FGF-regulated BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure and to specify conjunctival epithelial cell fate.
Identifieur interne : 002C68 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002C67; suivant : 002C69FGF-regulated BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure and to specify conjunctival epithelial cell fate.
Auteurs : Jie Huang [États-Unis] ; Lisa K. Dattilo ; Ramya Rajagopal ; Ying Liu ; Vesa Kaartinen ; Yuji Mishina ; Chu-Xia Deng ; Lieve Umans ; An Zwijsen ; Anita B. Roberts ; David C. BeebeSource :
- Development (Cambridge, England) [ 0950-1991 ] ; 2009.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux, Animaux nouveau-nés, Cellules épithéliales (cytologie), Cellules épithéliales (métabolisme), Conjonctive (croissance et développement), Conjonctive (cytologie), Conjonctive (embryologie), Conjonctive (malformations), Différenciation cellulaire (physiologie), Facteurs de croissance fibroblastique (physiologie), Facteurs de transcription Forkhead (métabolisme), Follicule pileux (croissance et développement), Follicule pileux (embryologie), JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (métabolisme), Paupières (croissance et développement), Paupières (embryologie), Paupières (malformations), Protéine Smad-4 (génétique), Protéine Smad-4 (métabolisme), Protéine morphogénétique osseuse de type 4 (biosynthèse), Protéines Hedgehog (métabolisme), Protéines Smad régulées par les récepteurs (génétique), Protéines morphogénétiques osseuses (physiologie), Récepteur FGFR2 (génétique), Récepteur FGFR2 (métabolisme), Récepteurs de la protéine morphogénique osseuse de type I (génétique), Souris, Souris knockout, Transduction du signal.
- MESH :
- biosynthèse : Protéine morphogénétique osseuse de type 4.
- croissance et développement : Conjonctive, Follicule pileux, Paupières.
- cytologie : Cellules épithéliales, Conjonctive.
- embryologie : Conjonctive, Follicule pileux, Paupières.
- génétique : Protéine Smad-4, Protéines Smad régulées par les récepteurs, Récepteur FGFR2, Récepteurs de la protéine morphogénique osseuse de type I.
- malformations : Conjonctive, Paupières.
- métabolisme : Cellules épithéliales, Facteurs de transcription Forkhead, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Protéine Smad-4, Protéines Hedgehog, Récepteur FGFR2.
- physiologie : Différenciation cellulaire, Facteurs de croissance fibroblastique, Protéines morphogénétiques osseuses.
- Animaux, Animaux nouveau-nés, Souris, Souris knockout, Transduction du signal.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4 (biosynthesis), Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I (genetics), Bone Morphogenetic Proteins (physiology), Cell Differentiation (physiology), Conjunctiva (abnormalities), Conjunctiva (cytology), Conjunctiva (embryology), Conjunctiva (growth & development), Epithelial Cells (cytology), Epithelial Cells (metabolism), Eyelids (abnormalities), Eyelids (embryology), Eyelids (growth & development), Fibroblast Growth Factors (physiology), Forkhead Transcription Factors (metabolism), Hair Follicle (embryology), Hair Follicle (growth & development), Hedgehog Proteins (metabolism), JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism), Mice, Mice, Knockout, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 (genetics), Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 (metabolism), Signal Transduction, Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated (genetics), Smad4 Protein (genetics), Smad4 Protein (metabolism).
- MESH :
- chemical , biosynthesis : Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4.
- chemical , genetics : Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2, Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated, Smad4 Protein.
- chemical , metabolism : Forkhead Transcription Factors, Hedgehog Proteins, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases, Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2, Smad4 Protein.
- chemical , physiology : Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Fibroblast Growth Factors.
- abnormalities : Conjunctiva, Eyelids.
- cytology : Conjunctiva, Epithelial Cells.
- embryology : Conjunctiva, Eyelids, Hair Follicle.
- growth & development : Conjunctiva, Eyelids, Hair Follicle.
