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Integrated Rapid Mapping of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Three States of South Sudan: Survey Findings and Treatment Needs

Identifieur interne : 004461 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 004460; suivant : 004462

Integrated Rapid Mapping of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Three States of South Sudan: Survey Findings and Treatment Needs

Auteurs : Timothy P. Finn ; Barclay T. Stewart [Royaume-Uni, États-Unis] ; Heidi L. Reid [Australie] ; Nora Petty ; Anthony Sabasio ; David Oguttu [Ouganda] ; Mounir Lado ; Simon J. Brooker [Royaume-Uni, Kenya] ; Jan H. Kolaczinski [Royaume-Uni, Ouganda]

Source :

RBID : PMC:3527617

Abstract

Background

Integrated rapid mapping to target interventions for schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and lymphatic filariasis (LF) is ongoing in South Sudan. From May to September 2010, three states – Unity, Eastern Equatoria and Central Equatoria – were surveyed with the aim of identifying which administrative areas are eligible for mass drug administration (MDA) of preventive chemotherapy (PCT).

Methods and Principal Findings

Payams (third administrative tier) were surveyed for Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium and STH infections while counties (second administrative tier) were surveyed for LF. Overall, 12,742 children from 193 sites were tested for schistosome and STH infection and, at a subset of 50 sites, 3,980 adults were tested for LF. Either S. mansoni or S. haematobium or both species were endemic throughout Unity State and occurred in foci in Central and Eastern Equatoria. STH infection was endemic throughout Central Equatoria and the western counties of Eastern Equatoria, while LF was endemic over most of Central- and Eastern Equatoria, but only in selected foci in Unity. All areas identified as STH endemic were co-endemic for schistosomiasis and/or LF.

Conclusions

The distribution and prevalence of major NTDs, particularly schistosomiasis, varies considerably throughout South Sudan. Rapid mapping is therefore important in identifying (co)-endemic areas. The present survey established that across the three surveyed states between 1.2 and 1.4 million individuals are estimated to be eligible for regular MDA with PCT to treat STH and schistosomiasis, respectively, while approximately 1.3 million individuals residing in Central- and Eastern Equatoria are estimated to require MDA for LF.


Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052789
PubMed: 23285184
PubMed Central: 3527617

