Effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of cellulite in healthy women: a pilot study
Identifieur interne : 003D44 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 003D43; suivant : 003D45Effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of cellulite in healthy women: a pilot study
Auteurs : Luana Ramalho Pianez ; Fernanda Silva Cust Dio ; Renata Michelini Guidi [Brésil] ; Jauru Nunes De Freitas [Italie, Brésil] ; Estela Sant Na [Brésil]Source :
- Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology [ 1178-7015 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Carbon dioxide therapy, better known as carboxytherapy, relates to percutaneous infusion of medical carbon dioxide with therapeutic approaches, and its use in the treatment of localized fat has demonstrated good results. Gynoid lipodystrophy, also known as cellulite, affects 80%–90% of women after puberty, especially in the buttocks and thighs. Its etiology is complex and involves multifactorial aspects. Its treatment and evaluation require the use of new technologies (more effective and low-cost approaches). The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of cellulite in the areas of buttocks and posterior thigh.
Ten women, 29±6.1 years, were selected and all of them received eight treatment sessions, with an interval of 7 days between sessions. Standardized digital photographs were used to assess the severity of cellulite, and panoramic images were collected by ultrasound diagnosis. The evaluations were performed before the first treatment (baseline) and 7 days after the last treatment session of carboxytherapy.
After the treatment, there was a significant reduction (
Carboxytherapy is an effective technique of treatment of cellulite in the buttocks region and posterior thighs of healthy women.
Url:
DOI: 10.2147/CCID.S102503
PubMed: 27578994
PubMed Central: 5001663
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Luana Ramalho Pianez<affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Center for Education and Advanced Training (CEFAI), Amparo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Amparo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Center for Education and Advanced Training (CEFAI), Amparo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Amparo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Center for Education and Advanced Training (CEFAI), Amparo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Amparo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af2-ccid-9-183">Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo</nlm:aff><country>Brésil</country><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ccid-9-183">University of Campinas, Campinas</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Campinas</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Research and Development Department, Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ibramed Research and Development Department, Amparo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ccid-9-183">University of Campinas, Campinas</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Campinas</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Research and Development Department, Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ibramed Research and Development Department, Amparo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation>Le document en format XML
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Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Advanced Dermatology Studies Group (GDA)</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sant Na, Estela" sort="Sant Na, Estela" uniqKey="Sant Na E" first="Estela" last="Sant Na">Estela Sant Na</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8-ccid-9-183">Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af9-ccid-9-183">University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName><country>Brésil</country><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10-ccid-9-183">Indústria Brasileira de Equipamentos Médicos (IBRAMED), Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Indústria Brasileira de Equipamentos Médicos 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Ramalho Pianez</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Center for Education and Advanced Training (CEFAI), Amparo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Amparo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cust Dio, Fernanda Silva" sort="Cust Dio, Fernanda Silva" uniqKey="Cust Dio F" first="Fernanda Silva" last="Cust Dio">Fernanda Silva Cust Dio</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Center for Education and Advanced Training (CEFAI), Amparo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Amparo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guidi, Renata Michelini" sort="Guidi, Renata Michelini" uniqKey="Guidi R" first="Renata Michelini" last="Guidi">Renata Michelini Guidi</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Center for Education and Advanced Training (CEFAI), Amparo</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Amparo</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af2-ccid-9-183">Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo</nlm:aff><country>Brésil</country><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-ccid-9-183">University of Campinas, Campinas</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Campinas</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4-ccid-9-183">Ibramed Research and Development Department, Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Ibramed Research and Development Department, Amparo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="De Freitas, Jauru Nunes" sort="De Freitas, Jauru Nunes" uniqKey="De Freitas J" first="Jauru Nunes" last="De Freitas">Jauru Nunes De Freitas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5-ccid-9-183">Universitá Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Universitá Tor Vergata, Rome</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af6-ccid-9-183">Centro de Medicina Pesquisa e Ensino (CEMEPE), Belo Horizonte</nlm:aff><country>Brésil</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Belo Horizonte</settlement><region type="state">Minas Gerais</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Centro de Medicina Pesquisa e Ensino (CEMEPE)</wicri:orgArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="af7-ccid-9-183">Advanced Dermatology Studies Group (GDA), Rio de Janeiro</nlm:aff><country>Brésil</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Rio de Janeiro</settlement><region type="state">État de Rio de Janeiro</region></placeName><wicri:orgArea>Advanced Dermatology Studies Group (GDA)</wicri:orgArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sant Na, Estela" sort="Sant Na, Estela" uniqKey="Sant Na E" first="Estela" last="Sant Na">Estela Sant Na</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af8-ccid-9-183">Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR)</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="af9-ccid-9-183">University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos</nlm:aff><orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName><country>Brésil</country><placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement><region