Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis are Vectors in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in Ghana
Identifieur interne : 002B17 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 002B16; suivant : 002B18Mansonia africana and Mansonia uniformis are Vectors in the transmission of Wuchereria bancrofti lymphatic filariasis in Ghana
Auteurs : Josephine Ughasi [Ghana] ; Hilaria Esiawonam Bekard [Ghana] ; Maimouna Coulibaly [Mali] ; Delphina Adabie-Gomez [Ghana] ; John Gyapong [Ghana] ; Maxwell Appawu [Ghana] ; Michael David Wilson [Ghana] ; Daniel Adjei Boakye [Ghana]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Recent data from Ghana indicates that after seven rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA) there is still sustained transmission albeit at low levels in certain areas where
Indoor mosquitoes collected once a month for three months using pyrethrum spray catches in six communities within the Kommenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (KEEA) District, Central Region of Ghana were morphologically identified, dissected and examined for the presence of
A total of 825 indoor resting mosquitoes comprising of 501
This is the first report of
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-89
PubMed: 22564488
PubMed Central: 3419659
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en"><italic>Mansonia africana</italic> and <italic>Mansonia uniformis</italic> are Vectors in the transmission of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> lymphatic filariasis in Ghana</title><author><name sortKey="Ughasi, Josephine" sort="Ughasi, Josephine" uniqKey="Ughasi J" first="Josephine" last="Ughasi">Josephine Ughasi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bekard, Hilaria Esiawonam" sort="Bekard, Hilaria Esiawonam" uniqKey="Bekard H" first="Hilaria Esiawonam" last="Bekard">Hilaria Esiawonam Bekard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, Maimouna" sort="Coulibaly, Maimouna" uniqKey="Coulibaly M" first="Maimouna" last="Coulibaly">Maimouna Coulibaly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">The Malaria Research and Training Centre, Bamako, Mali</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country><wicri:regionArea>The Malaria Research and Training Centre, Bamako</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adabie Gomez, Delphina" sort="Adabie Gomez, Delphina" uniqKey="Adabie Gomez D" first="Delphina" last="Adabie-Gomez">Delphina Adabie-Gomez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyapong, John" sort="Gyapong, John" uniqKey="Gyapong J" first="John" last="Gyapong">John Gyapong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appawu, Maxwell" sort="Appawu, Maxwell" uniqKey="Appawu M" first="Maxwell" last="Appawu">Maxwell Appawu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Michael David" sort="Wilson, Michael David" uniqKey="Wilson M" first="Michael David" last="Wilson">Michael David Wilson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" sort="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel Adjei" last="Boakye">Daniel Adjei Boakye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22564488</idno><idno type="pmc">3419659</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3419659</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3419659</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/1756-3305-5-89</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002B18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002B18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">002B17</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">002B17</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main"><italic>Mansonia africana</italic> and <italic>Mansonia uniformis</italic> are Vectors in the transmission of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> lymphatic filariasis in Ghana</title><author><name sortKey="Ughasi, Josephine" sort="Ughasi, Josephine" uniqKey="Ughasi J" first="Josephine" last="Ughasi">Josephine Ughasi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bekard, Hilaria Esiawonam" sort="Bekard, Hilaria Esiawonam" uniqKey="Bekard H" first="Hilaria Esiawonam" last="Bekard">Hilaria Esiawonam Bekard</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, Maimouna" sort="Coulibaly, Maimouna" uniqKey="Coulibaly M" first="Maimouna" last="Coulibaly">Maimouna Coulibaly</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">The Malaria Research and Training Centre, Bamako, Mali</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mali</country><wicri:regionArea>The Malaria Research and Training Centre, Bamako</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adabie Gomez, Delphina" sort="Adabie Gomez, Delphina" uniqKey="Adabie Gomez D" first="Delphina" last="Adabie-Gomez">Delphina Adabie-Gomez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gyapong, John" sort="Gyapong, John" uniqKey="Gyapong J" first="John" last="Gyapong">John Gyapong</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Appawu, Maxwell" sort="Appawu, Maxwell" uniqKey="Appawu M" first="Maxwell" last="Appawu">Maxwell Appawu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilson, Michael David" sort="Wilson, Michael David" uniqKey="Wilson M" first="Michael David" last="Wilson">Michael David Wilson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" sort="Boakye, Daniel Adjei" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel Adjei" last="Boakye">Daniel Adjei Boakye</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Recent data from Ghana indicates that after seven rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA) there is still sustained transmission albeit at low levels in certain areas where <italic>Anopheles melas</italic>, <italic>An. gambiae</italic> s.s., <italic>Mansonia</italic> and <italic>Culex</italic> species are the main biting mosquitoes. <italic>Anopheles gambiae</italic> s.l. and <italic>An. funestus</italic> are the known vectors in Ghana and a recent report indicated that <italic>An. melas</italic> could transmit at low level microfilaraemia. However, because <italic>An. melas</italic> is not found everywhere there was the need to determine whether any of the other culicine species could also be playing a role in the transmission of LF.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Indoor mosquitoes collected once a month for three months using pyrethrum spray catches in six communities within the Kommenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (KEEA) District, Central Region of Ghana were morphologically identified, dissected and examined for the presence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>. Additionally, stored mosquito samples collected during previous years in 8 communities from the Gomoa District also in the Central Region were similarly processed. The identities of all <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> parasites found were confirmed using an established PCR method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 825 indoor resting mosquitoes comprising of 501 <italic>Anopheles</italic> species, 239 <italic>Mansonia</italic> species, 84 <italic>Culex</italic> species and 1 <italic>Aedes</italic> species were dissected and examined for the presence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>. <italic>Mansonia africana</italic> had infection and infectivity rates of 2.5<italic>%</italic>. and 2.1% respectively. <italic>Anopheles gambiae</italic> s.l. had an infection rate of 0.4% and a similar infectivity rate. None of the <italic>Culex</italic> sp. and <italic>Aedes</italic> sp were found with infection. From the stored mosquitoes the infection and infectivity rates for <italic>M. africana</italic> were 7.6% (N = 144) and 2.8% respectively whilst the corresponding rates for <italic>M. uniformis</italic> were 2.9% (N = 244) and 0.8%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This is the first report of <italic>Mansonia</italic> species as vectors of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Ghana and in West Africa since that of 1958 in Guinea. The revelation of a hitherto unrecognised vector which is possibly more efficient in transmission than the recognised ones has a profound implication for elimination of lymphatic filariasis programmes in the sub-region.