Concerted Efforts to Control or Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases: How Much Health Will Be Gained?
Identifieur interne : 000819 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000818; suivant : 000820Concerted Efforts to Control or Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases: How Much Health Will Be Gained?
Auteurs : Sake J. De Vlas [Pays-Bas] ; Wilma A. Stolk [Pays-Bas] ; Epke A. Le Rutte [Pays-Bas] ; Jan A. C. Hontelez [Pays-Bas] ; Roel Bakker [Pays-Bas] ; David J. Blok [Pays-Bas] ; Rui Cai [Pays-Bas] ; Tanja A. J. Houweling [Pays-Bas] ; Margarete C. Kulik [Pays-Bas, États-Unis] ; Edeltraud J. Lenk [Pays-Bas] ; Marianne Luyendijk [Pays-Bas] ; Suzette M. Matthijsse [Pays-Bas] ; William K. Redekop [Pays-Bas] ; Inge Wagenaar [Pays-Bas] ; Julie Jacobson [États-Unis] ; Nico J. D. Nagelkerke [Pays-Bas] ; Jan H. Richardus [Pays-Bas]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
The London Declaration (2012) was formulated to support and focus the control and elimination of ten neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), with targets for 2020 as formulated by the WHO Roadmap. Five NTDs (lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths and trachoma) are to be controlled by preventive chemotherapy (PCT), and four (Chagas’ disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis) by innovative and intensified disease management (IDM). Guinea worm, virtually eradicated, is not considered here. We aim to estimate the global health impact of meeting these targets in terms of averted morbidity, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs).
The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study provides prevalence and burden estimates for all nine NTDs in 1990 and 2010, by country, age and sex, which were taken as the basis for our calculations. Estimates for other years were obtained by interpolating between 1990 (or the start-year of large-scale control efforts) and 2010, and further extrapolating until 2030, such that the 2020 targets were met. The NTD disease manifestations considered in the GBD study were analyzed as either reversible or irreversible. Health impacts were assessed by comparing the results of achieving the targets with the counterfactual, construed as the health burden had the 1990 (or 2010 if higher) situation continued unabated.
Our calculations show that meeting the targets will lead to about 600 million averted DALYs in the period 2011–2030, nearly equally distributed between PCT and IDM-NTDs, with the health gain amongst PCT-NTDs mostly (96%) due to averted disability and amongst IDM-NTDs largely (95%) from averted mortality. These health gains include about 150 million averted irreversible disease manifestations (e.g. blindness) and 5 million averted deaths. Control of soil-transmitted helminths accounts for one third of all averted DALYs. We conclude that the projected health impact of the London Declaration justifies the required efforts.
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DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004386
PubMed: 26890362
PubMed Central: 4758649
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Richardus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26890362</idno><idno type="pmc">4758649</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4758649</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4758649</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004386</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000819</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000819</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000819</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000819</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Concerted Efforts to Control or Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases: How Much Health Will Be Gained?</title><author><name sortKey="De Vlas, Sake J" sort="De Vlas, Sake J" uniqKey="De Vlas S" first="Sake J." last="De Vlas">Sake J. De Vlas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stolk, Wilma A" sort="Stolk, Wilma A" uniqKey="Stolk W" first="Wilma A." last="Stolk">Wilma A. Stolk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Le Rutte, Epke A" sort="Le Rutte, Epke A" uniqKey="Le Rutte E" first="Epke A." last="Le Rutte">Epke A. Le Rutte</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hontelez, Jan A C" sort="Hontelez, Jan A C" uniqKey="Hontelez J" first="Jan A. C." last="Hontelez">Jan A. C. Hontelez</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bakker, Roel" sort="Bakker, Roel" uniqKey="Bakker R" first="Roel" last="Bakker">Roel Bakker</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blok, David J" sort="Blok, David J" uniqKey="Blok D" first="David J." last="Blok">David J. Blok</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Rui" sort="Cai, Rui" uniqKey="Cai R" first="Rui" last="Cai">Rui Cai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Houweling, Tanja A J" sort="Houweling, Tanja A J" uniqKey="Houweling T" first="Tanja A. J." last="Houweling">Tanja A. J. Houweling</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kulik, Margarete C" sort="Kulik, Margarete C" uniqKey="Kulik M" first="Margarete C." last="Kulik">Margarete C. Kulik</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lenk, Edeltraud J" sort="Lenk, Edeltraud J" uniqKey="Lenk E" first="Edeltraud J." last="Lenk">Edeltraud J. Lenk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Luyendijk, Marianne" sort="Luyendijk, Marianne" uniqKey="Luyendijk M" first="Marianne" last="Luyendijk">Marianne Luyendijk</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matthijsse, Suzette M" sort="Matthijsse, Suzette M" uniqKey="Matthijsse S" first="Suzette M." last="Matthijsse">Suzette M. Matthijsse</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Redekop, William K" sort="Redekop, William K" uniqKey="Redekop W" first="William K." last="Redekop">William K. Redekop</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagenaar, Inge" sort="Wagenaar, Inge" uniqKey="Wagenaar I" first="Inge" last="Wagenaar">Inge Wagenaar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jacobson, Julie" sort="Jacobson, Julie" uniqKey="Jacobson J" first="Julie" last="Jacobson">Julie Jacobson</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nagelkerke, Nico J D" sort="Nagelkerke, Nico J D" uniqKey="Nagelkerke N" first="Nico J. D." last="Nagelkerke">Nico J. D. Nagelkerke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Richardus, Jan H" sort="Richardus, Jan H" uniqKey="Richardus J" first="Jan H." last="Richardus">Jan H. Richardus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>The London Declaration (2012) was formulated to support and focus the control and elimination of ten neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), with targets for 2020 as formulated by the WHO Roadmap. Five NTDs (lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths and trachoma) are to be controlled by preventive chemotherapy (PCT), and four (Chagas’ disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis) by innovative and intensified disease management (IDM). Guinea worm, virtually eradicated, is not considered here. We aim to estimate the global health impact of meeting these targets in terms of averted morbidity, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs).