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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Intraoperative molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinical node negative breast cancer: An institutional study</title><author><name sortKey="Parada, David" sort="Parada, David" uniqKey="Parada D" first="David" last="Parada">David Parada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-mco-0-0-1025">Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pe A, Karla B" sort="Pe A, Karla B" uniqKey="Pe A K" first="Karla B." last="Pe A">Karla B. Pe A</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-mco-0-0-1025">Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riu, F Francesc" sort="Riu, F Francesc" uniqKey="Riu F" first="F. Francesc" last="Riu">F. Francesc Riu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-mco-0-0-1025">Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aguilar, A Esther" sort="Aguilar, A Esther" uniqKey="Aguilar A" first="A. Esther" last="Aguilar">A. Esther Aguilar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, E-43204 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cohan, Sebastian" sort="Cohan, Sebastian" uniqKey="Cohan S" first="Sebastian" last="Cohan">Sebastian Cohan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Radiodiagnostics, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, E-43204 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27882235</idno><idno type="pmc">5103850</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5103850</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5103850</idno><idno type="doi">10.3892/mco.2016.1025</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">004213</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">004213</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Intraoperative molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinical node negative breast cancer: An institutional study</title><author><name sortKey="Parada, David" sort="Parada, David" uniqKey="Parada D" first="David" last="Parada">David Parada</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-mco-0-0-1025">Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pe A, Karla B" sort="Pe A, Karla B" uniqKey="Pe A K" first="Karla B." last="Pe A">Karla B. Pe A</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-mco-0-0-1025">Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Riu, F Francesc" sort="Riu, F Francesc" uniqKey="Riu F" first="F. Francesc" last="Riu">F. Francesc Riu</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af1-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af2-mco-0-0-1025">Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Aguilar, A Esther" sort="Aguilar, A Esther" uniqKey="Aguilar A" first="A. Esther" last="Aguilar">A. Esther Aguilar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af3-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, E-43204 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cohan, Sebastian" sort="Cohan, Sebastian" uniqKey="Cohan S" first="Sebastian" last="Cohan">Sebastian Cohan</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="af4-mco-0-0-1025">Department of Radiodiagnostics, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, E-43204 Tarragona, Spain</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Molecular and Clinical Oncology</title><idno type="ISSN">2049-9450</idno><idno type="eISSN">2049-9469</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate, safe method for determining the axillary lymph node status. However, insufficient evidence exists to support the recommendation of SLNB in patients who have had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to downsize tumours and allow for breast conservation surgery. The present study aimed to use molecular approaches to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of SLNB in patients treated with NAC prior to SLN mapping and surgery. A total of 50 consecutive patients with operable invasive breast carcinomas who had received prior NAC were assessed using the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) method. The rate of SLN identification was 100%. The OSNA assay showed that 29 patients (58%) were negative for SLN and 21 patients (42%) were positive. In 19 of these 21 patients (90.48%), the SLN was the only positive lymph node. No axillary lymph nodes metastases were observed in patients with isolated tumour cells or with micrometastases. The OSNA assay is a highly sensitive, specific and reproducible diagnostic technique that can be used to analyse SLNs following NAC. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Mol Clin Oncol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Mol Clin Oncol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">MCO</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Molecular and Clinical Oncology</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2049-9450</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2049-9469</issn><publisher><publisher-name>D.A. Spandidos</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27882235</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5103850</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3892/mco.2016.1025</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">MCO-0-0-1025</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Intraoperative molecular analysis of sentinel lymph nodes following neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with clinical node negative breast cancer: An institutional study</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Parada</surname><given-names>David</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-mco-0-0-1025">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-mco-0-0-1025">2</xref><xref rid="fn1-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref><xref rid="c1-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="corresp"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peña</surname><given-names>Karla B.