Fire in the vein: Heroin acidity and its proximal effect on users’ health
Identifieur interne : 003883 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 003882; suivant : 003884Fire in the vein: Heroin acidity and its proximal effect on users’ health
Auteurs : Daniel Ciccarone [États-Unis] ; Magdalena Harris [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- The International journal on drug policy [ 0955-3959 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
The loss of functioning veins (venous sclerosis) is a root cause of suffering for long-term heroin injectors. In addition to perpetual frustration and loss of pleasure/esteem, venous sclerosis leads to myriad medical consequences including skin infections, for example, abscess, and possibly elevated HIV/HCV risks due to injection into larger jugular and femoral veins. The etiology of venous sclerosis is unknown and users’ perceptions of cause/meaning unexplored.
This commentary stems from our hypothesis that venous sclerosis is causally related to heroin acidity, which varies by heroin source-form and preparation. We report pilot study data on first ever
Heroin pH testing in natural settings is feasible and a useful tool for further research. Our preliminary findings, for example, that different heroin source-forms and preparations have a two log difference in acidity, have potentially broad, vital and readily implementable harm reduction implications.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.009
PubMed: 26077143
PubMed Central: 5152678
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<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9014759</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">21498</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Drug Policy</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int. J. Drug Policy</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The International journal on drug policy</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0955-3959</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1873-4758</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26077143</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5152678</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.009</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS834042</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Fire in the vein: Heroin acidity and its proximal effect on users’ health</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ciccarone</surname><given-names>Daniel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">a</xref><xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harris</surname><given-names>Magdalena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">b</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>a</label>Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, USA</aff><aff id="A2"><label>b</label>Centre for Research on Drugs and Health Behaviour, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>*</label>Corresponding author. <email>ciccaron@fcm.ucsf.edu</email> (D. Ciccarone)</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>6</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>12</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>26</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1103</fpage><lpage>1110</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2015.04.009</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">The loss of functioning veins (venous sclerosis) is a root cause of suffering for long-term heroin injectors. In addition to perpetual frustration and loss of pleasure/esteem, venous sclerosis leads to myriad medical consequences including skin infections, for example, abscess, and possibly elevated HIV/HCV risks due to injection into larger jugular and femoral veins. The etiology of venous sclerosis is unknown and users’ perceptions of cause/meaning unexplored.</p><p id="P2">This commentary stems from our hypothesis that venous sclerosis is causally related to heroin acidity, which varies by heroin source-form and preparation. We report pilot study data on first ever <italic>in vivo</italic> measurements of heroin pH and as well as qualitative data on users’ concerns and perceptions regarding the caustic nature of heroin and its effects.</p><p id="P3">Heroin pH testing in natural settings is feasible and a useful tool for further research. Our preliminary findings, for example, that different heroin source-forms and preparations have a two log difference in acidity, have potentially broad, vital and readily implementable harm reduction implications.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Heroin</kwd><kwd>Injection drug use</kwd><kwd>Risk environment</kwd><kwd>Skin and soft tissue infection</kwd><kwd>Venous sclerosis</kwd><kwd>Vein care</kwd><kwd>Vein damage</kwd><kwd>Vein loss</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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