type="state">État de São Paulo</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af10-ccid-9-183">Indústria Brasileira de Equipamentos Médicos (IBRAMED), Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country><wicri:regionArea>Indústria Brasileira de Equipamentos Médicos (IBRAMED), Amparo, São Paulo</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology</title><idno type="eISSN">1178-7015</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Carbon dioxide therapy, better known as carboxytherapy, relates to percutaneous infusion of medical carbon dioxide with therapeutic approaches, and its use in the treatment of localized fat has demonstrated good results. Gynoid lipodystrophy, also known as cellulite, affects 80%–90% of women after puberty, especially in the buttocks and thighs. Its etiology is complex and involves multifactorial aspects. Its treatment and evaluation require the use of new technologies (more effective and low-cost approaches). The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of cellulite in the areas of buttocks and posterior thigh.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Ten women, 29±6.1 years, were selected and all of them received eight treatment sessions, with an interval of 7 days between sessions. Standardized digital photographs were used to assess the severity of cellulite, and panoramic images were collected by ultrasound diagnosis. The evaluations were performed before the first treatment (baseline) and 7 days after the last treatment session of carboxytherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>After the treatment, there was a significant reduction (<italic>P</italic>=0.0025) of the cellulite from degree III to degree II, and this improvement had correlation with the improvement in the organization of the fibrous lines and the disposal of adipose tissue lines of the treated regions observed through the panoramic ultrasound images diagnosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Carboxytherapy is an effective technique of treatment of cellulite in the buttocks region and posterior thighs of healthy women.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schonvvetter, B" uniqKey="Schonvvetter B">B Schonvvetter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soares, Jlm" uniqKey="Soares J">JLM Soares</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bagatin, E" 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1178-7015</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Dove Medical Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27578994</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5001663</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.2147/CCID.S102503</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ccid-9-183</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of cellulite in healthy women: a pilot study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pianez</surname><given-names>Luana Ramalho</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccid-9-183">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Custódio</surname><given-names>Fernanda Silva</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccid-9-183">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guidi</surname><given-names>Renata Michelini</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ccid-9-183">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-ccid-9-183">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-ccid-9-183">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-ccid-9-183">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Freitas</surname><given-names>Jauru Nunes</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5-ccid-9-183">5</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6-ccid-9-183">6</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af7-ccid-9-183">7</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sant’Ana</surname><given-names>Estela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af8-ccid-9-183">8</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af9-ccid-9-183">9</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af10-ccid-9-183">10</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ccid-9-183"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ccid-9-183"><label>1</label>Ibramed Center for Education and Advanced Training (CEFAI), Amparo</aff><aff id="af2-ccid-9-183"><label>2</label>Irmandade Santa Casa de Misericórdia, São Paulo</aff><aff id="af3-ccid-9-183"><label>3</label>University of Campinas, Campinas</aff><aff id="af4-ccid-9-183"><label>4</label>Ibramed Research and Development Department, Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil</aff><aff id="af5-ccid-9-183"><label>5</label>Universitá Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy</aff><aff id="af6-ccid-9-183"><label>6</label>Centro de Medicina Pesquisa e Ensino (CEMEPE), Belo Horizonte</aff><aff id="af7-ccid-9-183"><label>7</label>Advanced Dermatology Studies Group (GDA), Rio de Janeiro</aff><aff id="af8-ccid-9-183"><label>8</label>Federal University of São Carlos (UFSCAR)</aff><aff id="af9-ccid-9-183"><label>9</label>University of São Paulo (USP), São Carlos</aff><aff id="af10-ccid-9-183"><label>10</label>Indústria Brasileira de Equipamentos Médicos (IBRAMED), Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ccid-9-183">Correspondence: Estela Sant’Ana, IBRAMED, Av Dr Carlos Burgos, 2800, Jd Itália, CEP 13901-080, Amparo, São Paulo, Brazil, Tel +55 19 3817 9633, Fax +55 19 3817 9634, Email <email>estela@ibramed.com.br</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><fpage>183</fpage><lpage>190</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 Pianez et al. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license><license-p>The full terms of this license are available at <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php">https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php</ext-link> and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/</ext-link>). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Carbon dioxide therapy, better known as carboxytherapy, relates to percutaneous infusion of medical carbon dioxide with therapeutic approaches, and its use in the treatment of localized fat has demonstrated good results. Gynoid lipodystrophy, also known as cellulite, affects 80%–90% of women after puberty, especially in the buttocks and thighs. Its etiology is complex and involves multifactorial aspects. Its treatment and evaluation require the use of new technologies (more effective and low-cost approaches). The objective was to investigate the effectiveness of carboxytherapy in the treatment of cellulite in the areas of buttocks and posterior thigh.</p></sec><sec><title>Patients and methods</title><p>Ten women, 29±6.1 years, were selected and all of them received eight treatment sessions, with an interval of 7 days between sessions. Standardized digital photographs were used to assess the severity of cellulite, and panoramic images were collected by ultrasound diagnosis. The evaluations were performed before the first treatment (baseline) and 7 days after the last treatment session of carboxytherapy.