</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study provides prevalence and burden estimates for all nine NTDs in 1990 and 2010, by country, age and sex, which were taken as the basis for our calculations. Estimates for other years were obtained by interpolating between 1990 (or the start-year of large-scale control efforts) and 2010, and further extrapolating until 2030, such that the 2020 targets were met. The NTD disease manifestations considered in the GBD study were analyzed as either reversible or irreversible. Health impacts were assessed by comparing the results of achieving the targets with the counterfactual, construed as the health burden had the 1990 (or 2010 if higher) situation continued unabated.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Principle Findings/Conclusions</title><p>Our calculations show that meeting the targets will lead to about 600 million averted DALYs in the period 2011–2030, nearly equally distributed between PCT and IDM-NTDs, with the health gain amongst PCT-NTDs mostly (96%) due to averted disability and amongst IDM-NTDs largely (95%) from averted mortality. These health gains include about 150 million averted irreversible disease manifestations (e.g. blindness) and 5 million averted deaths. Control of soil-transmitted helminths accounts for one third of all averted DALYs. We conclude that the projected health impact of the London Declaration justifies the required efforts.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lozano, R" uniqKey="Lozano R">R Lozano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naghavi, M" uniqKey="Naghavi M">M Naghavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Foreman, K" uniqKey="Foreman K">K Foreman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lim, S" uniqKey="Lim S">S Lim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shibuya, K" uniqKey="Shibuya K">K Shibuya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vos, T" uniqKey="Vos T">T Vos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Flaxman, Ad" uniqKey="Flaxman A">AD Flaxman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naghavi, M" uniqKey="Naghavi M">M Naghavi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lozano, R" uniqKey="Lozano R">R Lozano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michaud, C" uniqKey="Michaud C">C 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosntds</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1935-2727</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1935-2735</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26890362</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4758649</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004386</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PNTD-D-15-00851</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Global Health</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Neglected Tropical Diseases</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Public and Occupational Health</subject><subj-group><subject>Disabilities</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Parasitic Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Helminth Infections</subject><subj-group><subject>Schistosomiasis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Neglected Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Schistosomiasis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Neglected Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Chagas Disease</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Parasitic Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Protozoan Infections</subject><subj-group><subject>Chagas Disease</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Bacterial Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Leprosy</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Neglected Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Leprosy</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>People and Places</subject><subj-group><subject>Demography</subject><subj-group><subject>Death Rates</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Biology and Life Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Biology</subject><subj-group><subject>Population Metrics</subject><subj-group><subject>Death Rates</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v3"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Infectious Disease Control</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Concerted Efforts to Control or Eliminate Neglected Tropical Diseases: How Much Health Will Be Gained?</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Health Gains of NTD Control or Elimination</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>de Vlas</surname><given-names>Sake J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor001">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Stolk</surname><given-names>Wilma A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>le Rutte</surname><given-names>Epke A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hontelez</surname><given-names>Jan A. C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bakker</surname><given-names>Roel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Blok</surname><given-names>David J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cai</surname><given-names>Rui</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Houweling</surname><given-names>Tanja A. J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kulik</surname><given-names>Margarete C.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lenk</surname><given-names>Edeltraud J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Luyendijk</surname><given-names>Marianne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Matthijsse</surname><given-names>Suzette M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Redekop</surname><given-names>William K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wagenaar</surname><given-names>Inge</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jacobson</surname><given-names>Julie</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nagelkerke</surname><given-names>Nico J. D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Richardus</surname><given-names>Jan H.