Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection
Identifieur interne : 001C34 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001C33; suivant : 001C35Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection
Auteurs : Yanyong Cao ; Yan Shi ; Yongqiang Li ; Yuqin Cheng ; Tao Zhou ; Zaifeng FanSource :
- Molecular Plant Pathology [ 1464-6722 ] ; 2012-09.
English descriptors
- Teeft :
- Beijing, Benthamiana, Benthamiana plants, Blackwell publishing, Bspp, Carl zeiss, Cdna, Coat protein, Coding sequences, Control plants, Defence, Defence responses, Different letters, Different samples, Fusion proteins, Gene, Gene expression, Gtpase, Heterologous, Heterologous expression, Important role, Independent experiments, Infection, Infectious clone, Inoculated, Lavy, Loading control, Maize, Maize genes, Maize plants, Maize protoplasts, Molecular mechanisms, Molecular plant pathology, Mosaic, Mosaic symptoms, Mrna, Mrna levels, Mutant, Nicotiana, Nicotiana benthamiana, Noninoculated, Penmv, Pennisetum mosaic virus, Plant cell, Plant pathology, Plants transiently, Plasmid, Potato virus, Previous work, Primer, Primer pairs, Protoplast, Rops, Scmv, Scmv accumulation, Scmv infection, Subcellular localization, Sugarcane, Sugarcane mosaic virus, Systemic, Systemic infection, Transient expression, Transiently, Uorescent protein, Upper noninoculated, Viral, Viral accumulation, Viral infection, Virus infection, Zmrop1, Zmrop1 gene, Zmrop1 mrna, Zmrop1 mrna level, Zmrop1 mrna levels, Zmrop1ca, Zmrop4, Zmrop8, Zmrop9, Zong.
Abstract
The expression of host genes can be altered during the process of viral infection. To investigate the viral infection‐induced up‐regulated gene expression changes of maize at different time intervals post‐inoculation with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed. A total of 454 cDNA clones were identified to be viral infection‐induced up‐regulated genes. The influence of Rop1 on the infection of maize by SCMV was investigated. The results showed that transient silencing of the ZmRop1 gene through virus‐induced gene silencing enhanced the accumulation and systemic infection of SCMV and another potyvirus (Pennisetum mosaic virus) in maize plants, whereas transient over‐expression of ZmRop1 in maize protoplasts reduced SCMV accumulation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the heterologous expression of ZmRop1 impaired Potato virus X infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. These data suggest that ZmRop1 may play a role in plant defence responses to viral infection.
Url:
DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00782.x
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:8838450D5AA79FB15B9FC3454F6F9B31F1922616Le document en format XML
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To investigate the viral infection‐induced up‐regulated gene expression changes of maize at different time intervals post‐inoculation with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed. A total of 454 cDNA clones were identified to be viral infection‐induced up‐regulated genes. The influence of Rop1 on the infection of maize by SCMV was investigated. The results showed that transient silencing of the ZmRop1 gene through virus‐induced gene silencing enhanced the accumulation and systemic infection of SCMV and another potyvirus (Pennisetum mosaic virus) in maize plants, whereas transient over‐expression of ZmRop1 in maize protoplasts reduced SCMV accumulation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the heterologous expression of ZmRop1 impaired Potato virus X infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. 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et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Raghupathy et al., 2006</json:string><json:string>van der Linde et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Smith et al., 2004</json:string><json:string>Király et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Whitham et al., 2003</json:string><json:string>Shi et al., 2011</json:string><json:string>Sandermann, 2000</json:string><json:string>Chen et al., 2010</json:string><json:string>see review by Kawano, 2003</json:string><json:string>Gallagher et al., 1988</json:string><json:string>Jia et al., 2003</json:string><json:string>Hassanain et al., 2000</json:string><json:string>Fan et al., 2003</json:string><json:string>Pfaffl, 2001</json:string><json:string>Kawasaki et al., 1999</json:string><json:string>Christensen et al. (2003)</json:string><json:string>Chen et al., 2008</json:string><json:string>Agrawal et al., 2003</json:string><json:string>Pathuri et al., 2009</json:string><json:string>reviewed in Berken, 2006</json:string><json:string>Lavy and Yalovsky, 2006</json:string><json:string>Kawasaki et al., 1999, 2006</json:string><json:string>Christensen et al., 2003</json:string><json:string>Ivanchenko et al., 2000</json:string><json:string>Arthur et al., 2003</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/WNG-XXF4N1DB-3</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - science</json:string><json:string>2 - plant sciences</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - natural sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - biology</json:string><json:string>3 - plant biology & botany</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Plant Science</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Soil