</start><end>3436</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit91"><titleInfo><title>J. Hauber, A. T. Prechtel, US 2002/165 186 A1.</title></titleInfo><genre>other</genre></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit92"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. M. Giles, J. M. Daly, D. J. Beveridge, A. M. Thomson, D. C. Voon, H. M. Furneaux, J. A. Jazayeri, P. J. Leedman, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 2937–2946.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Giles</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Daly</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Beveridge</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Thomson</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Voon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jazayeri</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leedman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2937</start><end>2946</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit93"><titleInfo><title>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">I. López de Silanes, M. Zhan, A. Lal, X. Yang, M. Gorospe, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2004, 101, 2987–2992.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">López de Silanes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lal</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>101</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>2987</start><end>2992</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit94"><titleInfo><title>EMBO J.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. S.‐Y. Peng, C.‐Y. A. Chen, N. Xu, A.‐B. Shyu, EMBO J. 1998, 17, 3461–3470.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. S.‐Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Peng</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.‐Y. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Xu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.‐B.</namePart><namePart type="family">Shyu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>17</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3461</start><end>3470</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit95"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">W. Wang, X. Yang, V. J. Cristofalo, N. J. Holbrook, M. Gorospe, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2001, 21, 5889–5898.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">X.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">V. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cristofalo</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Holbrook</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>21</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5889</start><end>5898</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit96"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">I. Lafon, F. Carballes, G. Brewer, M. Poiret, D. Morello, Oncogene 1998, 16, 3413–3421.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lafon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Carballes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Brewer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Poiret</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Morello</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1998</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>16</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>3413</start><end>3421</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit97"><titleInfo><title>Oncogene</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. Gouble, D. Morello, Oncogene 2000, 19, 5377–5384.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gouble</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Morello</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>19</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>5377</start><end>5384</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit98"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">C. F. Manohar, M. L. Short, A. Nguyen, N. N. Nguyen, D. Chagnovich, Q. Yang, S. L. Cohn, J. Biol. Chem. 2002, 277, 1967–1973.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C. F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Manohar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Short</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nguyen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N. N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Nguyen</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chagnovich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Q.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cohn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>277</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1967</start><end>1973</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit99"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. Galban, J. L. Martindale, K. Mazan‐Mamczarz, I. López de Silanes, I. J. Fan, W. Wang, J. Decker, M. Gorospe, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 23, 7083–7095.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Galban</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Martindale</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mazan‐Mamczarz</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">López de Silanes</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Decker</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gorospe</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>7083</start><end>7095</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit100"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Cell. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">E.‐S. Akool, H. Kleinert, F. M. Hamada, M. H. Abdelwahab, U. Forstermann, J. Pfeilschifter, W. Eberhardt, Mol. Cell. Biol. 2003, 23, 4901–4916.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.‐S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Akool</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kleinert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hamada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Abdelwahab</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">U.</namePart><namePart type="family">Forstermann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pfeilschifter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Eberhardt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>23</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4901</start><end>4916</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit101"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">A. Huwiler, E.‐S. Akool, A. Aschrafi, F. M. Hamada, J. Pfeilschifter, W. Eberhardt, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 51 758–51 769.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Huwiler</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">E.‐S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Akool</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Aschrafi</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hamada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pfeilschifter</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Eberhardt</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>51 758</start><end>51 769</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit102"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. J. Cok, S. J. Acton, A. E. Sexton, A. R. Morrison, J. Biol. Chem. 2004, 279, 8196–8205.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Cok</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Acton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sexton</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Morrison</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>279</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>8196</start><end>8205</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit103"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. Subbaramaiah, T. P. Marmao, D. A. Dixon, A. J. Dannenberg, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 37 637–37 647.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Subbaramaiah</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Marmao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dixon</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dannenberg</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>37 637</start><end>37 647</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit104"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. Sengupta, B. C. Jang, M. T. Wu, J. H. Paik, H. Furneaux, T. Hla, J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 25 227–25 233.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sengupta</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jang</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Paik</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hla</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>278</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>25 227</start><end>25 233</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit105"><titleInfo><title>Cancer Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">C. Denkert, W. Weichert, S. Pest, I. Koch, D. Licht, M. Kobel, A. Reles, J. Sehouli, M. Dietel, S. Hauptmann, Cancer Res. 2004, 64, 189–195.