Free Flaps in a Resource Constrained Environment: A Five-Year Experience—Outcomes and Lessons Learned
Identifieur interne : 004584 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 004583; suivant : 004585Free Flaps in a Resource Constrained Environment: A Five-Year Experience—Outcomes and Lessons Learned
Auteurs : Wanjala F. Nangole [Kenya] ; Stanley Khainga [Kenya] ; Joyce Aswani [Kenya] ; Loise Kahoro [Kenya] ; Adelaine Vilembwa [Kenya]Source :
- Plastic Surgery International [ 2090-1461 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2015/194174
PubMed: 26347817
PubMed Central: 4548138
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :004585
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4548138Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Free Flaps in a Resource Constrained Environment: A Five-Year Experience—Outcomes and Lessons Learned</title><author><name sortKey="Nangole, Wanjala F" sort="Nangole, Wanjala F" uniqKey="Nangole W" first="Wanjala F." last="Nangole">Wanjala F. Nangole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khainga, Stanley" sort="Khainga, Stanley" uniqKey="Khainga S" first="Stanley" last="Khainga">Stanley Khainga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aswani, Joyce" sort="Aswani, Joyce" uniqKey="Aswani J" first="Joyce" last="Aswani">Joyce Aswani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahoro, Loise" sort="Kahoro, Loise" uniqKey="Kahoro L" first="Loise" last="Kahoro">Loise Kahoro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vilembwa, Adelaine" sort="Vilembwa, Adelaine" uniqKey="Vilembwa A" first="Adelaine" last="Vilembwa">Adelaine Vilembwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26347817</idno><idno type="pmc">4548138</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4548138</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4548138</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2015/194174</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">004585</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">004585</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">004584</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">004584</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Free Flaps in a Resource Constrained Environment: A Five-Year Experience—Outcomes and Lessons Learned</title><author><name sortKey="Nangole, Wanjala F" sort="Nangole, Wanjala F" uniqKey="Nangole W" first="Wanjala F." last="Nangole">Wanjala F. Nangole</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Khainga, Stanley" sort="Khainga, Stanley" uniqKey="Khainga S" first="Stanley" last="Khainga">Stanley Khainga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aswani, Joyce" sort="Aswani, Joyce" uniqKey="Aswani J" first="Joyce" last="Aswani">Joyce Aswani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kahoro, Loise" sort="Kahoro, Loise" uniqKey="Kahoro L" first="Loise" last="Kahoro">Loise Kahoro</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vilembwa, Adelaine" sort="Vilembwa, Adelaine" uniqKey="Vilembwa A" first="Adelaine" last="Vilembwa">Adelaine Vilembwa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202, Kenya</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Kenya</country><wicri:regionArea>Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Plastic Surgery International</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-1461</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-147X</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Free flap surgery is a routine procedure in many developed countries with good surgical outcomes. In many developing countries, however, these services are not available. In this paper, we audit free flaps done in a resource constrained hospital in Kenya. <italic>Objective</italic>. This is a five-year audit of free flaps done in a tertiary hospital in Kenya, between 2009 and 2014. <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. This was a prospective study of patients operated on with free flaps between 2009 and 2014. <italic>Results</italic>. A total of one hundred and thirty-two free flaps in one hundred and twenty patients were performed during the five-year duration. The age range was eight to seventy-two years with a mean of 47.2. All the flaps were done under loupe magnification. The overall flap success rate was eighty-nine percent. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. Despite the many limitations, free flaps in our setup were successful in the majority of patients operated on. Flap salvage was noted to be low due to infrequent flap monitoring as well as unavailability of theatre space. One therefore has to be meticulous during surgery to reduce any possibilities of reexploration.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Daniel, R K" uniqKey="Daniel R">R. K. Daniel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taylor, G I" uniqKey="Taylor G">G. I. Taylor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcclean, D H" uniqKey="Mcclean D">D. H. McClean</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buncke, H J" uniqKey="Buncke H">H. J. Buncke</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcgregor, I A" uniqKey="Mcgregor I">I. A. McGregor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jackson, I T" uniqKey="Jackson I">I. T. Jackson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Serafin, D" uniqKey="Serafin D">D. Serafin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sabatier, R E" uniqKey="Sabatier R">R. E. Sabatier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morris, R L" uniqKey="Morris R">R. L. Morris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Georgiade, N D" uniqKey="Georgiade N">N. D. Georgiade</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Koshima, I" uniqKey="Koshima I">I. Koshima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fukuda, H" uniqKey="Fukuda H">H. Fukuda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamamoto, H" uniqKey="Yamamoto H">H. Yamamoto</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mosahebi, A" uniqKey="Mosahebi A">A. Mosahebi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Disa, J J" uniqKey="Disa J">J. J. Disa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pusic, A