Science</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Agricultural and Biological Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Agronomy and Crop Science</json:string><json:string>1 - Life Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology</json:string><json:string>3 - Molecular Biology</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences biologiques fondamentales et appliquees. psychologie</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>2012</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2012</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00782.x</json:string></doi><id>8838450D5AA79FB15B9FC3454F6F9B31F1922616</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-XXF4N1DB-3/fulltext.pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-XXF4N1DB-3/bundle.zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-XXF4N1DB-3/fulltext.tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main">Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection</title><title level="a" type="short">Influence of ZmRop1 on viral infection of plants</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><pubPlace>Oxford, UK</pubPlace><availability><licence>© 2012 THE AUTHORS. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2012 BSPP AND BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD</licence></availability><date type="published" when="2012-09"></date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note type="content-type" subtype="article" source="article" scheme="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</note><note type="publication-type" subtype="journal" scheme="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="article"><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection</title><title level="a" type="short">Influence of ZmRop1 on viral infection of plants</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">YANYONG</forename><surname>CAO</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory">State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology</orgName><orgName type="institution">China Agricultural University</orgName><address><addrLine>Beijing 100193</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation><affiliation><orgName type="institution">Cereal Crops Institute</orgName><orgName type="institution">Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences</orgName><address><addrLine>Zhengzhou 450002</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">YAN</forename><surname>SHI</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory">State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology</orgName><orgName type="institution">China Agricultural University</orgName><address><addrLine>Beijing 100193</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">YONGQIANG</forename><surname>LI</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory">State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology</orgName><orgName type="institution">China Agricultural University</orgName><address><addrLine>Beijing 100193</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">YUQIN</forename><surname>CHENG</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName type="laboratory">State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology</orgName><orgName type="institution">China Agricultural University</orgName><address><addrLine>Beijing 100193</addrLine><addrLine>China</addrLine><country key="CN" xml:lang="en">CHINA</country></address></affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">TAO</forename><surname>ZHOU</surname></persName><affiliation><orgName 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<ref target="http://www.tei-c.org/">We use TEI</ref></desc></application></appInfo></encodingDesc><profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>SUMMARY</head><p>The expression of host genes can be altered during the process of viral infection. To investigate the viral infection‐induced up‐regulated gene expression changes of maize at different time intervals post‐inoculation with <hi rend="italic">Sugarcane mosaic virus</hi> (SCMV), a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed. A total of 454 cDNA clones were identified to be viral infection‐induced up‐regulated genes. The influence of Rop1 on the infection of maize by SCMV was investigated. The results showed that transient silencing of the <hi rend="italic">ZmRop1</hi> gene through virus‐induced gene silencing enhanced the accumulation and systemic infection of SCMV and another potyvirus (<hi rend="italic">Pennisetum mosaic virus</hi>) in maize plants, whereas transient over‐expression of <hi rend="italic">ZmRop1</hi> in maize protoplasts reduced SCMV accumulation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the heterologous expression of <hi rend="italic">ZmRop1</hi> impaired <hi rend="italic">Potato virus X</hi> infection in <hi rend="italic">Nicotiana benthamiana</hi> plants. These data suggest that ZmRop1 may play a role in plant defence responses to viral infection.