Ex-Vivo Lymphatic Perfusion System for Independently Controlling Pressure Gradient and Transmural Pressure in Isolated Vessels
Identifieur interne : 003297 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 003296; suivant : 003298Ex-Vivo Lymphatic Perfusion System for Independently Controlling Pressure Gradient and Transmural Pressure in Isolated Vessels
Auteurs : Jeffrey A. Kornuta ; J. Brandon DixonSource :
- Annals of biomedical engineering [ 0090-6964 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
In addition to external forces, collecting lymphatic vessels intrinsically contract to transport lymph from the extremities to the venous circulation. As a result, the lymphatic endothelium is routinely exposed to a wide range of dynamic mechanical forces, primarily fluid shear stress and circumferential stress, which have both been shown to affect lymphatic pumping activity. Although various ex-vivo perfusion systems exist to study this innate pumping activity in response to mechanical stimuli, none are capable of independently controlling the two primary mechanical forces affecting lymphatic contractility: transaxial pressure gradient, Δ
Url:
DOI: 10.1007/s10439-014-1024-6
PubMed: 24809724
PubMed Central: 4437633
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">In addition to external forces, collecting lymphatic vessels intrinsically contract to transport lymph from the extremities to the venous circulation. As a result, the lymphatic endothelium is routinely exposed to a wide range of dynamic mechanical forces, primarily fluid shear stress and circumferential stress, which have both been shown to affect lymphatic pumping activity. Although various ex-vivo perfusion systems exist to study this innate pumping activity in response to mechanical stimuli, none are capable of independently controlling the two primary mechanical forces affecting lymphatic contractility: transaxial pressure gradient, Δ<italic>P</italic>
, which governs fluid shear stress; and average transmural pressure, <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
, which governs circumferential stress. Hence, the authors describe a novel ex-vivo lymphatic perfusion system (ELPS) capable of independently controlling these two outputs using a linear, explicit model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. The ELPS is capable of reproducing arbitrary waveforms within the frequency range observed in the lymphatics in vivo, including a time-varying Δ<italic>P</italic>
with a constant <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
, time-varying Δ<italic>P</italic>
and <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
, and a constant Δ<italic>P</italic>
with a time-varying <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
. In addition, due to its implementation of syringes to actuate the working fluid, a post-hoc method of estimating both the flow rate through the vessel and fluid wall shear stress over multiple, long (5 sec) time windows is also described.</p>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0361512</journal-id>
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<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
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<title-group><article-title>Ex-Vivo Lymphatic Perfusion System for Independently Controlling Pressure Gradient and Transmural Pressure in Isolated Vessels</article-title>
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<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kornuta</surname>
<given-names>Jeffrey A.</given-names>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dixon</surname>
<given-names>J. Brandon</given-names>
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<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
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<aff id="A1">Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332</aff>
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<author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>*</label>
Address all correspondence to this author (<email>dixon@gatech.edu</email>
)</corresp>
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<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>23</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2015</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>09</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2014</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month>
<year>2014</year>
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<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2015</year>
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<volume>42</volume>
<issue>8</issue>
<fpage>1691</fpage>
<lpage>1704</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1007/s10439-014-1024-6</pmc-comment>
<abstract><p id="P1">In addition to external forces, collecting lymphatic vessels intrinsically contract to transport lymph from the extremities to the venous circulation. As a result, the lymphatic endothelium is routinely exposed to a wide range of dynamic mechanical forces, primarily fluid shear stress and circumferential stress, which have both been shown to affect lymphatic pumping activity. Although various ex-vivo perfusion systems exist to study this innate pumping activity in response to mechanical stimuli, none are capable of independently controlling the two primary mechanical forces affecting lymphatic contractility: transaxial pressure gradient, Δ<italic>P</italic>
, which governs fluid shear stress; and average transmural pressure, <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
, which governs circumferential stress. Hence, the authors describe a novel ex-vivo lymphatic perfusion system (ELPS) capable of independently controlling these two outputs using a linear, explicit model predictive control (MPC) algorithm. The ELPS is capable of reproducing arbitrary waveforms within the frequency range observed in the lymphatics in vivo, including a time-varying Δ<italic>P</italic>
with a constant <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
, time-varying Δ<italic>P</italic>
and <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
, and a constant Δ<italic>P</italic>
with a time-varying <italic>P</italic>
<sub>avg</sub>
. In addition, due to its implementation of syringes to actuate the working fluid, a post-hoc method of estimating both the flow rate through the vessel and fluid wall shear stress over multiple, long (5 sec) time windows is also described.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>lymphatic biomechanics</kwd>
<kwd>vascular perfusion system</kwd>
<kwd>model predictive control</kwd>
</kwd-group>
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</front>
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