Progress and Impact of 13 Years of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on Reducing the Burden of Filarial Disease
Identifieur interne : 000416 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000415; suivant : 000417Progress and Impact of 13 Years of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on Reducing the Burden of Filarial Disease
Auteurs : K. D. Ramaiah [Inde] ; Eric A. Ottesen [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
A Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, with mass drug administration (MDA) as the core strategy of the programme. After completing 13 years of operations through 2012 and with MDA in place in 55 of 73 endemic countries, the impact of the MDA programme on microfilaraemia, hydrocele and lymphedema is in need of being assessed.
During 2000–2012, the MDA programme made remarkable achievements – a total of 6.37 billion treatments were offered and an estimated 4.45 billion treatments were consumed by the population living in endemic areas. Using a model based on empirical observations of the effects of treatment on clinical manifestations, it is estimated that 96.71 million LF cases, including 79.20 million microfilaria carriers, 18.73 million hydrocele cases and a minimum of 5.49 million lymphedema cases have been prevented or cured during this period. Consequently, the global prevalence of LF is calculated to have fallen by 59%, from 3.55% to 1.47%. The fall was highest for microfilaraemia prevalence (68%), followed by 49% in hydrocele prevalence and 25% in lymphedema prevalence. It is estimated that, currently,
The MDA programme has resulted in significant reduction of the LF burden. Extension of MDA to all at-risk countries and to all regions within those countries where MDA has not yet reached 100% geographic coverage is imperative to further reduce the number of microfilaraemia and chronic disease cases and to reach the global target of interrupting transmission of LF by 2020.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003319
PubMed: 25412180
PubMed Central: 4239120
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Progress and Impact of 13 Years of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on Reducing the Burden of Filarial Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Ramaiah, K D" sort="Ramaiah, K D" uniqKey="Ramaiah K" first="K. D." last="Ramaiah">K. D. Ramaiah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Consultant on Lymphatic Filariasis, Tagore Nagar, Pondicherry, India</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Consultant on Lymphatic Filariasis, Tagore Nagar, Pondicherry</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Eric A" sort="Ottesen, Eric A" uniqKey="Ottesen E" first="Eric A." last="Ottesen">Eric A. Ottesen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Neglected Tropical Disease Support Center, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Neglected Tropical Disease Support Center, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>ENVISION Project, RTI International, Washington, D.C., United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ENVISION Project, RTI International, Washington, D.C.</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25412180</idno><idno type="pmc">4239120</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4239120</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4239120</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0003319</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000416</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000416</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000416</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000416</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Progress and Impact of 13 Years of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on Reducing the Burden of Filarial Disease</title><author><name sortKey="Ramaiah, K D" sort="Ramaiah, K D" uniqKey="Ramaiah K" first="K. D." last="Ramaiah">K. D. Ramaiah</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Consultant on Lymphatic Filariasis, Tagore Nagar, Pondicherry, India</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Consultant on Lymphatic Filariasis, Tagore Nagar, Pondicherry</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Eric A" sort="Ottesen, Eric A" uniqKey="Ottesen E" first="Eric A." last="Ottesen">Eric A. Ottesen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Neglected Tropical Disease Support Center, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Neglected Tropical Disease Support Center, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>ENVISION Project, RTI International, Washington, D.C., United States of America</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>ENVISION Project, RTI International, Washington, D.C.</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>A Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, with mass drug administration (MDA) as the core strategy of the programme. After completing 13 years of operations through 2012 and with MDA in place in 55 of 73 endemic countries, the impact of the MDA programme on microfilaraemia, hydrocele and lymphedema is in need of being assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology/Principal findings</title><p>During 2000–2012, the MDA programme made remarkable achievements – a total of 6.37 billion treatments were offered and an estimated 4.45 billion treatments were consumed by the population living in endemic areas. Using a model based on empirical observations of the effects of treatment on clinical manifestations, it is estimated that 96.71 million LF cases, including 79.20 million microfilaria carriers, 18.73 million hydrocele cases and a minimum of 5.49 million lymphedema cases have been prevented or cured during this period. Consequently, the global prevalence of LF is calculated to have fallen by 59%, from 3.55% to 1.47%. The fall was highest for microfilaraemia prevalence (68%), followed by 49% in hydrocele prevalence and 25% in lymphedema prevalence. It is estimated that, currently, <italic>i.e.</italic> after 13 years of the MDA programme, there are still an estimated 67.88 million LF cases that include 36.45 million microfilaria carriers, 19.43 million hydrocele cases and 16.68 million lymphedema cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>The MDA programme has resulted in significant reduction of the LF burden. Extension of MDA to all at-risk countries and to all regions within those countries where MDA has not yet reached 100% geographic coverage is imperative to further reduce the number of microfilaraemia and chronic disease cases and to reach the global target of interrupting transmission of LF by 2020.