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Original articles</term></keywords><keywords rend="articleCategory"><term>Original article</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en"></language></langUsage></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2020-01-06" who="#istex" xml:id="pub2tei">formatting</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-XXF4N1DB-3/fulltext.txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisherName><publisherLoc>Oxford, UK</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1364-3703</doi><issn type="print">1464-6722</issn><issn type="electronic">1364-3703</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="MPP"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY">Molecular Plant Pathology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="09107"><doi>10.1111/mpp.2012.13.issue-7</doi><copyright ownership="joint">MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2012 BSPP AND BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering number="13" type="journalVolume">13</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">7</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2012-09">September 2012</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="90" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1364-3703.2011.00782.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="MPP782"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="12"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Original articles</title><title type="articleCategory">Original article</title></titleGroup><copyright>© 2012 THE AUTHORS. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY © 2012 BSPP AND BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD</copyright><eventGroup><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:3.1.6 mode:FullText" date="2012-07-25"></event><event date="2012-07-25" type="xmlCorrected"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2012-02-14"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2012-02-14"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2012-07-27"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-03"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.3.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-02-25"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">732</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">743</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>
: Email: <email>fanzf@cau.edu.cn</email>; <email>fanzaifeng@126.com</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:MPP.MPP782.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="6"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="1"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="40"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="8380"></count><count type="linksPubMed" number="0"></count><count type="linksCrossRef" number="0"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection</title><title type="shortAuthors">Y. CAO <i>et al</i>.</title><title type="short">Influence of ZmRop1 on viral infection of plants</title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1 #a2" noteRef="#fn1"><personName><givenNames>YANYONG</givenNames><familyName>CAO</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1" noteRef="#fn1 #fn2"><personName><givenNames>YAN</givenNames><familyName>SHI</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>YONGQIANG</givenNames><familyName>LI</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>YUQIN</givenNames><familyName>CHENG</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>TAO</givenNames><familyName>ZHOU</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr6" affiliationRef="#a1" corresponding="yes"><personName><givenNames>ZAIFENG</givenNames><familyName>FAN</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="CN"><unparsedAffiliation>Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><supportingInformation><p><b>Fig. S1</b> Schematic diagram of
pBMV<sub>A/G</sub>/Rop1 and pGFP‐ZmRop1s construction. (A)
Schematic diagram of the C‐BMV<sub>A/G</sub>/Rop1 vector
constructs, in which pF3‐5/13′<sub>A/G</sub> carries a
specific 145‐bp PCR fragment of the <i>ZmRop1</i> 5′‐terminal
untranslated region (UTR) (Rop1<sub>145</sub>). Black rectangles
represent the viral sequence and grey rectangles represent
Rop1<sub>145</sub>. The curly lines at both termini of each
construct represent bacterial plasmid sequences. The clover‐like
symbol represents the tRNA‐like structure at the 3′‐terminus
of the viral RNA sequence. <i>Psh</i>AI and <i>Spe</i>I are
restriction sites for plasmid linearization prior to <i>in
vitro</i> transcription, and <i>Hin</i>dIII in
pF3‐5/13′<sub>A/G</sub> is used for Rop1<sub>145</sub>
insertion. T3 indicates the T3 promoter sequence (open rectangle)
for <i>in vitro</i> transcription of viral sequences. (B) Schematic
representation of four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct. G,
green fluorescent protein (GFP); CA, constitutively active; DN,
dominant negative; 35 S, 35S promoter derived from <i>Cauliflower
mosaic virus</i>; T, nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator derived
from <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>.</p><p><b>Fig. S2</b> Quantitative reverse
transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) analysis of the
effects of <i>Sugarcane mosaic virus</i> (SCMV) infection on the
relative mRNA levels of <i>ZmRop4</i> (A), <i>ZmRop9</i> (B) and
<i>ZmRop8</i> (C) in maize leaves. Each value is shown as the
average of three independent experiments ± standard
deviation (SD). IL, inoculated leaves; SL, systemic leaves.
Different letters on the columns indicate a significant difference
by Student's <i>t</i>‐test (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><b>Fig. S3</b> The subcellular localization of ZmRop1.
