Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport.
Identifieur interne : 001408 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 001407; suivant : 001409Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport.
Auteurs : Jerome W. BreslinSource :
- Microvascular research [ 1095-9319 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
Abstract
This review examines the current understanding of how the lymphatic vessel network can optimize lymph flow in response to various mechanical forces. Lymphatics are organized as a vascular tree, with blind-ended initial lymphatics, precollectors, prenodal collecting lymphatics, lymph nodes, postnodal collecting lymphatics and the larger trunks (thoracic duct and right lymph duct) that connect to the subclavian veins. The formation of lymph from interstitial fluid depends heavily on oscillating pressure gradients to drive fluid into initial lymphatics. Collecting lymphatics are segmented vessels with unidirectional valves, with each segment, called a lymphangion, possessing an intrinsic pumping mechanism. The lymphangions propel lymph forward against a hydrostatic pressure gradient. Fluid is returned to the central circulation both at lymph nodes and via the larger lymphatic trunks. Several recent developments are discussed, including evidence for the active role of endothelial cells in lymph formation; recent developments on how inflow pressure, outflow pressure, and shear stress affect the pump function of the lymphangion; lymphatic valve gating mechanisms; collecting lymphatic permeability; and current interpretations of the molecular mechanisms within lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle. An improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which lymphatic vessels sense mechanical stimuli, integrate the information, and generate the appropriate response is key for determining the pathogenesis of lymphatic insufficiency and developing treatments for lymphedema.
DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.013
PubMed: 25107458
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pubmed:25107458Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport.</title><author><name sortKey="Breslin, Jerome W" sort="Breslin, Jerome W" uniqKey="Breslin J" first="Jerome W" last="Breslin">Jerome W. Breslin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: jbreslin@health.usf.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:25107458</idno><idno type="pmid">25107458</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.013</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001408</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001408</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport.</title><author><name sortKey="Breslin, Jerome W" sort="Breslin, Jerome W" uniqKey="Breslin J" first="Jerome W" last="Breslin">Jerome W. Breslin</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: jbreslin@health.usf.edu.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Microvascular research</title><idno type="eISSN">1095-9319</idno><imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Transport</term><term>Endothelial Cells</term><term>Extracellular Fluid</term><term>Humans</term><term>Lymph Nodes</term><term>Lymphatic System (physiology)</term><term>Lymphatic Vessels (physiology)</term><term>Lymphedema</term><term>Mice</term><term>Permeability</term><term>Pressure</term><term>Shear Strength</term><term>Stress, Mechanical</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Lymphatic System</term><term>Lymphatic Vessels</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Transport</term><term>Endothelial Cells</term><term>Extracellular Fluid</term><term>Humans</term><term>Lymph Nodes</term><term>Lymphedema</term><term>Mice</term><term>Permeability</term><term>Pressure</term><term>Shear Strength</term><term>Stress, Mechanical</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This review examines the current understanding of how the lymphatic vessel network can optimize lymph flow in response to various mechanical forces. Lymphatics are organized as a vascular tree, with blind-ended initial lymphatics, precollectors, prenodal collecting lymphatics, lymph nodes, postnodal collecting lymphatics and the larger trunks (thoracic duct and right lymph duct) that connect to the subclavian veins. The formation of lymph from interstitial fluid depends heavily on oscillating pressure gradients to drive fluid into initial lymphatics. Collecting lymphatics are segmented vessels with unidirectional valves, with each segment, called a lymphangion, possessing an intrinsic pumping mechanism. The lymphangions propel lymph forward against a hydrostatic pressure gradient. Fluid is returned to the central circulation both at lymph nodes and via the larger lymphatic trunks. Several recent developments are discussed, including evidence for the active role of endothelial cells in lymph formation; recent developments on how inflow pressure, outflow pressure, and shear stress affect the pump function of the lymphangion; lymphatic valve gating mechanisms; collecting lymphatic permeability; and current interpretations of the molecular mechanisms within lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle. An improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which lymphatic vessels sense mechanical stimuli, integrate the information, and generate the appropriate response is key for determining the pathogenesis of lymphatic insufficiency and developing treatments for lymphedema.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">25107458</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2014</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2015</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>31</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2017</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>20</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1095-9319</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>96</Volume><PubDate><Year>2014</Year><Month>Nov</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Microvascular research</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Microvasc. Res.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Mechanical forces and lymphatic transport.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>46-54</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.mvr.2014.07.013</ELocationID><ELocationID EIdType="pii" ValidYN="Y">S0026-2862(14)00117-4</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>This review examines the current understanding of how the lymphatic vessel network can optimize lymph flow in response to various mechanical forces. Lymphatics are organized as a vascular tree, with blind-ended initial lymphatics, precollectors, prenodal collecting lymphatics, lymph nodes, postnodal collecting lymphatics and the larger trunks (thoracic duct and right lymph duct) that connect to the subclavian veins. The formation of lymph from interstitial fluid depends heavily on oscillating pressure gradients to drive fluid into initial lymphatics. Collecting lymphatics are segmented vessels with unidirectional valves, with each segment, called a lymphangion, possessing an intrinsic pumping mechanism. The lymphangions propel lymph forward against a hydrostatic pressure gradient. Fluid is returned to the central circulation both at lymph nodes and via the larger lymphatic trunks. Several recent developments are discussed, including evidence for the active role of endothelial cells in lymph formation; recent developments on how inflow pressure, outflow pressure, and shear stress affect the pump function of the lymphangion; lymphatic valve gating mechanisms; collecting lymphatic permeability; and current interpretations of the molecular mechanisms within lymphatic endothelial cells and smooth muscle. An improved understanding of the physiological mechanisms by which lymphatic vessels sense mechanical stimuli, integrate the information, and generate the appropriate response is key for determining the pathogenesis of lymphatic insufficiency and developing treatments for lymphedema.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Breslin</LastName><ForeName>Jerome W</ForeName><Initials>JW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA. Electronic address: jbreslin@health.usf.edu.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 HL098215</GrantID><Acronym>HL</Acronym><Agency>NHLBI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R21 AA020049</GrantID><Acronym>AA</Acronym><Agency>NIAAA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01HL098215</GrantID><Acronym>HL</Acronym><Agency>NHLBI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R21AA020049</GrantID><Acronym>AA</Acronym><Agency>NIAAA NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D016454">Review</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate 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System</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D042601" MajorTopicYN="N">Lymphatic Vessels</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008209" MajorTopicYN="N">Lymphedema</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010539" MajorTopicYN="N">Permeability</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011312" MajorTopicYN="N">Pressure</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D033081" MajorTopicYN="N">Shear Strength</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D013314" MajorTopicYN="N">Stress, Mechanical</DescriptorName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">NIHMS624732</OtherID><OtherID 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