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-mco-0-0-1025">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-mco-0-0-1025">2</xref><xref rid="fn1-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Riu</surname><given-names>F. Francesc</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-mco-0-0-1025">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2-mco-0-0-1025">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aguilar</surname><given-names>A. Esther</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3-mco-0-0-1025">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cohan</surname><given-names>Sebastian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4-mco-0-0-1025">4</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-mco-0-0-1025"><label>1</label>Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</aff><aff id="af2-mco-0-0-1025"><label>2</label>Pere Virgili Health Research Institute (IISPV), University Rovira i Virgill, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain</aff><aff id="af3-mco-0-0-1025"><label>3</label>Department of Gynecology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, E-43204 Tarragona, Spain</aff><aff id="af4-mco-0-0-1025"><label>4</label>Department of Radiodiagnostics, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, E-43204 Tarragona, Spain</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-mco-0-0-1025"><italic>Correspondence to</italic>: Dr David Parada, Department of Pathology, University Hospital Sant Joan de Reus, University Rovira i Virgill, Avenida del Dr. Josep Laporte 1, Reus, E-43201 Tarragona, Spain, E-mail: <email>dparada@grupsagessa.com</email></corresp><fn id="fn1-mco-0-0-1025"><label>*</label><p>Contributed equally</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>21</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>5</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>507</fpage><lpage>510</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>03</day><month>2</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>7</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © Parada et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License</ext-link>, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is an accurate, safe method for determining the axillary lymph node status. However, insufficient evidence exists to support the recommendation of SLNB in patients who have had neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to downsize tumours and allow for breast conservation surgery. The present study aimed to use molecular approaches to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of SLNB in patients treated with NAC prior to SLN mapping and surgery. A total of 50 consecutive patients with operable invasive breast carcinomas who had received prior NAC were assessed using the one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) method. The rate of SLN identification was 100%. The OSNA assay showed that 29 patients (58%) were negative for SLN and 21 patients (42%) were positive. In 19 of these 21 patients (90.48%), the SLN was the only positive lymph node. No axillary lymph nodes metastases were observed in patients with isolated tumour cells or with micrometastases. The OSNA assay is a highly sensitive, specific and reproducible diagnostic technique that can be used to analyse SLNs following NAC. The total tumoral load may assist with predicting additional non-SLN metastases.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>sentinel node</kwd><kwd>neoadjuvant chemotherapy</kwd><kwd>one-step nucleic acid amplification</kwd><kwd>breast</kwd><kwd>cancer</kwd><kwd>molecular</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><body><sec sec-type="intro"><title>Introduction</title><p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), which is widely accepted as an accurate, safe method for diagnosing the axillary lymph node status of clinically node-negative breast cancer patients, has replaced axillary lymph node dissection (<xref rid="b1-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>). However, insufficient evidence exists to support the recommendation of SLNB for certain pathologies, including locally advanced breast cancer (LABC). LABC, a heterogeneous group of operable and non-operable lesions at initial diagnosis, is often treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) as the standard of care. This treatment increases the rate of breast conservation and provides an opportunity to assess the tumour response to pharmacological agents (<xref rid="b2-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="b3-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>). Nonetheless, insufficient evidence exists to support the recommendation of SLNB in patients who have had NAC to downsize tumours and allow for breast conservation surgery (<xref rid="b4-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>).</p><p>The present study used molecular approaches to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of SLNB in LABC patients treated with NAC prior to SLN mapping and surgery. The correlation of SLNB findings with the results of axillary lymphadenectomy was also assessed. The study population included patients with locally advanced infiltrating breast cancer at presentation. The SLNB results for these patients were compared to those previously reported for LABC patients who received NAC.