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Center for Tobacco Control Research and Education, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, Washington, United States of America</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Song</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>University of Florida, UNITED STATES</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: SJdV WAS JJ NJDN JHR. Performed the experiments: WAS EAlR JACH RB DJB RC TAJH MCK EJL ML SMM WKR IW. Analyzed the data: SJdV WAS EAlR JACH RB NJDN JHR. Wrote the paper: SJdV WAS EAlR JACH WKR JJ NJDN JHR. Designed the software used in the analyses: JACH RB.</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>s.devlas@erasmusmc.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>18</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>2</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>10</volume><issue>2</issue><elocation-id>e0004386</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>18</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>21</day><month>12</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© 2016 de Vlas et al</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>de Vlas et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pntd.0004386.pdf"></self-uri><related-article id="d36e414" related-article-type="companion" ext-link-type="doi" xlink:href="10.1371/journal.pntd.0004397"><article-title>Productivity Loss Related to Neglected Tropical Diseases Eligible for Preventive Chemotherapy: a Systematic Literature Review</article-title></related-article><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>The London Declaration (2012) was formulated to support and focus the control and elimination of ten neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), with targets for 2020 as formulated by the WHO Roadmap. Five NTDs (lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, schistosomiasis, soil-transmitted helminths and trachoma) are to be controlled by preventive chemotherapy (PCT), and four (Chagas’ disease, human African trypanosomiasis, leprosy and visceral leishmaniasis) by innovative and intensified disease management (IDM). Guinea worm, virtually eradicated, is not considered here. We aim to estimate the global health impact of meeting these targets in terms of averted morbidity, mortality, and disability adjusted life years (DALYs).</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 study provides prevalence and burden estimates for all nine NTDs in 1990 and 2010, by country, age and sex, which were taken as the basis for our calculations. Estimates for other years were obtained by interpolating between 1990 (or the start-year of large-scale control efforts) and 2010, and further extrapolating until 2030, such that the 2020 targets were met. The NTD disease manifestations considered in the GBD study were analyzed as either reversible or irreversible. Health impacts were assessed by comparing the results of achieving the targets with the counterfactual, construed as the health burden had the 1990 (or 2010 if higher) situation continued unabated.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Principle Findings/Conclusions</title><p>Our calculations show that meeting the targets will lead to about 600 million averted DALYs in the period 2011–2030, nearly equally distributed between PCT and IDM-NTDs, with the health gain amongst PCT-NTDs mostly (96%) due to averted disability and amongst IDM-NTDs largely (95%) from averted mortality. These health gains include about 150 million averted irreversible disease manifestations (e.g. blindness) and 5 million averted deaths. Control of soil-transmitted helminths accounts for one third of all averted DALYs. We conclude that the projected health impact of the London Declaration justifies the required efforts.</p></sec></abstract><abstract abstract-type="summary"><title>Author Summary</title><p>Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are a group of infectious diseases that occur mostly in poor, warm countries. NTDs are caused by various bacteria and parasites, such as worms. They can either be cured or prevented through drugs and other interventions, such as control of insects that spread the infection. The London Declaration is a statement by various organizations, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and pharmaceutical companies that donate the necessary drugs. The declaration endorses targets for disease reductions by 2020, as recently formulated in the WHO Roadmap, to be achieved by rigorous application of available interventions. We explore how much health can be gained if these targets are indeed achieved. We estimate that in such case 5 million deaths can be averted before 2030 and also that huge reductions in ill-health and disability can be realized. Over the period 2011–2030, a total health gain would be accomplished of about 600 million disability adjusted life years (DALYs) averted. DALYs are a measure of disease burden, consisting of life years lost and years lived with disability. This enormous health gain seems to justify similar investments as for e.g. HIV or malaria control.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This study was funded by a grant (OPP1086560) from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.gatesfoundation.org">www.gatesfoundation.org</ext-link>). JJ (BMGF) has contributed to conceiving the study and revising the manuscript. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, and decision to publish.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="2"></fig-count><table-count count="4"></table-count><page-count count="14"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>The open-access web-based dissemination tool (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://erasmusmcmgz.shinyapps.io/dissemination/">https://erasmusmcmgz.shinyapps.io/dissemination/</ext-link>) contains all underlying GDB data, intermediate values, assumptions about WHO targets, and country-specific results.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>The open-access web-based dissemination tool (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://erasmusmcmgz.shinyapps.io/dissemination/">https://erasmusmcmgz.shinyapps.io/dissemination/</ext-link>) contains all underlying GDB data, intermediate values, assumptions about WHO targets, and country-specific results.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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