L" uniqKey="Pusic A">A. L. Pusic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cordeiro, P G" uniqKey="Cordeiro P">P. G. Cordeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mehrara, B J" uniqKey="Mehrara B">B. J. Mehrara</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shenaq, S M" uniqKey="Shenaq S">S. M. Shenaq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klebuc, M J A" uniqKey="Klebuc M">M. J. A. Klebuc</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vargo, D" uniqKey="Vargo D">D. Vargo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Serletti, J M" uniqKey="Serletti J">J. M. Serletti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deuber, M A" uniqKey="Deuber M">M. A. Deuber</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guidera, P M" uniqKey="Guidera P">P. M. Guidera</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pieptu, D" uniqKey="Pieptu D">D. Pieptu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luchian, S" uniqKey="Luchian S">S. Luchian</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Soutar, D S" uniqKey="Soutar D">D. S. Soutar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scheker, L R" uniqKey="Scheker L">L. R. Scheker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tanner, N S B" uniqKey="Tanner N">N. S. B. Tanner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgregor, I A" uniqKey="Mcgregor I">I. A. McGregor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vaughan, E D" uniqKey="Vaughan E">E. D. Vaughan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, J H" uniqKey="Kim J">J. H. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rosenthal, E L" uniqKey="Rosenthal E">E. L. Rosenthal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ellis, T" uniqKey="Ellis T">T. Ellis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wax, M K" uniqKey="Wax M">M. K. Wax</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, Y B T" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y.-B. T. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, H C" uniqKey="Chen H">H.-C. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hahn, L H" uniqKey="Hahn L">L.-H. Hahn</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wei, F C" uniqKey="Wei F">F.-C. Wei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Seah, C S" uniqKey="Seah C">C.-S. Seah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, Y C" uniqKey="Tsai Y">Y.-C. Tsai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, S J" uniqKey="Liu S">S.-J. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsai, M S" uniqKey="Tsai M">M.-S. Tsai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hidalgo, D A" uniqKey="Hidalgo D">D. A. Hidalgo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cordeiro, P G" uniqKey="Cordeiro P">P. G. Cordeiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Disa, J J" uniqKey="Disa J">J. J. Disa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hidalgo, D A" uniqKey="Hidalgo D">D. A. Hidalgo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, Q Y" uniqKey="Hu Q">Q. Y. Hu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hidalgo, D A" uniqKey="Hidalgo D">D. A. Hidalgo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, K C" uniqKey="Yang K">K.-C. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leung, J K W" uniqKey="Leung J">J. K. W. Leung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, J S" uniqKey="Chen J">J.-S. Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lassen, M" uniqKey="Lassen M">M. Lassen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Krag, C" uniqKey="Krag C">C. Krag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nielsen, I M" uniqKey="Nielsen I">I. M. Nielsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Franceschi, N" uniqKey="Franceschi N">N. Franceschi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yim, K K" uniqKey="Yim K">K. K. Yim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lineaweaver, W C" uniqKey="Lineaweaver W">W. C. Lineaweaver</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rosen, H M" uniqKey="Rosen H">H. M. Rosen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ali, R S" uniqKey="Ali R">R. S. Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bluebond Langner, R" uniqKey="Bluebond Langner R">R. Bluebond-Langner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, E D" uniqKey="Rodriguez E">E. D. Rodriguez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, M H" uniqKey="Cheng M">M.-H. Cheng</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="M Kitie, A A" uniqKey="M Kitie A">A. A. Mäkitie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beasley, N J P" uniqKey="Beasley N">N. J. P. Beasley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Neligan, P C" uniqKey="Neligan P">P. C. Neligan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipa, J" uniqKey="Lipa J">J. Lipa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gullane, P J" uniqKey="Gullane P">P. J. Gullane</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gilbert, R W" uniqKey="Gilbert R">R. W. Gilbert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jones, N F" uniqKey="Jones N">N. F. Jones</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wax, M K" uniqKey="Wax M">M. K. Wax</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Plast Surg Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Plast Surg Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PSI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Plastic Surgery International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-1461</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-147X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26347817</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4548138</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2015/194174</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Free Flaps in a Resource Constrained Environment: A Five-Year Experience—Outcomes and Lessons Learned</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-0925</contrib-id><name><surname>Nangole</surname><given-names>Wanjala F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khainga</surname><given-names>Stanley</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aswani</surname><given-names>Joyce</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kahoro</surname><given-names>Loise</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vilembwa</surname><given-names>Adelaine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Surgery (Plastic), University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi 00100, Kenya</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Kenyatta National Hospital, P.O. Box 20723, Nairobi 00202, Kenya</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Wanjala F. Nangole: <email>nangole2212@yahoo.