Lymphatic function is regulated by a coordinated expression of lymphangiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic cytokines.
Identifieur interne : 002456 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 002455; suivant : 002457Lymphatic function is regulated by a coordinated expression of lymphangiogenic and anti-lymphangiogenic cytokines.
Auteurs : Jamie C. Zampell ; Tomer Avraham ; Nicole Yoder ; Nicholas Fort ; Alan Yan ; Evan S. Weitman ; Babak J. MehraraSource :
- American journal of physiology. Cell physiology [ 1522-1563 ] ; 2012.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Cytokines (metabolism), Female, Hepatocyte Growth Factor (metabolism), Inflammation (metabolism), Inflammation (pathology), Interferon-gamma (antagonists & inhibitors), Interferon-gamma (metabolism), Lymph (metabolism), Lymphangiogenesis (physiology), Lymphatic System (pathology), Lymphatic System (physiology), Lymphatic System (physiopathology), Lymphedema (metabolism), Lymphedema (pathology), Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Nude, Regeneration (physiology), T-Lymphocytes (immunology), Tail (anatomy & histology), Tail (metabolism), Tail (pathology), Tail (physiopathology), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A (metabolism), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (metabolism).
- MESH :
- chemical , antagonists & inhibitors : Interferon-gamma.
- chemical , metabolism : Cytokines, Hepatocyte Growth Factor, Interferon-gamma, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C.
- anatomy & histology : Tail.
- immunology : T-Lymphocytes.
- metabolism : Inflammation, Lymph, Lymphedema, Tail.
- pathology : Inflammation, Lymphatic System, Lymphedema, Tail.
- physiology : Lymphangiogenesis, Lymphatic System, Regeneration.
- physiopathology : Lymphatic System, Tail.
- Animals, Female, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Nude.
Abstract
Lymphangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) are critically required for lymphatic regeneration; however, in some circumstances, lymphatic function is impaired despite normal or elevated levels of these cytokines. The recent identification of anti-lymphangiogenic molecules such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β1, and endostatin has led us to hypothesize that impaired lymphatic function may represent a dysregulated balance in the expression of pro/anti-lymphangiogenic stimuli. We observed that nude mice have significantly improved lymphatic function compared with wild-type mice in a tail model of lymphedema. We show that gradients of lymphatic fluid stasis regulate the expression of lymphangiogenic cytokines (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and hepatocyte growth factor) and that paradoxically the expression of these molecules is increased in wild-type mice. More importantly, we show that as a consequence of T-cell-mediated inflammation, these same gradients also regulate expression patterns of anti-lymphangiogenic molecules corresponding temporally and spatially with impaired lymphatic function in wild-type mice. We show that neutralization of IFN-γ significantly increases inflammatory lymph node lymphangiogenesis independently of changes in VEGF-A or VEGF-C expression, suggesting that alterations in the balance of pro- and anti-lymphangiogenic cytokine expression can regulate lymphatic vessel formation. In conclusion, we show that gradients of lymphatic fluid stasis regulate not only the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic cytokines but also potent suppressors of lymphangiogenesis as a consequence of T-cell inflammation and that modulation of the balance between these stimuli can regulate lymphatic function.
DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00306.2011
PubMed: 21940662
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:21940662Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Lymphangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) are critically required for lymphatic regeneration; however, in some circumstances, lymphatic function is impaired despite normal or elevated levels of these cytokines. The recent identification of anti-lymphangiogenic molecules such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β1, and endostatin has led us to hypothesize that impaired lymphatic function may represent a dysregulated balance in the expression of pro/anti-lymphangiogenic stimuli. We observed that nude mice have significantly improved lymphatic function compared with wild-type mice in a tail model of lymphedema. We show that gradients of lymphatic fluid stasis regulate the expression of lymphangiogenic cytokines (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and hepatocyte growth factor) and that paradoxically the expression of these molecules is increased in wild-type mice. More importantly, we show that as a consequence of T-cell-mediated inflammation, these same gradients also regulate expression patterns of anti-lymphangiogenic molecules corresponding temporally and spatially with impaired lymphatic function in wild-type mice. We show that neutralization of IFN-γ significantly increases inflammatory lymph node lymphangiogenesis independently of changes in VEGF-A or VEGF-C expression, suggesting that alterations in the balance of pro- and anti-lymphangiogenic cytokine expression can regulate lymphatic vessel formation. In conclusion, we show that gradients of lymphatic fluid stasis regulate not only the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic cytokines but also potent suppressors of lymphangiogenesis as a consequence of T-cell inflammation and that modulation of the balance between these stimuli can regulate lymphatic function.</div>
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<Abstract><AbstractText>Lymphangiogenic cytokines such as vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) are critically required for lymphatic regeneration; however, in some circumstances, lymphatic function is impaired despite normal or elevated levels of these cytokines. The recent identification of anti-lymphangiogenic molecules such as interferon-γ (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-β1, and endostatin has led us to hypothesize that impaired lymphatic function may represent a dysregulated balance in the expression of pro/anti-lymphangiogenic stimuli. We observed that nude mice have significantly improved lymphatic function compared with wild-type mice in a tail model of lymphedema. We show that gradients of lymphatic fluid stasis regulate the expression of lymphangiogenic cytokines (VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and hepatocyte growth factor) and that paradoxically the expression of these molecules is increased in wild-type mice. More importantly, we show that as a consequence of T-cell-mediated inflammation, these same gradients also regulate expression patterns of anti-lymphangiogenic molecules corresponding temporally and spatially with impaired lymphatic function in wild-type mice. We show that neutralization of IFN-γ significantly increases inflammatory lymph node lymphangiogenesis independently of changes in VEGF-A or VEGF-C expression, suggesting that alterations in the balance of pro- and anti-lymphangiogenic cytokine expression can regulate lymphatic vessel formation. In conclusion, we show that gradients of lymphatic fluid stasis regulate not only the expression of pro-lymphangiogenic cytokines but also potent suppressors of lymphangiogenesis as a consequence of T-cell inflammation and that modulation of the balance between these stimuli can regulate lymphatic function.</AbstractText>
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