</p></sec><sec sec-type="materials|methods"><title>Materials and methods</title><sec><title></title><sec><title>Patients</title><p>The present study analysed 50 consecutive patients with operable invasive breast carcinomas who had received NAC between February 2011 and November 2015 at Sant Joan University Hospital (Reus, Spain). All patients underwent preoperative clinical assessment of lymph-node status by palpation and axillary ultrasound. The diagnostic criteria for locally advanced infiltrating breast cancer were a tumour size of at least 2 cm (T>2) and a negative axillary node (N0) status. The exclusion criterion was a CK19-negative status of tumours at pre-operative biopsy. The SLNs of the patients were assayed by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) to detect SLN metastasis. SLNs were identified in all of the patients (100%). Clinicopathological data, including age, clinical tumour size, pathological tumour size, histological type, nuclear grade, tumour response to chemotherapy, oestrogen and progesterone receptor levels, HER2 status and Ki-67 nuclear expression [immunohistochemistry (IHC)-4] were collected. The cases were staged according to the American Joint Committee on Cancer Tumor-Nodes-Metastasis classification, 7th edition (<xref rid="b5-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>). Patient characteristics are shown in <xref rid="tI-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="table">Table I</xref>.</p></sec><sec><title>OSNA assay</title><p>The OSNA assay, which is based on the principles of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification, was performed as previously described (<xref rid="b6-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>) After the fatty tissue had been removed, the SLN was weighed and whole SLN tissues were processed by the OSNA assay. The LN was assessed as OSNA - when the number of CK19 mRNA copies was <2.5×10<sup>2</sup>/µl, OSNA + (micrometastases) when it was 2.5×10<sup>2</sup> - 5.0×10<sup>3</sup> copies/µl and OSNA ++ (macrometastases) when it was >5.0×10<sup>3</sup> copies/µl. On occasion, the OSNA assay is inhibited by certain inhibitory materials, which leads to false-negative (<250 copies/µl) results, which may be changed into positive (>250 copies/µl) by sample dilution (1:10). However, following dilution, the results are less reliable for quantitative assessment and were presented as +inhibition (+I) [Isolated Tumour Cells (ITC)]. Standard statistics were used for analysis of patient data. P<0.05 was considered to indicate a statistically significant difference.</p></sec><sec><title>Ethical considerations</title><p>The present study was approved by the Clinical Ethics Committee of the Sant Joan University Hospital (no. 14-02-27/2proj1).</p></sec></sec></sec><sec sec-type="results"><title>Results</title><p>The clinical and pathological characteristics of 50 patients treated with NAC prior to SLNB are listed in <xref rid="tI-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="table">Table I</xref>. The average age of the patients was 50 years, (range, 32–79 years). In 44 patients (88.0%), the tumour was classes as no special type invasive carcinoma, according to the World Health Organization classification system, and in 6 patients (12%) it was special type carcinoma. According to analysis using the IHC-4 system for classifying invasive carcinoma, luminal B was the most frequent type (26 patients, 52%), followed by triple negative in 11 patients (22%), HER2 in 7 patients (14%) and luminal A in 6 patients (12%). As for the pathological tumour response to chemotherapy, a partial response was achieved in 36 patients (72%) and a complete response in 12 patients (24%). Only 2 patients (4%) exhibited no response to treatment (one luminal B and one triple negative) (<xref rid="tII-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="table">Table II</xref>).</p><p>A total of 90 lymph nodes were obtained from the 50 patients and assessed using the OSNA assay, with an average of 2 SLN/patient (range, 1–4). In 29 patients (58%), the ONSA assay was OSNA -. Of the remaining 21 patients (42%) with positive SLN, 1 patient had ITC, 15 had micrometastases and 5 had macrometastases. In 19 (90.48%) of these 21 patients, SLN were the only OSNA-positive lymph nodes. In 2 of the patients with macrometastases (9.72%), SLN and more than one axillary lymph node were OSNA-positive. These 2 patients exhinited a partial response to chemotherapy. No axillary lymph node metastases were observed in any of the patients with ITC or with micrometastases.</p></sec><sec sec-type="discussion"><title>Discussion</title><p>The SLNB technique is now widely used in numerous medical institutions worldwide and has become the standard of care to reduce upper limb morbidities commonly encountered following axillary lymph node dissection, including lymphoedema, shoulder stiffness and chronic pain (<xref rid="b7-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>,<xref rid="b8-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>). One point of controversy is whether SLNB is useful in patients who have received prior chemotherapy. It has been suggested that primary chemotherapy can modify lymphatic drainage patterns within the axilla (<xref rid="b9-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="b10-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>) and that tumour shrinkage can distort lymphatics due to the creation of aberrant lymphatic drainage patterns (<xref rid="b10-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>). These two situations may affect the detection of SLNB. Single-institution studies have reported sensitivity rates of 72–100%, with false-negative rates of 0–33% when SLNB was performed after NAC (<xref rid="b11-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>–<xref rid="b16-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>). Rates of identification in the NSABP B-27 study and the French GANEA study were 85 and 90%, respectively (<xref rid="b13-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">13</xref>–<xref rid="b17-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>). In the present study, the rate of identification of SLN was similar to previous reports, indicating that the identification of SLN in patients following NAC is similar to that in patients who have not received NAC.</p><p>As for whether SLNB after chemotherapy is able to eliminate the requirement for two surgical procedures, a more comprehensive assessment of the ability of pre-operative chemotherapy to achieve a complete pathological response is required. The down-staging effect of preoperative chemotherapy and may reduce the number of patients that require axillary lymph node dissection. Finally, it does not delay the administration of preoperative chemotherapy (<xref rid="b18-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>). In the present study, all SLNs were analysed by OSNA. The advantage of OSNA over other conventional methods is that it can semi-quantitatively evaluate the total tumoral load (TTL) in the SLNs when the whole nodes are examined. In the present study, patients with OSNA-positive SLNs (ITC as well as micro- and macrometastases) were subject to axillary lymph-node dissection. Only two cases with macrometastases (TTL SLNB: 2.7×10<sup>4</sup> and 2.1×10<sup>6</sup> copies/µl) showed an additional positive lymph node on axillary lymphadenectomy. Of note, none of the patients diagnosed with ITC and micrometastases showed any evidence of other metastases after axillary lymphadenectomy, suggesting that axillary dissection may not be necessary for patients whose TTL is low. Previous studies have shown that the TTL is useful for assessing SLNs and avoiding unnecessary surgical procedures (<xref rid="b19-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>–<xref rid="b22-mco-0-0-1025" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>).</p><p>One limitation of the present study is that the number of patients examined was not sufficient for firm conclusions to be drawn. However, the results remain meaningful, as the accuracy and sensitivity of OSNA in SLN analysis were demonstrated. Furthermore, the TTL, assessed by the OSNA assay, may assist with predicting the likelihood of further axillary metastases. The OSNA assay is automatized and assessed intraoperatively, and the TTL is reproducible and not correlated with the type of surgery, the histological tumour subtype or NAC.</p><p>In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that whole SLN analysis by OSNA is a highly specific, sensitive and reproducible diagnostic method for node-negative breast cancer patients after NAC and that the TTL may assist with predicting additional non-SLN metastases. 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pub-id-type="pmid">23607911</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back><floats-group><table-wrap id="tI-mco-0-0-1025" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table I.</label><caption><p>Patient and tumour characteristics.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Characteristics</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No.</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> <50 years</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> >50 years</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Histological type</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No special type</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">88</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Special type</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nuclear grade</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Immunohistochemical-4 type</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Luminal A</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 6</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Luminal B</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> HER2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Triple negative</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pathological T classification [post-treatment (ypT)]</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> pT0</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> pT1</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> pT2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> pT3</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 8</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pathological response to chemotherapy</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> No response</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Partial</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Complete</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of removed sentinel nodes</td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 1</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 3</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 9</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 4</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tII-mco-0-0-1025" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table II.</label><caption><p>Response to chemotherapy according to IHC-4 type.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="3" rowspan="1">No. patients (%)</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="bottom" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></th></tr><tr><th align="left" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IHC-4 type</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No response</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Partial response</th><th align="center" valign="bottom" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Complete response</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Luminal A</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 5 (10)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Luminal B</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (42)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">HER2</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (6)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 (8)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Triple negative</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1 (2)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 7 (14)</td><td align="center" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 (6)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-mco-0-0-1025"><p>IHC, immunohistochemistry.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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