- metabolism : Epithelial Cells.
- physiology : Cell Differentiation.
- Animals, Animals, Newborn, Mice, Mice, Knockout, Signal Transduction.
Abstract
There are conflicting reports about whether BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure during fetal development. This question was addressed using mice deficient in BMP or TGFbeta signaling in prospective eyelid and conjunctival epithelial cells. Genes encoding two type I BMP receptors, the type II TGFbeta receptor, two BMP- or two TGFbeta-activated R-Smads or the co-Smad Smad4 were deleted from the ocular surface ectoderm using Cre recombinase. Only mice with deletion of components of the BMP pathway had an 'eyelid open at birth' phenotype. Mice lacking Fgf10 or Fgfr2 also have open eyelids at birth. To better understand the pathways that regulate BMP expression and function during eyelid development, we localized BMPs and BMP signaling intermediates in Fgfr2 and Smad4 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. We found that Fgfr2 was required for the expression of Bmp4, the normal distribution of Shh signaling and for preserving the differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium. FGF signaling also promoted the expression of the Wnt antagonist Sfrp1 and suppressed Wnt signaling in the prospective eyelid epithelial cells, independently of BMP function. Transcripts encoding Foxc1 and Foxc2, which were previously shown to be necessary for eyelid closure, were not detectable in Smad4(CKO) animals. c-Jun, another key regulator of eyelid closure, was present and phosphorylated in eyelid periderm cells at the time of fusion, but failed to translocate to the nucleus in the absence of BMP function. Smad4(CKO) mice also showed premature differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium, conjunctival hyperplasia and the acquisition of epidermal characteristics, including formation of an ectopic row of hair follicles in place of the Meibomian glands. A second row of eyelashes is a feature of human lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, which is associated with mutations in FOXC2.
DOI: 10.1242/dev.034082
PubMed: 19369394
Affiliations:
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pubmed:19369394Le document en format XML
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Transcription Factors (metabolism)</term><term>Hair Follicle (embryology)</term><term>Hair Follicle (growth & development)</term><term>Hedgehog Proteins (metabolism)</term><term>JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases (metabolism)</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Knockout</term><term>Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 (genetics)</term><term>Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2 (metabolism)</term><term>Signal Transduction</term><term>Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated (genetics)</term><term>Smad4 Protein (genetics)</term><term>Smad4 Protein (metabolism)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Animaux nouveau-nés</term><term>Cellules épithéliales (cytologie)</term><term>Cellules épithéliales (métabolisme)</term><term>Conjonctive (croissance et développement)</term><term>Conjonctive (cytologie)</term><term>Conjonctive (embryologie)</term><term>Conjonctive (malformations)</term><term>Différenciation cellulaire 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fibroblastique</term><term>Protéines morphogénétiques osseuses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Cell Differentiation</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Animals, Newborn</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Knockout</term><term>Signal Transduction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Animaux nouveau-nés</term><term>Souris</term><term>Souris knockout</term><term>Transduction du signal</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">There are conflicting reports about whether BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure during fetal development. This question was addressed using mice deficient in BMP or TGFbeta signaling in prospective eyelid and conjunctival epithelial cells. Genes encoding two type I BMP receptors, the type II TGFbeta receptor, two BMP- or two TGFbeta-activated R-Smads or the co-Smad Smad4 were deleted from the ocular surface ectoderm using Cre recombinase. Only mice with deletion of components of the BMP pathway had an 'eyelid open at birth' phenotype. Mice lacking Fgf10 or Fgfr2 also have open eyelids at birth. To better understand the pathways that regulate BMP expression and function during eyelid development, we localized BMPs and BMP signaling intermediates in Fgfr2 and Smad4 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. We found that Fgfr2 was required for the expression of Bmp4, the normal distribution of Shh signaling and for preserving the differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium. FGF signaling also promoted the expression of the Wnt antagonist Sfrp1 and suppressed Wnt signaling in the prospective eyelid epithelial cells, independently of BMP function. Transcripts encoding Foxc1 and Foxc2, which were previously shown to be necessary for eyelid closure, were not detectable in Smad4(CKO) animals. c-Jun, another key regulator of eyelid closure, was present and phosphorylated in eyelid periderm cells at the time of fusion, but failed to translocate to the nucleus in the absence of BMP function. Smad4(CKO) mice also showed premature differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium, conjunctival hyperplasia and the acquisition of epidermal characteristics, including formation of an ectopic row of hair follicles in place of the Meibomian glands. A second row of eyelashes is a feature of human lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, which is associated with mutations in FOXC2.