(A) Fluorescence micrographs of maize protoplasts transformed with
four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct using laser scanning
confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 µm. pGRop1, pGFP‐ZmRop1;
pGRop1<sup>CA</sup>, pGFP‐ZmRop1<sup>CA</sup>; pGRop1<sup>DN</sup>,
pGFP‐ZmRop1<sup>DN</sup>; pGRop1mS<sup>198</sup>,
pGFP‐ZmRop1mS<sup>198</sup>. CA, constitutively active, DN,
dominant negative; C, cytoplasm; V, vacuole. (B) The expression
levels of fusion proteins were detected by Western blotting using
polyclonal antiserum against green fluorescent protein (GFP), as
indicated. The Coomassie brilliant blue‐stained 8% sodium
dodecylsulphate‐polyacrylamide gel (bottom) for different samples
was used as a loading control.</p><p><b>Table S1</b> List of up‐regulated gene transcripts
post‐<i>Sugarcane mosaic virus</i> (SCMV) infection with BLAST hits against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank nonredundant (nr) database.</p><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:14646722:media:mpp782:mpp782_sm_FigS1"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:14646722:media:mpp782:mpp782_sm_FigS2"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:14646722:media:mpp782:mpp782_sm_FigS3"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="supporting info item" href="urn-x:wiley:14646722:media:mpp782:mpp782_sm_TableS1"></mediaResource><caption>Supporting info item</caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">SUMMARY</title><p>The expression of host genes can be altered during the process of viral infection. To investigate the viral infection‐induced up‐regulated gene expression changes of maize at different time intervals post‐inoculation with <i>Sugarcane mosaic virus</i> (SCMV), a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed. A total of 454 cDNA clones were identified to be viral infection‐induced up‐regulated genes. The influence of Rop1 on the infection of maize by SCMV was investigated. The results showed that transient silencing of the <i>ZmRop1</i> gene through virus‐induced gene silencing enhanced the accumulation and systemic infection of SCMV and another potyvirus (<i>Pennisetum mosaic virus</i>) in maize plants, whereas transient over‐expression of <i>ZmRop1</i> in maize protoplasts reduced SCMV accumulation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the heterologous expression of <i>ZmRop1</i> impaired <i>Potato virus X</i> infection in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> plants. These data suggest that ZmRop1 may play a role in plant defence responses to viral infection.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta><noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><p>
These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></note><note xml:id="fn2"><p><i>Present address</i>: College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.</p></note></noteGroup></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Influence of ZmRop1 on viral infection of plants</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Possible involvement of maize Rop1 in the defence responses of plants to viral infection</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YANYONG</namePart><namePart type="family">CAO</namePart><affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</affiliation><affiliation>Cereal Crops Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou 450002, China</affiliation><description>These authors contributed equally to this work.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YAN</namePart><namePart type="family">SHI</namePart><affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</affiliation><description>Note: These authors contributed equally to this work.</description><description>Present address: College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YONGQIANG</namePart><namePart type="family">LI</namePart><affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">YUQIN</namePart><namePart type="family">CHENG</namePart><affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TAO</namePart><namePart type="family">ZHOU</namePart><affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ZAIFENG</namePart><namePart type="family">FAN</namePart><affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Agro‐biotechnology and Department of Plant Pathology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: fanzf@cau.edu.cn</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-6N5SZHKN-D">article</genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Oxford, UK</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2012-09</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2012</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><extent unit="figures">6</extent><extent unit="tables">1</extent><extent unit="formulas">0</extent><extent unit="references">40</extent><extent unit="linksCrossRef">0</extent><extent unit="words">8380</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The expression of host genes can be altered during the process of viral infection. To investigate the viral infection‐induced up‐regulated gene expression changes of maize at different time intervals post‐inoculation with Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), a suppression subtractive hybridization cDNA library was constructed. A total of 454 cDNA clones were identified to be viral infection‐induced up‐regulated genes. The influence of Rop1 on the infection of maize by SCMV was investigated. The results showed that transient silencing of the ZmRop1 gene through virus‐induced gene silencing enhanced the accumulation and systemic infection of SCMV and another potyvirus (Pennisetum mosaic virus) in maize plants, whereas transient over‐expression of ZmRop1 in maize protoplasts reduced SCMV accumulation. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the heterologous expression of ZmRop1 impaired Potato virus X infection in Nicotiana benthamiana plants. These data suggest that ZmRop1 may play a role in plant defence responses to viral infection.</abstract><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Molecular Plant Pathology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><note type="content"> Fig. S1 Schematic diagram of pBMVA/G/Rop1 and pGFP‐ZmRop1s construction. (A) Schematic diagram of the C‐BMVA/G/Rop1 vector constructs, in which pF3‐5/13′A/G carries a specific 145‐bp PCR fragment of the ZmRop1 5′‐terminal untranslated region (UTR) (Rop1145). Black rectangles represent the viral sequence and grey rectangles represent Rop1145. The curly lines at both termini of each construct represent bacterial plasmid sequences. The clover‐like symbol represents the tRNA‐like structure at the 3′‐terminus of the viral RNA sequence. PshAI and SpeI are restriction sites for plasmid linearization prior to in vitro transcription, and HindIII in pF3‐5/13′A/G is used for Rop1145 insertion. T3 indicates the T3 promoter sequence (open rectangle) for in vitro transcription of viral sequences. (B) Schematic representation of four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct. G, green fluorescent protein (GFP); CA, constitutively active; DN, dominant negative; 35 S, 35S promoter derived from Cauliflower mosaic virus; T, nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fig. S2 Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) analysis of the effects of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection on the relative mRNA levels of ZmRop4 (A), ZmRop9 (B) and ZmRop8 (C) in maize leaves. Each value is shown as the average of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (SD). IL, inoculated leaves; SL, systemic leaves. Different letters on the columns indicate a significant difference by Student's t‐test (P < 0.05). Fig. S3 The subcellular localization of ZmRop1. (A) Fluorescence micrographs of maize protoplasts transformed with four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 µm. pGRop1, pGFP‐ZmRop1; pGRop1CA, pGFP‐ZmRop1CA; pGRop1DN, pGFP‐ZmRop1DN; pGRop1mS198, pGFP‐ZmRop1mS198. CA, constitutively active, DN, dominant negative; C, cytoplasm; V, vacuole. (B) The expression levels of fusion proteins were detected by Western blotting using polyclonal antiserum against green fluorescent protein (GFP), as indicated. The Coomassie brilliant blue‐stained 8% sodium dodecylsulphate‐polyacrylamide gel (bottom) for different samples was used as a loading control. Table S1 List of up‐regulated gene transcripts post‐Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection with BLAST hits against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank nonredundant (nr) database. Fig. S1 Schematic diagram of pBMVA/G/Rop1 and pGFP‐ZmRop1s construction. (A) Schematic diagram of the C‐BMVA/G/Rop1 vector constructs, in which pF3‐5/13′A/G carries a specific 145‐bp PCR fragment of the ZmRop1 5′‐terminal untranslated region (UTR) (Rop1145). Black rectangles represent the viral sequence and grey rectangles represent Rop1145. The curly lines at both termini of each construct represent bacterial plasmid sequences. The clover‐like symbol represents the tRNA‐like structure at the 3′‐terminus of the viral RNA sequence. PshAI and SpeI are restriction sites for plasmid linearization prior to in vitro transcription, and HindIII in pF3‐5/13′A/G is used for Rop1145 insertion. T3 indicates the T3 promoter sequence (open rectangle) for in vitro transcription of viral sequences. (B) Schematic representation of four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct. G, green fluorescent protein (GFP); CA, constitutively active; DN, dominant negative; 35 S, 35S promoter derived from Cauliflower mosaic virus; T, nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fig. S2 Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) analysis of the effects of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection on the relative mRNA levels of ZmRop4 (A), ZmRop9 (B) and ZmRop8 (C) in maize leaves. Each value is shown as the average of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (SD). IL, inoculated leaves; SL, systemic leaves. Different letters on the columns indicate a significant difference by Student's t‐test (P < 0.05). Fig. S3 The subcellular localization of ZmRop1. (A) Fluorescence micrographs of maize protoplasts transformed with four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 