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PMC:3527617

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Timothy P. Finn
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<addr-line>Malaria Consortium, South Sudan Country Office, Juba, Republic of South Sudan</addr-line>
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Barclay T. Stewart
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<addr-line>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
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<addr-line>Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America</addr-line>
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<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
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Heidi L. Reid
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<addr-line>School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia</addr-line>
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Nora Petty
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Anthony Sabasio
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Mounir Lado
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</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Republic of South Sudan</wicri:noCountry>
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<addr-line>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
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<name sortKey="Kolaczinski, Jan H" sort="Kolaczinski, Jan H" uniqKey="Kolaczinski J" first="Jan H." last="Kolaczinski">Jan H. Kolaczinski</name>
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<addr-line>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea>
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<addr-line>Malaria Consortium, Africa Regional Office, Kampala, Uganda</addr-line>
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<title>Background</title>
<p>Integrated rapid mapping to target interventions for schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and lymphatic filariasis (LF) is ongoing in South Sudan. From May to September 2010, three states – Unity, Eastern Equatoria and Central Equatoria – were surveyed with the aim of identifying which administrative areas are eligible for mass drug administration (MDA) of preventive chemotherapy (PCT).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods and Principal Findings</title>
<p>Payams (third administrative tier) were surveyed for
<italic>Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium</italic>
and STH infections while counties (second administrative tier) were surveyed for LF. Overall, 12,742 children from 193 sites were tested for schistosome and STH infection and, at a subset of 50 sites, 3,980 adults were tested for LF. Either
<italic>S. mansoni</italic>
or
<italic>S. haematobium</italic>
or both species were endemic throughout Unity State and occurred in foci in Central and Eastern Equatoria. STH infection was endemic throughout Central Equatoria and the western counties of Eastern Equatoria, while LF was endemic over most of Central- and Eastern Equatoria, but only in selected foci in Unity. All areas identified as STH endemic were co-endemic for schistosomiasis and/or LF.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The distribution and prevalence of major NTDs, particularly schistosomiasis, varies considerably throughout South Sudan. Rapid mapping is therefore important in identifying (co)-endemic areas. The present survey established that across the three surveyed states between 1.2 and 1.4 million individuals are estimated to be eligible for regular MDA with PCT to treat STH and schistosomiasis, respectively, while approximately 1.3 million individuals residing in Central- and Eastern Equatoria are estimated to require MDA for LF.</p>
</sec>
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<div1 type="bibliography">
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<name sortKey="Ekpo, Uf" uniqKey="Ekpo U">UF Ekpo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mafiana, Cf" uniqKey="Mafiana C">CF Mafiana</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adeofun, Co" uniqKey="Adeofun C">CO Adeofun</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Solarin, Ar" uniqKey="Solarin A">AR Solarin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Idowu, Ab" uniqKey="Idowu A">AB Idowu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simoonga, C" uniqKey="Simoonga C">C Simoonga</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazembe, Ln" uniqKey="Kazembe L">LN Kazembe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kristensen, Tk" uniqKey="Kristensen T">TK Kristensen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Olsen, A" uniqKey="Olsen A">A Olsen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Appleton, Cc" uniqKey="Appleton C">CC Appleton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS One</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS ONE</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosone</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>PLoS ONE</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1932-6203</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23285184</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3527617</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PONE-D-11-11219</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0052789</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2">
<subject>Biology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Microbiology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Parasitology</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2">
<subject>Medicine</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Epidemiology</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Disease Mapping</subject>
<subject>Survey Methods</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
<subj-group>
<subject>Infectious Diseases</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Neglected Tropical Diseases</subject>
<subj-group>
<subject>Ascariasis</subject>
<subject>Hookworm</subject>
<subject>Lymphatic Filariasis</subject>
<subject>Schistosomiasis</subject>
<subject>Soil-Transmitted Helminths</subject>
<subject>Trichuriasis</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Integrated Rapid Mapping of Neglected Tropical Diseases in Three States of South Sudan: Survey Findings and Treatment Needs</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Integrated NTD Mapping in South Sudan</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Finn</surname>
<given-names>Timothy P.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Stewart</surname>
<given-names>Barclay T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
<sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Reid</surname>
<given-names>Heidi L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
<sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Petty</surname>
<given-names>Nora</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Sabasio</surname>
<given-names>Anthony</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
<sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Oguttu</surname>
<given-names>David</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
<sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Lado</surname>
<given-names>Mounir</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
<sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Brooker</surname>
<given-names>Simon J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
<sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kolaczinski</surname>
<given-names>Jan H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
<sup>2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
<sup>8</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">
<sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">
<label>1</label>
<addr-line>Malaria Consortium, South Sudan Country Office, Juba, Republic of South Sudan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<label>2</label>
<addr-line>Department of Disease Control, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3">
<label>3</label>
<addr-line>Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4">
<label>4</label>
<addr-line>School of Population Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff5">
<label>5</label>
<addr-line>Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff6">
<label>6</label>
<addr-line>Ministry of Health, Juba, Republic of South Sudan</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff7">
<label>7</label>
<addr-line>Kenya Medical Research Institute – Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Nairobi, Kenya</addr-line>
</aff>
<aff id="aff8">
<label>8</label>
<addr-line>Malaria Consortium, Africa Regional Office, Kampala, Uganda</addr-line>
</aff>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="editor">
<name>
<surname>Braga</surname>
<given-names>Erika Martins</given-names>
</name>
<role>Editor</role>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="edit1">
<addr-line>Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil</addr-line>
</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">* E-mail:
<email>jan_kolaczinski@mac.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="conflict">
<p>
<bold>Competing Interests: </bold>
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="con">
<p>Conceived and designed the experiments: JHK SB ML. Performed the experiments: BTS TPF HR NP AS DO. Analyzed the data: BTS TPF HR JHK. Wrote the paper: BTS TPF HR NP SB JHK.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>20</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>12</issue>
<elocation-id>e52789</elocation-id>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>22</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>22</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Finn et al</copyright-holder>
<license>
<license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec>
<title>Background</title>
<p>Integrated rapid mapping to target interventions for schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminthiasis (STH) and lymphatic filariasis (LF) is ongoing in South Sudan. From May to September 2010, three states – Unity, Eastern Equatoria and Central Equatoria – were surveyed with the aim of identifying which administrative areas are eligible for mass drug administration (MDA) of preventive chemotherapy (PCT).</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Methods and Principal Findings</title>
<p>Payams (third administrative tier) were surveyed for
<italic>Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium</italic>
and STH infections while counties (second administrative tier) were surveyed for LF. Overall, 12,742 children from 193 sites were tested for schistosome and STH infection and, at a subset of 50 sites, 3,980 adults were tested for LF. Either
<italic>S. mansoni</italic>
or
<italic>S. haematobium</italic>
or both species were endemic throughout Unity State and occurred in foci in Central and Eastern Equatoria. STH infection was endemic throughout Central Equatoria and the western counties of Eastern Equatoria, while LF was endemic over most of Central- and Eastern Equatoria, but only in selected foci in Unity. All areas identified as STH endemic were co-endemic for schistosomiasis and/or LF.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The distribution and prevalence of major NTDs, particularly schistosomiasis, varies considerably throughout South Sudan. Rapid mapping is therefore important in identifying (co)-endemic areas. The present survey established that across the three surveyed states between 1.2 and 1.4 million individuals are estimated to be eligible for regular MDA with PCT to treat STH and schistosomiasis, respectively, while approximately 1.3 million individuals residing in Central- and Eastern Equatoria are estimated to require MDA for LF.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<funding-group>
<funding-statement>The work presented in this publication was made possible by the generous support of the American people through the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). The contents are the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of USAID or the United States Government. USAID funding was provided through RTI International to Malaria Consortium. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. SB is supported by the Wellcome Trust through a Research Career Development Fellowship (081673).</funding-statement>
</funding-group>
<counts>
<page-count count="8"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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