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">19369394</PMID><DateCreated><Year>2009</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>27</Day></DateCreated><DateCompleted><Year>2009</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>13</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2016</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Print">0950-1991</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Print"><Volume>136</Volume><Issue>10</Issue><PubDate><Year>2009</Year><Month>May</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Development (Cambridge, England)</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Development</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>FGF-regulated BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure and to specify conjunctival epithelial cell fate.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>1741-50</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1242/dev.034082</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>There are conflicting reports about whether BMP signaling is required for eyelid closure during fetal development. This question was addressed using mice deficient in BMP or TGFbeta signaling in prospective eyelid and conjunctival epithelial cells. Genes encoding two type I BMP receptors, the type II TGFbeta receptor, two BMP- or two TGFbeta-activated R-Smads or the co-Smad Smad4 were deleted from the ocular surface ectoderm using Cre recombinase. Only mice with deletion of components of the BMP pathway had an 'eyelid open at birth' phenotype. Mice lacking Fgf10 or Fgfr2 also have open eyelids at birth. To better understand the pathways that regulate BMP expression and function during eyelid development, we localized BMPs and BMP signaling intermediates in Fgfr2 and Smad4 conditional knockout (CKO) mice. We found that Fgfr2 was required for the expression of Bmp4, the normal distribution of Shh signaling and for preserving the differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium. FGF signaling also promoted the expression of the Wnt antagonist Sfrp1 and suppressed Wnt signaling in the prospective eyelid epithelial cells, independently of BMP function. Transcripts encoding Foxc1 and Foxc2, which were previously shown to be necessary for eyelid closure, were not detectable in Smad4(CKO) animals. c-Jun, another key regulator of eyelid closure, was present and phosphorylated in eyelid periderm cells at the time of fusion, but failed to translocate to the nucleus in the absence of BMP function. Smad4(CKO) mice also showed premature differentiation of the conjunctival epithelium, conjunctival hyperplasia and the acquisition of epidermal characteristics, including formation of an ectopic row of hair follicles in place of the Meibomian glands. A second row of eyelashes is a feature of human lymphedema-distichiasis syndrome, which is associated with mutations in FOXC2.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Huang</LastName><ForeName>Jie</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University, St Louis, MO 63130, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dattilo</LastName><ForeName>Lisa K</ForeName><Initials>LK</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rajagopal</LastName><ForeName>Ramya</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Liu</LastName><ForeName>Ying</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kaartinen</LastName><ForeName>Vesa</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mishina</LastName><ForeName>Yuji</ForeName><Initials>Y</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Deng</LastName><ForeName>Chu-Xia</ForeName><Initials>CX</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Umans</LastName><ForeName>Lieve</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zwijsen</LastName><ForeName>An</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roberts</LastName><ForeName>Anita B</ForeName><Initials>AB</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Beebe</LastName><ForeName>David C</ForeName><Initials>DC</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 EY004853</GrantID><Acronym>EY</Acronym><Agency>NEI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>R01 EY004853-26</GrantID><Acronym>EY</Acronym><Agency>NEI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>P30 EY02687</GrantID><Acronym>EY</Acronym><Agency>NEI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant><Grant><GrantID>EY04853</GrantID><Acronym>EY</Acronym><Agency>NEI NIH HHS</Agency><Country>United States</Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2009</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>15</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Development</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>8701744</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0950-1991</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C525810">Bmp4 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D055415">Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D019485">Bone Morphogenetic Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051858">Forkhead Transcription Factors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C112890">Foxc1 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D053823">Hedgehog Proteins</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C465570">Shh protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051896">Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051901">Smad4 Protein</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C490810">Smad4 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C082078">mesenchyme fork head 1 protein</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>62031-54-3</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D005346">Fibroblast Growth Factors</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.10.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C496354">Fgfr2 protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.10.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D051497">Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.11.24</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D048031">JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.11.30</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D052005">Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><CommentsCorrectionsList><CommentsCorrections 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Version="1">11069887</PMID></CommentsCorrections></CommentsCorrectionsList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000831" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals, Newborn</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D055415" MajorTopicYN="N">Bone Morphogenetic Protein 4</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000096" MajorTopicYN="N">biosynthesis</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D052005" MajorTopicYN="N">Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptors, Type I</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D019485" MajorTopicYN="N">Bone Morphogenetic Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002454" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Differentiation</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" 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development</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005346" MajorTopicYN="N">Fibroblast Growth Factors</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051858" MajorTopicYN="N">Forkhead Transcription Factors</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018859" MajorTopicYN="N">Hair Follicle</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000196" MajorTopicYN="N">embryology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000254" MajorTopicYN="N">growth & development</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053823" MajorTopicYN="N">Hedgehog Proteins</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D048031" MajorTopicYN="N">JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018345" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Knockout</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051497" MajorTopicYN="N">Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051896" MajorTopicYN="N">Smad Proteins, Receptor-Regulated</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051901" MajorTopicYN="N">Smad4 Protein</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000378" MajorTopicYN="N">metabolism</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><OtherID Source="NLM">NIHMS157517</OtherID><OtherID Source="NLM">PMC2673764</OtherID></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2009</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2009</Year><Month>4</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2009</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>14</Day><Hour>9</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19369394</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">dev.034082</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1242/dev.034082</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC2673764</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="mid">NIHMS157517</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Missouri (État)</li></region></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Beebe, David C" sort="Beebe, David C" uniqKey="Beebe D" first="David C" last="Beebe">David C. Beebe</name><name sortKey="Dattilo, Lisa K" sort="Dattilo, Lisa K" uniqKey="Dattilo L" first="Lisa K" last="Dattilo">Lisa K. Dattilo</name><name sortKey="Deng, Chu Xia" sort="Deng, Chu Xia" uniqKey="Deng C" first="Chu-Xia" last="Deng">Chu-Xia Deng</name><name sortKey="Kaartinen, Vesa" sort="Kaartinen, Vesa" uniqKey="Kaartinen V" first="Vesa" last="Kaartinen">Vesa Kaartinen</name><name sortKey="Liu, Ying" sort="Liu, Ying" uniqKey="Liu Y" first="Ying" last="Liu">Ying Liu</name><name sortKey="Mishina, Yuji" sort="Mishina, Yuji" uniqKey="Mishina Y" first="Yuji" last="Mishina">Yuji Mishina</name><name sortKey="Rajagopal, Ramya" sort="Rajagopal, Ramya" uniqKey="Rajagopal R" first="Ramya" last="Rajagopal">Ramya Rajagopal</name><name sortKey="Roberts, Anita B" sort="Roberts, Anita B" uniqKey="Roberts A" first="Anita B" last="Roberts">Anita B. Roberts</name><name sortKey="Umans, Lieve" sort="Umans, Lieve" uniqKey="Umans L" first="Lieve" last="Umans">Lieve Umans</name><name sortKey="Zwijsen, An" sort="Zwijsen, An" uniqKey="Zwijsen A" first="An" last="Zwijsen">An Zwijsen</name></noCountry><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Missouri (État)"><name sortKey="Huang, Jie" sort="Huang, Jie" uniqKey="Huang J" first="Jie" last="Huang">Jie Huang</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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