µm. pGRop1, pGFP‐ZmRop1; pGRop1CA, pGFP‐ZmRop1CA; pGRop1DN, pGFP‐ZmRop1DN; pGRop1mS198, pGFP‐ZmRop1mS198. CA, constitutively active, DN, dominant negative; C, cytoplasm; V, vacuole. (B) The expression levels of fusion proteins were detected by Western blotting using polyclonal antiserum against green fluorescent protein (GFP), as indicated. The Coomassie brilliant blue‐stained 8% sodium dodecylsulphate‐polyacrylamide gel (bottom) for different samples was used as a loading control. Table S1 List of up‐regulated gene transcripts post‐Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection with BLAST hits against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank nonredundant (nr) database. Fig. S1 Schematic diagram of pBMVA/G/Rop1 and pGFP‐ZmRop1s construction. (A) Schematic diagram of the C‐BMVA/G/Rop1 vector constructs, in which pF3‐5/13′A/G carries a specific 145‐bp PCR fragment of the ZmRop1 5′‐terminal untranslated region (UTR) (Rop1145). Black rectangles represent the viral sequence and grey rectangles represent Rop1145. The curly lines at both termini of each construct represent bacterial plasmid sequences. The clover‐like symbol represents the tRNA‐like structure at the 3′‐terminus of the viral RNA sequence. PshAI and SpeI are restriction sites for plasmid linearization prior to in vitro transcription, and HindIII in pF3‐5/13′A/G is used for Rop1145 insertion. T3 indicates the T3 promoter sequence (open rectangle) for in vitro transcription of viral sequences. (B) Schematic representation of four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct. G, green fluorescent protein (GFP); CA, constitutively active; DN, dominant negative; 35 S, 35S promoter derived from Cauliflower mosaic virus; T, nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fig. S2 Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) analysis of the effects of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection on the relative mRNA levels of ZmRop4 (A), ZmRop9 (B) and ZmRop8 (C) in maize leaves. Each value is shown as the average of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (SD). IL, inoculated leaves; SL, systemic leaves. Different letters on the columns indicate a significant difference by Student's t‐test (P < 0.05). Fig. S3 The subcellular localization of ZmRop1. (A) Fluorescence micrographs of maize protoplasts transformed with four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 µm. pGRop1, pGFP‐ZmRop1; pGRop1CA, pGFP‐ZmRop1CA; pGRop1DN, pGFP‐ZmRop1DN; pGRop1mS198, pGFP‐ZmRop1mS198. CA, constitutively active, DN, dominant negative; C, cytoplasm; V, vacuole. (B) The expression levels of fusion proteins were detected by Western blotting using polyclonal antiserum against green fluorescent protein (GFP), as indicated. The Coomassie brilliant blue‐stained 8% sodium dodecylsulphate‐polyacrylamide gel (bottom) for different samples was used as a loading control. Table S1 List of up‐regulated gene transcripts post‐Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection with BLAST hits against the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) GenBank nonredundant (nr) database. Fig. S1 Schematic diagram of pBMVA/G/Rop1 and pGFP‐ZmRop1s construction. (A) Schematic diagram of the C‐BMVA/G/Rop1 vector constructs, in which pF3‐5/13′A/G carries a specific 145‐bp PCR fragment of the ZmRop1 5′‐terminal untranslated region (UTR) (Rop1145). Black rectangles represent the viral sequence and grey rectangles represent Rop1145. The curly lines at both termini of each construct represent bacterial plasmid sequences. The clover‐like symbol represents the tRNA‐like structure at the 3′‐terminus of the viral RNA sequence. PshAI and SpeI are restriction sites for plasmid linearization prior to in vitro transcription, and HindIII in pF3‐5/13′A/G is used for Rop1145 insertion. T3 indicates the T3 promoter sequence (open rectangle) for in vitro transcription of viral sequences. (B) Schematic representation of four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct. G, green fluorescent protein (GFP); CA, constitutively active; DN, dominant negative; 35 S, 35S promoter derived from Cauliflower mosaic virus; T, nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator derived from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Fig. S2 Quantitative reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction (QRT‐PCR) analysis of the effects of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) infection on the relative mRNA levels of ZmRop4 (A), ZmRop9 (B) and ZmRop8 (C) in maize leaves. Each value is shown as the average of three independent experiments ± standard deviation (SD). IL, inoculated leaves; SL, systemic leaves. Different letters on the columns indicate a significant difference by Student's t‐test (P < 0.05). Fig. S3 The subcellular localization of ZmRop1. (A) Fluorescence micrographs of maize protoplasts transformed with four types of GFP‐ZmRop1 fusion construct using laser scanning confocal microscopy. Scale bar, 10 µm. pGRop1, pGFP‐ZmRop1; pGRop1CA, pGFP‐ZmRop1CA; pGRop1DN, pGFP‐ZmRop1DN; pGRop1mS198, pGFP‐ZmRop1mS198. CA, constitutively active, DN, dominant negative; C, cytoplasm; V, vacuole. 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