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Cryptic Bacteria of Lower Limb Deep Tissues as a Possible Cause of Inflammatory and Necrotic Changes in Ischemia, Venous Stasis and Varices, and Lymphedema

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Cryptic Bacteria of Lower Limb Deep Tissues as a Possible Cause of Inflammatory and Necrotic Changes in Ischemia, Venous Stasis and Varices, and Lymphedema

Auteurs : Waldemar L. Olszewski ; Marzanna Zaleska ; Ewa Stelmach ; Ewa Swoboda-Kopec ; Pradeep Jain ; Karoon Agrawal ; Sashi Gogia ; Arun Gogia ; Piotr Andziak ; Marek Durlik

Source :

Surgical Infections [ 1096-2964 ] ; 2015.

RBID : PMC:4487244

Abstract

Background: Infections and inflammation of the lower limb skin, soft tissues, and vessels are more common than in other body regions. The aim was to determine whether cryptic bacteria dwelling in deep tissues are the cause.

Methods: We performed bacteriologic studies of specimens harvested from arteries of amputated ischemic legs, leg varices, and tissue fluid/lymph and lymphatics in lymphedema.

Results: Calf arteries contained isolates in 61% and femoral arteries in 36%, whereas normal cadaveric organ donors' arteries in 11%. Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 70%. The majority of isolates belonged to the coagulase-negative staphylococci and Staphylococcus aureus; however, highly pathogenic bacteria were also detected. All were sensitive to all antibiotics except penicillin. Saphenous vein varices contained bacterial cells in 40% and controls 4%; bacterial DNA was found in 69%. The majority of bacteria were S. epidermidis and S. aureus susceptible to all antibiotics except penicillin, Lymph and epifascial lymphatics limb contained bacteria in 60% and 33% samples, respectively and controls in 7%. Most were S. epidermidis susceptible to all antibiotics except penicillin.

Conclusion: Cryptic bacteria are present in lower limb tissues and may play a pathologic role in surgical site infections. Proper antibacterial prophylaxis should be considered when planning surgical interventions.

Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4487244

DOI: 10.1089/sur.2014.019
PubMed: 26046245
PubMed Central: 4487244

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<author><name sortKey="Olszewski, Waldemar L" sort="Olszewski, Waldemar L" uniqKey="Olszewski W" first="Waldemar L." last="Olszewski">Waldemar L. Olszewski</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Zaleska, Marzanna" sort="Zaleska, Marzanna" uniqKey="Zaleska M" first="Marzanna" last="Zaleska">Marzanna Zaleska</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ewa" sort="Stelmach, Ewa" uniqKey="Stelmach E" first="Ewa" last="Stelmach">Ewa Stelmach</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Swoboda Kopec, Ewa" sort="Swoboda Kopec, Ewa" uniqKey="Swoboda Kopec E" first="Ewa" last="Swoboda-Kopec">Ewa Swoboda-Kopec</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Agrawal, Karoon" sort="Agrawal, Karoon" uniqKey="Agrawal K" first="Karoon" last="Agrawal">Karoon Agrawal</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Cryptic Bacteria of Lower Limb Deep Tissues as a Possible Cause of Inflammatory and Necrotic Changes in Ischemia, Venous Stasis and Varices, and Lymphedema</title>
<author><name sortKey="Olszewski, Waldemar L" sort="Olszewski, Waldemar L" uniqKey="Olszewski W" first="Waldemar L." last="Olszewski">Waldemar L. Olszewski</name>
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</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Zaleska, Marzanna" sort="Zaleska, Marzanna" uniqKey="Zaleska M" first="Marzanna" last="Zaleska">Marzanna Zaleska</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stelmach, Ewa" sort="Stelmach, Ewa" uniqKey="Stelmach E" first="Ewa" last="Stelmach">Ewa Stelmach</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Swoboda Kopec, Ewa" sort="Swoboda Kopec, Ewa" uniqKey="Swoboda Kopec E" first="Ewa" last="Swoboda-Kopec">Ewa Swoboda-Kopec</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff3"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jain, Pradeep" sort="Jain, Pradeep" uniqKey="Jain P" first="Pradeep" last="Jain">Pradeep Jain</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff4"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Agrawal, Karoon" sort="Agrawal, Karoon" uniqKey="Agrawal K" first="Karoon" last="Agrawal">Karoon Agrawal</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gogia, Sashi" sort="Gogia, Sashi" uniqKey="Gogia S" first="Sashi" last="Gogia">Sashi Gogia</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gogia, Arun" sort="Gogia, Arun" uniqKey="Gogia A" first="Arun" last="Gogia">Arun Gogia</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff6"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Andziak, Piotr" sort="Andziak, Piotr" uniqKey="Andziak P" first="Piotr" last="Andziak">Piotr Andziak</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Durlik, Marek" sort="Durlik, Marek" uniqKey="Durlik M" first="Marek" last="Durlik">Marek Durlik</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<series><title level="j">Surgical Infections</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1096-2964</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1557-8674</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Abstract</title>
<p><bold><italic>Background:</italic>
</bold>
 Infections and inflammation of the lower limb skin, soft tissues, and vessels are more common than in other body regions. The aim was to determine whether cryptic bacteria dwelling in deep tissues are the cause.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Methods:</italic>
</bold>
 We performed bacteriologic studies of specimens harvested from arteries of amputated ischemic legs, leg varices, and tissue fluid/lymph and lymphatics in lymphedema.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results:</italic>
</bold>
 Calf arteries contained isolates in 61% and femoral arteries in 36%, whereas normal cadaveric organ donors' arteries in 11%. Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 70%. The majority of isolates belonged to the coagulase-negative staphylococci and <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>
; however, highly pathogenic bacteria were also detected. All were sensitive to all antibiotics except penicillin. Saphenous vein varices contained bacterial cells in 40% and controls 4%; bacterial DNA was found in 69%. The majority of bacteria were <italic>S. epidermidis</italic>
 and <italic>S. aureus</italic>
 susceptible to all antibiotics except penicillin, Lymph and epifascial lymphatics limb contained bacteria in 60% and 33% samples, respectively and controls in 7%. Most were <italic>S. epidermidis</italic>
 susceptible to all antibiotics except penicillin.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Conclusion:</italic>
</bold>
 Cryptic bacteria are present in lower limb tissues and may play a pathologic role in surgical site infections. Proper antibacterial prophylaxis should be considered when planning surgical interventions.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Surg Infect (Larchmt)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Surg Infect (Larchmt)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">sur</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Surgical Infections</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1096-2964</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1557-8674</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>140 Huguenot Street, 3rd FloorNew Rochelle, NY 10801USA</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26046245</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4487244</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">10.1089/sur.2014.019</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1089/sur.2014.019</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Articles</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Cryptic Bacteria of Lower Limb Deep Tissues as a Possible Cause of Inflammatory and Necrotic Changes in Ischemia, Venous Stasis and Varices, and Lymphedema</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Olszewski</surname>