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>After the treatment, there was a significant reduction (<italic>P</italic>=0.0025) of the cellulite from degree III to degree II, and this improvement had correlation with the improvement in the organization of the fibrous lines and the disposal of adipose tissue lines of the treated regions observed through the panoramic ultrasound images diagnosis.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Carboxytherapy is an effective technique of treatment of cellulite in the buttocks region and posterior thighs of healthy women.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><title>Keywords</title><kwd>carbon dioxide</kwd><kwd>cellulite</kwd><kwd>localized fat</kwd><kwd>gynoid lipodystrophy</kwd><kwd>skin</kwd><kwd>panoramic ultrasound</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ccid-9-183" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Points of CO<sub>2</sub> infusion; (<bold>B</bold>) position and angulation of needle placement for infusion, depth of ~10 mm (30 G × 1/2 inch size needle).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccid-9-183Fig1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ccid-9-183" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Cellulite degree evaluation according to generally accepted classification of cellulite, baseline (before) and 7 days after the last carboxytherapy session. <bold>Note:</bold> **<italic>P</italic>=0.0025.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccid-9-183Fig2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-ccid-9-183" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Comparative photographic register of the aspect of cellulite. Notes: (<bold>A</bold>, <bold>C</bold>) Rear view of gluteus and posterior right thigh at baseline; (<bold>B</bold>, <bold>D</bold>) rear view of right gluteus 7 days after the last carboxytherapy session; (<bold>E</bold>, <bold>G</bold>) right side view at baseline; and (<bold>F</bold>, <bold>H</bold>) rear view of the right gluteus after the last session of carboxytherapy.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccid-9-183Fig3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4-ccid-9-183" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Comparative panoramic images of gluteal region.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>, <bold>C</bold>) Before treatment with carboxytherapy; (<bold>B</bold>, <bold>D</bold>) 7 days after the last session. Note the hyperechoic areas: bright echoes, highly reflective structures (white = dermis and fibrotic septa) and hypoechoic areas: sparse echoes, reflection, or intermediate transmission (gray = adipose tissue and skeletal muscle). The arrows indicate the areas compared and the decrease of the thickness of the fibrotic septa after treatment.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccid-9-183Fig4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5-ccid-9-183" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Comparative panoramic images of the posterior thigh.</p><p><bold>Notes:</bold> (<bold>A</bold>, <bold>C</bold>) Before treatment with carboxytherapy; (<bold>B</bold>, <bold>D</bold>) 7 days after the last session. Note the hyperechoic areas: bright echoes, highly reflective structures (white = dermis and fibrotic septa) and hypoechoic areas: sparse echoes, reflection, or intermediate transmission (gray = adipose tissue and skeletal muscle). The arrows indicate the areas compared and the decrease of the thickness of the fibrotic septa after treatment.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ccid-9-183Fig5"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ccid-9-183" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Mean and standard deviation of the average of our patient population (age, body weight, BMI, and body fat percentage) at baseline and after treatment (7 days after the last carboxytherapy session).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="3" valign="top" align="left" colspan="1">Volunteer N=10</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Weight (kg)</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</th><th colspan="2" valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1">Body fat (%)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="7" valign="bottom" align="left" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age (years)</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Baseline</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After treatment</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Baseline</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After treatment</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Baseline</th><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">After treatment</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.2</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">73.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.6</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.5</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.7</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.6</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.5</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.4</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.4</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.7</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.0</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.8</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.2</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.5</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.0</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Mean ± SD</bold></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29±5.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.0±8.1</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68.0±9.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.3±2.9</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.5±3.3</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.1±09</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.7±4.3</td></tr><tr><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>>0.05</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.10</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.20</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>=0.73</td><td valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ccid-9-183"><p><bold>Notes:</bold> Classification weight by BMI: <18.5 (underweight), 18.5–24.9 (normal range), 25.0–29.9 (overweight), 30.0–34.9 (obesity class I), 35.0–39.9 (obesity class II), and ≥40.0 (obesity class III).<xref rid="b13-ccid-9-183" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>–<xref rid="b15-ccid-9-183" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></p></fn><fn id="tfn2-ccid-9-183"><p><bold>Abbreviations:</bold> BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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