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Michael, E" uniqKey="Michael E">E Michael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bundy, Da" uniqKey="Bundy D">DA Bundy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Grenfell, Bt" uniqKey="Grenfell B">BT Grenfell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duke, Bo" uniqKey="Duke B">BO Duke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karam, M" uniqKey="Karam M">M Karam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Behbehani, K" uniqKey="Behbehani K">K 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosntds</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1935-2727</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1935-2735</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25412180</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4239120</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PNTD-D-14-00966</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0003319</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="Discipline-v2"><subject>Medicine and Health Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Parasitic Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Helminth Infections</subject><subj-group><subject>Filariasis</subject><subj-group><subject>Lymphatic Filariasis</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group><subject>Tropical Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Neglected Tropical Diseases</subject></subj-group></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Progress and Impact of 13 Years of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis on Reducing the Burden of Filarial Disease</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Impact of the Global Programme to Eliminate LF</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramaiah</surname><given-names>K. D.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ottesen</surname><given-names>Eric A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Consultant on Lymphatic Filariasis, Tagore Nagar, Pondicherry, India</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff2"><label>2</label><addr-line>Neglected Tropical Disease Support Center, The Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff3"><label>3</label><addr-line>ENVISION Project, RTI International, Washington, D.C., United States of America</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Bockarie</surname><given-names>Moses</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">* E-mail: <email>eottesen@taskforce.org</email></corresp><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: KDR EAO. Performed the experiments: KDR EAO. Analyzed the data: KDR EAO. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KDR EAO. Wrote the paper: KDR EAO.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><issue>11</issue><elocation-id>e3319</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>5</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day><month>10</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Ramaiah, Ottesen</copyright-holder><license><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><sec><title>Background</title><p>A Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis was launched in 2000, with mass drug administration (MDA) as the core strategy of the programme. After completing 13 years of operations through 2012 and with MDA in place in 55 of 73 endemic countries, the impact of the MDA programme on microfilaraemia, hydrocele and lymphedema is in need of being assessed.</p></sec><sec><title>Methodology/Principal findings</title><p>During 2000–2012, the MDA programme made remarkable achievements – a total of 6.37 billion treatments were offered and an estimated 4.45 billion treatments were consumed by the population living in endemic areas. Using a model based on empirical observations of the effects of treatment on clinical manifestations, it is estimated that 96.71 million LF cases, including 79.20 million microfilaria carriers, 18.73 million hydrocele cases and a minimum of 5.49 million lymphedema cases have been prevented or cured during this period. Consequently, the global prevalence of LF is calculated to have fallen by 59%, from 3.55% to 1.47%. The fall was highest for microfilaraemia prevalence (68%), followed by 49% in hydrocele prevalence and 25% in lymphedema prevalence. It is estimated that, currently, <italic>i.e.</italic> after 13 years of the MDA programme, there are still an estimated 67.88 million LF cases that include 36.45 million microfilaria carriers, 19.43 million hydrocele cases and 16.68 million lymphedema cases.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions/Significance</title><p>The MDA programme has resulted in significant reduction of the LF burden. Extension of MDA to all at-risk countries and to all regions within those countries where MDA has not yet reached 100% geographic coverage is imperative to further reduce the number of microfilaraemia and chronic disease cases and to reach the global target of interrupting transmission of LF by 2020.</p></sec></abstract><abstract abstract-type="summary"><title>Author Summary</title><p>The mass drug administration (MDA) programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (LF) was initiated in 2000. By the end of 2012, the programme was in place in 55 endemic countries. During these first 13 years (2000–2012) of programme implementation, 6.37 billion annual single dose anti-filarial treatments were offered and 4.45 billion doses were consumed by the target populations. This massive programme is estimated to have prevented or cured 96.71 million LF cases that include 79.20 million microfilaria carriers, 18.73 million hydrocele cases and a minimum of 5.49 million lymphedema cases, a 59% reduction of initial LF levels. It is further estimated that, currently, <italic>i.e.</italic> after 13 years of the MDA programme, 67.88 million LF cases remain, including 36.45 million microfilaria carriers, 19.43 million hydrocele cases and 16.68 million lymphedema cases. Progressive reduction in this burden is possible as the programme extends to the endemic countries and regions within endemic countries that have not yet been covered by the MDA programme, and if the morbidity management component of the programme can be effectively implemented.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This study was funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation grant number 1053230. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><page-count count="10"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Data are published in the World Health Organization's PCT Databank: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/lf/en/">http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/lf/en/</ext-link>.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Data are published in the World Health Organization's PCT Databank: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/lf/en/">http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/preventive_chemotherapy/lf/en/</ext-link>.</p></notes></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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