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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">In control of biology: of mice, men and Foxes</title><author><name sortKey="Wijchers, Patrick J E C" sort="Wijchers, Patrick J E C" uniqKey="Wijchers P" first="Patrick J. E. C." last="Wijchers">Patrick J. E. C. Wijchers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burbach, J Peter H" sort="Burbach, J Peter H" uniqKey="Burbach J" first="J. Peter H." last="Burbach">J. Peter H. Burbach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smidt, Marten P" sort="Smidt, Marten P" uniqKey="Smidt M" first="Marten P." last="Smidt">Marten P. Smidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">16792526</idno><idno type="pmc">1513289</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1513289</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:1513289</idno><idno type="doi">10.1042/BJ20060387</idno><date when="2006">2006</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">004768</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">004768</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">In control of biology: of mice, men and Foxes</title><author><name sortKey="Wijchers, Patrick J E C" sort="Wijchers, Patrick J E C" uniqKey="Wijchers P" first="Patrick J. E. C." last="Wijchers">Patrick J. E. C. Wijchers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burbach, J Peter H" sort="Burbach, J Peter H" uniqKey="Burbach J" first="J. Peter H." last="Burbach">J. Peter H. Burbach</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Smidt, Marten P" sort="Smidt, Marten P" uniqKey="Smidt M" first="Marten P." last="Smidt">Marten P. Smidt</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Biochemical Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">0264-6021</idno><idno type="eISSN">1470-8728</idno><imprint><date when="2006">2006</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Forkhead proteins comprise a highly conserved family of transcription factors, named after the original forkhead gene in <italic>Drosophila</italic>. To date, over 100 forkhead genes have been identified in a large variety of species, all sharing the evolutionary conserved ‘forkhead’ DNA-binding domain, and the cloning and characterization of forkhead genes have continued in recent years. Forkhead transcription factors regulate the expression of countless genes downstream of important signalling pathways in most, if not all, tissues and cell types. Recent work has provided novel insights into the mechanisms that contribute to their functional diversity, including functional protein domains and interactions of forkheads with other transcription factors. Studies using loss- and gain-of-function models have elucidated the role of forkhead factors in developmental biology and cellular functions such as metabolism, cell division and cell survival. The importance of forkhead transcription factors is underlined by the developmental defects observed in mutant model organisms, and multiple human disorders and cancers which can be attributed to mutations within members of the forkhead gene family. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on forkhead transcription factors, from structural organization and regulatory mechanisms to cellular and developmental functions in mice and humans. Finally, we will discuss how novel insights gained from involvement of ‘Foxes’ in the mechanisms underlying human pathology may create new opportunities for treatment strategies.</p></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="review-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biochem J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BJ</journal-id><journal-title>Biochemical Journal</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0264-6021</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1470-8728</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Portland Press Ltd.</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">16792526</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">1513289</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">bj3970233</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1042/BJ20060387</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>In control of biology: of mice, men and Foxes</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="right-running-head">Forkhead transcription factors</alt-title><alt-title alt-title-type="left-running-head">P. J. E. C. Wijchers, J. P. H. Burbach and M. P. Smidt</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wijchers</surname><given-names>Patrick J. E. C.</given-names></name><xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="COR1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burbach</surname><given-names>J. Peter H.</given-names></name><xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Smidt</surname><given-names>Marten P.</given-names></name><xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff"></xref></contrib><aff id="A1">Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology and Anatomy, University Medical Center Utrecht, Universiteitsweg 100, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="COR1"><sup>1</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed at the present address: Gene Control Mechanisms and Disease Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College, Hammersmith Campus, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, U.K. (email <email>patrick.wijchers@csc.mrc.ac.uk</email>).</corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>6</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day><month>7</month><year>2006</year></pub-date><volume>397</volume><issue>Pt 2</issue><fpage>233</fpage><lpage>246</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>3</month><year>2006</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>4</day><month>5</month><year>2006</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>5</month><year>2006</year></date></history><copyright-statement>The Biochemical Society, London</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2006</copyright-year><abstract><p>Forkhead proteins comprise a highly conserved family of transcription factors, named after the original forkhead gene in <italic>Drosophila</italic>. To date, over 100 forkhead genes have been identified in a large variety of species, all sharing the evolutionary conserved ‘forkhead’ DNA-binding domain, and the cloning and characterization of forkhead genes have continued in recent years. Forkhead transcription factors regulate the expression of countless genes downstream of important signalling pathways in most, if not all, tissues and cell types. Recent work has provided novel insights into the mechanisms that contribute to their functional diversity, including functional protein domains and interactions of forkheads with other transcription factors. Studies using loss- and gain-of-function models have elucidated the role of forkhead factors in developmental biology and cellular functions such as metabolism, cell division and cell survival. The importance of forkhead transcription factors is underlined by the developmental defects observed in mutant model organisms, and multiple human disorders and cancers which can be attributed to mutations within members of the forkhead gene family. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current knowledge on forkhead transcription factors, from structural organization and regulatory mechanisms to cellular and developmental functions in mice and humans. Finally, we will discuss how novel insights gained from involvement of ‘Foxes’ in the mechanisms underlying human pathology may create new opportunities for treatment strategies.</p></abstract><kwd-group kwd-group-type="kwd"><kwd>cell cycle</kwd><kwd>development</kwd><kwd>forkhead</kwd><kwd>Fox</kwd><kwd>immunoregulation</kwd><kwd>transcription factor</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group kwd-group-type="abbr"><kwd>CBP, CREB (cAMP-response-element-binding protein)-binding protein</kwd><kwd><italic>CCNB</italic>, cyclin B</kwd><kwd>CDK, cyclin-dependent kinase</kwd><kwd>CKI, CDK inhibitor</kwd><kwd>DYRK1A, <underline>d</underline>ual-specificity t<underline>y</underline>rosine-phosphorylated and -<underline>r</underline>egulated <underline>k</underline>inase 1A</kwd><kwd>ER, oestrogen receptor</kwd><kwd>FHA, forkhead-associated domain</kwd><kwd>FM, FoxH1 motif</kwd><kwd>Fox, Forkhead box</kwd><kwd><italic>GADD45a</italic>, growth arrest and DNA-damage-inducible protein 45α</kwd><kwd>HDAC, histone deacetylase</kwd><kwd>IκB, inhibitory κB</kwd><kwd>IKKβ, IκB kinase β</kwd><kwd>MH domain, mothers against decapentaplegic homology domain</kwd><kwd>NF-κB, nuclear factor κB</kwd><kwd>NLS, nuclear localization signal</kwd><kwd>PKB, protein kinase B</kwd><kwd><italic>Plk-1</italic>, Polo-like kinase 1</kwd><kwd>SCF, Skp2/cullin/F-box</kwd><kwd>SGK, serum- and glucocorticoid-induced protein kinase</kwd><kwd>Smad, similar to mothers against decapentaplegic</kwd><kwd>SID, Smad-interaction domain</kwd><kwd>SIM, Smad-interaction motif</kwd><kwd>TGFβ, transforming growth factor β</kwd></kwd-group><counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count><table-count count="1"></table-count><ref-count count="218"></ref-count><page-count count="14"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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