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Appawu, M" uniqKey="Appawu M">M Appawu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nkrumah, Fk" uniqKey="Nkrumah F">FK Nkrumah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baffoe Wilmot, A" uniqKey="Baffoe Wilmot A">A Baffoe-Wilmot</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dzodzomenyo, Md" uniqKey="Dzodzomenyo M">MD Dzodzomenyo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Parasit Vectors</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Parasit Vectors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Parasites & Vectors</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1756-3305</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22564488</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3419659</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1756-3305-5-89</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1756-3305-5-89</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title><italic>Mansonia africana</italic> and <italic>Mansonia uniformis</italic> are Vectors in the transmission of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> lymphatic filariasis in Ghana</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A1"><name><surname>Ughasi</surname><given-names>Josephine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref><email>successjosy2003@yahoo.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2"><name><surname>Bekard</surname><given-names>Hilaria Esiawonam</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>hilamuzu@gmail.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3"><name><surname>Coulibaly</surname><given-names>Maimouna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref><email>maycoul@yahoo.fr</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4"><name><surname>Adabie-Gomez</surname><given-names>Delphina</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3">3</xref><email>dadabiegomez@yahoo.com</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5"><name><surname>Gyapong</surname><given-names>John</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">4</xref><email>jgyapong@ug.edu.gh</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A6"><name><surname>Appawu</surname><given-names>Maxwell</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><email>mappawu@noguchi.mimcom.org</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" id="A7"><name><surname>Wilson</surname><given-names>Michael David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">4</xref><email>mwilson@noguchi.mimcom.org</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A8"><name><surname>Boakye</surname><given-names>Daniel Adjei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4">4</xref><email>dboakye@noguchi.mimcom.org</email></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><label>1</label>Department of Parasitology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</aff><aff id="I2"><label>2</label>The Malaria Research and Training Centre, Bamako, Mali</aff><aff id="I3"><label>3</label>African Regional Programme for Insect Science (ARPPIS), University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana</aff><aff id="I4"><label>4</label>Lymphatic Filariasis Support Centre for Africa, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 581, Legon-Accra, Ghana</aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>5</volume><fpage>89</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>31</day><month>10</month><year>2011</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>7</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright ©2012 Ughasi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Ughasi et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/89"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>Recent data from Ghana indicates that after seven rounds of annual mass drug administration (MDA) there is still sustained transmission albeit at low levels in certain areas where <italic>Anopheles melas</italic>, <italic>An. gambiae</italic> s.s., <italic>Mansonia</italic> and <italic>Culex</italic> species are the main biting mosquitoes. <italic>Anopheles gambiae</italic> s.l. and <italic>An. funestus</italic> are the known vectors in Ghana and a recent report indicated that <italic>An. melas</italic> could transmit at low level microfilaraemia. However, because <italic>An. melas</italic> is not found everywhere there was the need to determine whether any of the other culicine species could also be playing a role in the transmission of LF.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Indoor mosquitoes collected once a month for three months using pyrethrum spray catches in six communities within the Kommenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abirem (KEEA) District, Central Region of Ghana were morphologically identified, dissected and examined for the presence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>. Additionally, stored mosquito samples collected during previous years in 8 communities from the Gomoa District also in the Central Region were similarly processed. The identities of all <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> parasites found were confirmed using an established PCR method.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 825 indoor resting mosquitoes comprising of 501 <italic>Anopheles</italic> species, 239 <italic>Mansonia</italic> species, 84 <italic>Culex</italic> species and 1 <italic>Aedes</italic> species were dissected and examined for the presence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>. <italic>Mansonia africana</italic> had infection and infectivity rates of 2.5<italic>%</italic>. and 2.1% respectively. <italic>Anopheles gambiae</italic> s.l. had an infection rate of 0.4% and a similar infectivity rate. None of the <italic>Culex</italic> sp. and <italic>Aedes</italic> sp were found with infection. From the stored mosquitoes the infection and infectivity rates for <italic>M. africana</italic> were 7.6% (N = 144) and 2.8% respectively whilst the corresponding rates for <italic>M. uniformis</italic> were 2.9% (N = 244) and 0.8%.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This is the first report of <italic>Mansonia</italic> species as vectors of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Ghana and in West Africa since that of 1958 in Guinea. The revelation of a hitherto unrecognised vector which is possibly more efficient in transmission than the recognised ones has a profound implication for elimination of lymphatic filariasis programmes in the sub-region.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd><italic>Mansonia</italic> species</kwd><kwd><italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic></kwd><kwd>Vectors</kwd><kwd>Lymphatic filariasis</kwd><kwd>Ghana</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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