<given-names>Waldemar L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1,</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaleska</surname>
<given-names>Marzanna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stelmach</surname>
<given-names>Ewa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Swoboda-Kopec</surname>
<given-names>Ewa</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jain</surname>
<given-names>Pradeep</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Agrawal</surname>
<given-names>Karoon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>5</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gogia</surname>
<given-names>Sashi</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gogia</surname>
<given-names>Arun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>6</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Andziak</surname>
<given-names>Piotr</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Durlik</surname>
<given-names>Marek</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2,</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>7</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label><sup>1</sup>
</label>
Department of Surgical Research Transplantation and Human Epigenetics, Medical Research Center,<institution>Polish Academy of Sciences</institution>
, Warsaw,<country>Poland</country>
.</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label><sup>2</sup>
</label>
Department of Transplantation Surgery, Central Clinical Hospital,<institution>Ministry of Internal Affairs</institution>
, Warsaw,<country>Poland</country>
.</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label><sup>3</sup>
</label>
Department of Microbiology,<institution>Medical University</institution>
, Warsaw,<country>Poland</country>
.</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><label><sup>4</sup>
</label>
Institute of Medical Sciences,<institution>Benaras Hindu University</institution>
, Varanasi,<country>India</country>
.</aff>
<aff id="aff5"><label><sup>5</sup>
</label>
Department of Burns,<institution>Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Safdarjang Hospital and VM Medical College</institution>
, New Delhi,<country>India</country>
.</aff>
<aff id="aff6"><label><sup>6</sup>
</label>
<institution>Amla Mediquip/Sanwari Bai Surgical Centre</institution>
, New Delhi,<country>India</country>
.</aff>
<aff id="aff7"><label><sup>7</sup>
</label>
Department of Surgical Research and Transplantology, Medical Research Center,<institution>Polish Academy of Sciences</institution>
, Warsaw,<country>Poland</country>
.</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp><addr-line>Address correspondence to:</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Dr. Waldemar L. Olszewski</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Department of Surgical Research</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Transplantation and Human Epigenetics</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Medical Research Center</italic>
</addr-line>
<institution><italic>Polish Academy of Sciences</italic>
</institution>
<addr-line><italic>Pawinskiego 5</italic>
</addr-line>
<addr-line><italic>Warsaw 02-106</italic>
</addr-line>
<country>Poland</country>
<break></break>
<italic>E-mail:</italic>
<email xlink:href="mailto:waldemar.l.olszewski@gmail.com">waldemar.l.olszewski@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>01</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2015</year>
<pmc-comment>string-date: June 2015</pmc-comment>
      </pub-date>
<volume>16</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>313</fpage>
<lpage>322</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright 2015, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="sur.2014.019.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><title>Abstract</title>
<p><bold><italic>Background:</italic>
</bold>
 Infections and inflammation of the lower limb skin, soft tissues, and vessels are more common than in other body regions. The aim was to determine whether cryptic bacteria dwelling in deep tissues are the cause.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Methods:</italic>
</bold>
 We performed bacteriologic studies of specimens harvested from arteries of amputated ischemic legs, leg varices, and tissue fluid/lymph and lymphatics in lymphedema.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Results:</italic>
</bold>
 Calf arteries contained isolates in 61% and femoral arteries in 36%, whereas normal cadaveric organ donors' arteries in 11%. Bacterial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was detected in 70%. The majority of isolates belonged to the coagulase-negative staphylococci and <italic>Staphylococcus aureus</italic>
; however, highly pathogenic bacteria were also detected. All were sensitive to all antibiotics except penicillin. Saphenous vein varices contained bacterial cells in 40% and controls 4%; bacterial DNA was found in 69%. The majority of bacteria were <italic>S. epidermidis</italic>
 and <italic>S. aureus</italic>
 susceptible to all antibiotics except penicillin, Lymph and epifascial lymphatics limb contained bacteria in 60% and 33% samples, respectively and controls in 7%. Most were <italic>S. epidermidis</italic>
 susceptible to all antibiotics except penicillin.</p>
<p><bold><italic>Conclusion:</italic>
</bold>
 Cryptic bacteria are present in lower limb tissues and may play a pathologic role in surgical site infections. Proper antibacterial prophylaxis should be considered when planning surgical interventions.</p>
</abstract>
<counts><fig-count count="5"></fig-count>
<table-count count="9"></table-count>
<ref-count count="36"></ref-count>
<page-count count="10"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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Cryptic Bacteria of Lower Limb Deep Tissues as a Possible Cause of Inflammatory and Necrotic Changes in Ischemia, Venous Stasis and Varices, and Lymphedema

Cryptic Bacteria of Lower Limb Deep Tissues as a Possible Cause of Inflammatory and Necrotic Changes in Ischemia, Venous Stasis and Varices, and Lymphedema

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Abstract

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