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Denkert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Weichert</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pest</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Koch</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Licht</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kobel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Reles</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sehouli</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Dietel</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hauptmann</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>64</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>189</start><end>195</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit106"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Res.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">F. Maurer, M. Tierney, R. L. Medcalf, Nucleic Acids Res. 1999, 27, 1664–1673.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Maurer</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Tierney</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Medcalf</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1999</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>27</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1664</start><end>1673</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit107"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">B. C. Blaxall, A. C. Pellett, S. C. Wu, A. Pende, J. D. Port, J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 4290–4297.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Blaxall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pellett</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pende</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Port</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>275</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>4290</start><end>4297</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit108"><titleInfo><title>Methods Mol. Biol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">B. C. Blaxall, J. D. Port, Methods Mol. Biol. 2000, 126, 453–465.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">B. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Blaxall</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Port</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2000</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>126</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>453</start><end>465</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit109"><titleInfo><title>IUBMB Life</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">J. A. Wilce, P. J. Leedman, M. C. Wilce, IUBMB Life 2002, 54, 345–349.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilce</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Leedman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilce</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2002</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>54</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>345</start><end>349</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit110"><titleInfo><title>Endocrinology</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. Yasuda, S. Wada, Y. Arao, M. Kogawa, F. Kayama, S. Katayama, Endocrinology 2004, 145, 1730–1738.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yasuda</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wada</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Arao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kogawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kayama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Katayama</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2004</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>145</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>1730</start><end>1738</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit111"><titleInfo><title>J. Biol. Chem.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">S. Chung, M. Eckrich, N. Perrone‐Bizzozero, D. T. Kohn, H. Furneaux, J. Biol. Chem. 1997, 272, 6593–6598.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Chung</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Eckrich</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Perrone‐Bizzozero</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D. T.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kohn</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Furneaux</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1997</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>272</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>6593</start><end>6598</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit112"><titleInfo><title>Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">R. G. Jain, L. G. Andrews, K. M. McGowan, F. Gao, J. D. Keene, P. P. Pekala, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 1995, 209–211.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Jain</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L. G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Andrews</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K. M.</namePart><namePart type="family">McGowan</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">F.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gao</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Keene</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P. P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pekala</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>1995</date><extent unit="pages"><start>209</start><end>211</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit113"><titleInfo><title>FEBS Lett.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">P. Loflin, J. E. Lever, FEBS Lett. 2001, 509, 267–271.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">P.</namePart><namePart type="family">Loflin</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Lever</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2001</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>509</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>267</start><end>271</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit114"><titleInfo><title>Mol. Immunol.</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">K. Sakai, Y. Kitagawa, M. Saiki, S. Saiki, G. Hirose, Mol. Immunol. 2003, 39, 879–883.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">K.</namePart><namePart type="family">Sakai</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Y.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kitagawa</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Saiki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Saiki</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hirose</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>39</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>879</start><end>883</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit115"><titleInfo><title>Cell</title></titleInfo><genre>journal-article</genre><note type="citation/reference">I. Yaman, J. Fernandez, H. Liu, M. Caprara, A. A. Komar, A. E. Koromilas, L. Zhou, M. D. Snider, D. Scheuner, R. J. Kaufman, M. Hatzoglou, Cell 2003, 113, 519–531.</note><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Yaman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Fernandez</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Liu</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Caprara</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Komar</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A. E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Koromilas</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">L.</namePart><namePart type="family">Zhou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M. D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Snider</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.</namePart><namePart type="family">Scheuner</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R. J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kaufman</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hatzoglou</namePart><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><part><date>2003</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>113</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>519</start><end>531</end></extent></part></relatedItem><relatedItem type="references" displayLabel="cit116"><titleInfo><title>No binding refers to the detection limit of our assay: the complex formation becomes undetectable at <3 sd change in the anisotropy signal at the maximum HuR concentration of 5–10 μM in the assay (solubility limit of full length HuR). This corresponds to a Kd detection limit of approximately >100 μM. In relation to the fundamental Kd of 1 nM, we henceforth refer to this >100 000‐fold difference in the affinity as “all‐or‐nothing”).</title></titleInfo><genre>other</genre></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">17954C8F7D353F8E89EB4EFFCCF123090FC5D998</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/cbic.200400219</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">CBIC200400219</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-L0C46X92-X">wiley</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Converted from (version ) to MODS version 3.6.</recordOrigin><recordCreationDate encoding="w3cdtf">2019-11-14</recordCreationDate></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-J2T8VLN4-5/record.json</uri></json:item></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Istex/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002401 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 002401 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= MersV1
|flux= Istex
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:17954C8F7D353F8E89EB4EFFCCF123090FC5D998
|texte= mRNA Openers and Closers: Modulating AU‐Rich Element‐Controlled mRNA Stability by a Molecular Switch in mRNA Secondary Structure
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33. |  |