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Yoshihiro Kimata</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>8</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>2015</volume><elocation-id>194174</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>24</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>11</day><month>7</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>7</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Wanjala F. Nangole et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p><italic>Introduction</italic>. Free flap surgery is a routine procedure in many developed countries with good surgical outcomes. In many developing countries, however, these services are not available. In this paper, we audit free flaps done in a resource constrained hospital in Kenya. <italic>Objective</italic>. This is a five-year audit of free flaps done in a tertiary hospital in Kenya, between 2009 and 2014. <italic>Materials and Methods</italic>. This was a prospective study of patients operated on with free flaps between 2009 and 2014. <italic>Results</italic>. A total of one hundred and thirty-two free flaps in one hundred and twenty patients were performed during the five-year duration. The age range was eight to seventy-two years with a mean of 47.2. All the flaps were done under loupe magnification. The overall flap success rate was eighty-nine percent. <italic>Conclusion</italic>. Despite the many limitations, free flaps in our setup were successful in the majority of patients operated on. Flap salvage was noted to be low due to infrequent flap monitoring as well as unavailability of theatre space. One therefore has to be meticulous during surgery to reduce any possibilities of reexploration.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Basic instruments used for microsurgery.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PSI2015-194174.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Multiple defects requiring free flaps for reconstruction in our hospital.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PSI2015-194174.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Radial forearm flap used for penile reconstruction and forehead reconstruction and its donor site.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PSI2015-194174.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Latissimus dorsi flap utilised for reconstructing extensive defects of the extremities.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PSI2015-194174.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Free fibula flap for reconstructing mandibular defect.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PSI2015-194174.005"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>Anterior lateral thigh flap utilized in reconstructing extensive scalp and neck defect.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="PSI2015-194174.006"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Summary of the surgical conditions the patients presented with.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Diagnosis</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cancer of the tongue</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mandibular defect</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.2</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neck contracture</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Facial/scalp defects</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Neck tumours</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.1</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Leg defects</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper limb defects</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Upper limb lymphoedema</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lower limb lymphoedema</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Palatal defects</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Penile defects</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Summary of flaps performed and the outcomes.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Flap performed </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Frequency</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Successful</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Failed</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Percentage <break></break>successful</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Radial forearm flap</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89.5</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Free fibula flap</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Latissimus dorsi flap</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">94.7</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anterior lateral thigh </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">84</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Parascapular flap</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gracilis muscle flap</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cervicofacial lymph node </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">117</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 004584 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 004584 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= LymphedemaV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4548138
|texte= Free Flaps in a Resource Constrained Environment: A Five-Year Experience—Outcomes and Lessons Learned
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26347817" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |