A Nod to disease vectors: mitigation of pathogen sensing by arthropod saliva
Identifieur interne : 004A07 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 004A06; suivant : 004A08A Nod to disease vectors: mitigation of pathogen sensing by arthropod saliva
Auteurs : Olivia S. Sakhon [États-Unis] ; Maiara S. Severo [États-Unis] ; Michail Kotsyfakis [République tchèque] ; Joao H. F. Pedra [États-Unis]Source :
- Frontiers in Microbiology [ 1664-302X ] ; 2013.
Abstract
Arthropod saliva possesses anti-hemostatic, anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory properties that facilitate feeding and, inadvertently, dissemination of pathogens. Vector-borne diseases caused by these pathogens affect millions of people each year. Many studies address the impact of arthropod salivary proteins on various immunological components. However, whether and how arthropod saliva counters Nod-like (NLR) sensing remains elusive. NLRs are innate immune pattern recognition molecules involved in detecting microbial molecules and danger signals. Nod1/2 signaling results in activation of the nuclear factor-κB and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Caspase-1 NLRs regulate the inflammasome~– a protein scaffold that governs the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recently, several vector-borne pathogens have been shown to induce NLR activation in immune cells. Here, we provide a brief overview of NLR signaling and discuss clinically relevant vector-borne pathogens recognized by NLR pathways. We also elaborate on possible anti-inflammatory effects of arthropod saliva on NLR signaling and microbial pathogenesis for the purpose of exchanging research perspectives.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00308
PubMed: 24155744
PubMed Central: 3801108
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Arthropod saliva possesses anti-hemostatic, anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory properties that facilitate feeding and, inadvertently, dissemination of pathogens. Vector-borne diseases caused by these pathogens affect millions of people each year. Many studies address the impact of arthropod salivary proteins on various immunological components. However, whether and how arthropod saliva counters Nod-like (NLR) sensing remains elusive. NLRs are innate immune pattern recognition molecules involved in detecting microbial molecules and danger signals. Nod1/2 signaling results in activation of the nuclear factor-κB and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Caspase-1 NLRs regulate the inflammasome~– a protein scaffold that governs the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recently, several vector-borne pathogens have been shown to induce NLR activation in immune cells. Here, we provide a brief overview of NLR signaling and discuss clinically relevant vector-borne pathogens recognized by NLR pathways. We also elaborate on possible anti-inflammatory effects of arthropod saliva on NLR signaling and microbial pathogenesis for the purpose of exchanging research perspectives.</p>
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<pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Microbiol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Microbiol.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Microbiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1664-302X</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Media S.A.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24155744</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3801108</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fmicb.2013.00308</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Immunology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Review Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>A Nod to disease vectors: mitigation of pathogen sensing by arthropod saliva</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sakhon</surname>
<given-names>Olivia S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn002"><sup>†</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Severo</surname>
<given-names>Maiara S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kotsyfakis</surname>
<given-names>Michail</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pedra</surname>
<given-names>Joao H. F.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
<institution>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine</institution>
<country>Baltimore, MD, USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
<institution>Department of Entomology, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, Center for Disease Vector Research, University of California</institution>
<country>Riverside, CA, USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
<institution>Institute of Parasitology, Biology Centre, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic</institution>
<country>Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: <italic>Sukanya Narasimhan, Yale University School of Medicine, USA</italic>
</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: <italic>Jason A. Carlyon, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, USA; Bindu Sukumaran, Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore</italic>
</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: <italic>Joao H. F. Pedra, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 West Baltimore Street HSFI-380, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA e-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">jpedra@som.umaryland.edu</email>
</italic>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p><sup>†</sup>
Present address: <italic>Olivia S. Sakhon, Division of Biomedical Sciences, B0600 Statistics Building, University of California at Riverside, 900 university Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA</italic>
</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn003"><p>This article was submitted to Microbial Immunology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>4</volume>
<elocation-id>308</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>23</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2013</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © Sakhon, Severo, Kotsyfakis and Pedra.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Arthropod saliva possesses anti-hemostatic, anesthetic, and anti-inflammatory properties that facilitate feeding and, inadvertently, dissemination of pathogens. Vector-borne diseases caused by these pathogens affect millions of people each year. Many studies address the impact of arthropod salivary proteins on various immunological components. However, whether and how arthropod saliva counters Nod-like (NLR) sensing remains elusive. NLRs are innate immune pattern recognition molecules involved in detecting microbial molecules and danger signals. Nod1/2 signaling results in activation of the nuclear factor-κB and the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Caspase-1 NLRs regulate the inflammasome~– a protein scaffold that governs the maturation of interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. Recently, several vector-borne pathogens have been shown to induce NLR activation in immune cells. Here, we provide a brief overview of NLR signaling and discuss clinically relevant vector-borne pathogens recognized by NLR pathways. We also elaborate on possible anti-inflammatory effects of arthropod saliva on NLR signaling and microbial pathogenesis for the purpose of exchanging research perspectives.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Nod-like receptors</kwd>
<kwd>inflammasome</kwd>
<kwd>vector-borne pathogens</kwd>
<kwd>vector-borne diseases</kwd>
<kwd>arthropod saliva</kwd>
<kwd>salivary proteins</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="2"></fig-count>
<table-count count="2"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="171"></ref-count>
<page-count count="14"></page-count>
<word-count count="0"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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