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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Vulvar Cancer using Combined Radioactive and Fluorescence Guidance</title><author><name sortKey="Verbeek, Floris P R" sort="Verbeek, Floris P R" uniqKey="Verbeek F" first="Floris P. R." last="Verbeek">Floris P. R. Verbeek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tummers, Quirijn R J G" sort="Tummers, Quirijn R J G" uniqKey="Tummers Q" first="Quirijn R. J. G." last="Tummers">Quirijn R. J. G. Tummers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rietbergen, Daphne D D" sort="Rietbergen, Daphne D D" uniqKey="Rietbergen D" first="Daphne D. D." last="Rietbergen">Daphne D. D. Rietbergen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine section and Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Alexander A W" sort="Peters, Alexander A W" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Alexander A. W." last="Peters">Alexander A. W. Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schaafsma, Boudewijn E" sort="Schaafsma, Boudewijn E" uniqKey="Schaafsma B" first="Boudewijn E." last="Schaafsma">Boudewijn E. Schaafsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Velde, Cornelis J H" sort="Van De Velde, Cornelis J H" uniqKey="Van De Velde C" first="Cornelis J. H." last="Van De Velde">Cornelis J. H. Van De Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frangioni, John V" sort="Frangioni, John V" uniqKey="Frangioni J" first="John V." last="Frangioni">John V. Frangioni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Leeuwen, Fijs W B" sort="Van Leeuwen, Fijs W B" uniqKey="Van Leeuwen F" first="Fijs W. B." last="Van Leeuwen">Fijs W. B. Van Leeuwen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine section and Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaarenstroom, Katja N" sort="Gaarenstroom, Katja N" uniqKey="Gaarenstroom K" first="Katja N." last="Gaarenstroom">Katja N. Gaarenstroom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vahrmeijer, Alexander L" sort="Vahrmeijer, Alexander L" uniqKey="Vahrmeijer A" first="Alexander L." last="Vahrmeijer">Alexander L. Vahrmeijer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25768079</idno><idno type="pmc">4478233</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4478233</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4478233</idno><idno type="doi">10.1097/IGC.0000000000000419</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003904</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003904</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Vulvar Cancer using Combined Radioactive and Fluorescence Guidance</title><author><name sortKey="Verbeek, Floris P R" sort="Verbeek, Floris P R" uniqKey="Verbeek F" first="Floris P. R." last="Verbeek">Floris P. R. Verbeek</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tummers, Quirijn R J G" sort="Tummers, Quirijn R J G" uniqKey="Tummers Q" first="Quirijn R. J. G." last="Tummers">Quirijn R. J. G. Tummers</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rietbergen, Daphne D D" sort="Rietbergen, Daphne D D" uniqKey="Rietbergen D" first="Daphne D. D." last="Rietbergen">Daphne D. D. Rietbergen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine section and Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peters, Alexander A W" sort="Peters, Alexander A W" uniqKey="Peters A" first="Alexander A. W." last="Peters">Alexander A. W. Peters</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schaafsma, Boudewijn E" sort="Schaafsma, Boudewijn E" uniqKey="Schaafsma B" first="Boudewijn E." last="Schaafsma">Boudewijn E. Schaafsma</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Velde, Cornelis J H" sort="Van De Velde, Cornelis J H" uniqKey="Van De Velde C" first="Cornelis J. H." last="Van De Velde">Cornelis J. H. Van De Velde</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Frangioni, John V" sort="Frangioni, John V" uniqKey="Frangioni J" first="John V." last="Frangioni">John V. Frangioni</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van Leeuwen, Fijs W B" sort="Van Leeuwen, Fijs W B" uniqKey="Van Leeuwen F" first="Fijs W. B." last="Van Leeuwen">Fijs W. B. Van Leeuwen</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine section and Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gaarenstroom, Katja N" sort="Gaarenstroom, Katja N" uniqKey="Gaarenstroom K" first="Katja N." last="Gaarenstroom">Katja N. Gaarenstroom</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vahrmeijer, Alexander L" sort="Vahrmeijer, Alexander L" uniqKey="Vahrmeijer A" first="Alexander L." last="Vahrmeijer">Alexander L. Vahrmeijer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society</title><idno type="ISSN">1048-891X</idno><idno type="eISSN">1525-1438</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title><p id="P1">Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging using Indocyanine Green (ICG) has recently been introduced to improve the SLN procedure. Several optical tracers have been successfully tested. However, the optimal tracer formulation is still unknown. This study evaluates the performance of ICG–<sup>99m</sup>Tc-nanocolloid in relation to two most commonly used ICG-based formulas during SLN biopsy of vulvar cancer.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods/materials</title><p id="P2">12 women planned to undergo SLN biopsy for stage I vulvar cancer were prospectively included. SLN mapping was performed using the dual-modality radioactive and NIR fluorescence tracer ICG-<sup>99m</sup>Tc-Nanocolloid. All patients underwent combined SLN localization using NIR fluorescence, and the (current) gold standard using blue dye and radioactive guidance.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">In all 12 patients at least one SLN was detected during surgery. A total of 21 lymph nodes (median 2, range 1 – 3) were resected. Median time between skin incision and first SLN detection was 8 (range 1 – 22) minutes. All resected SLNs were both radioactive and fluorescent, though only 13 of 21 SLN (62%) stained blue. Median brightness of exposed SLNs, expressed as SBR, was 5.4 (range 1.8 – 11.8). Lymph node metastases were found in 3 patients.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">NIR fluorescence guided SLN mapping is feasible and outperforms blue dye staining. Premixing ICG with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-nanocolloid provides real-time intra-operative imaging of the SN and appears the optimal tracer combination in terms of intraoperative detection rate of the SN (100%). Moreover, ICG-<sup>99m</sup>Tc-Nanocolloid allows administration of a 5-times lower injected dose of ICG (compared to ICG and ICG:HSA) and can be injected the up to 20h before surgery.</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">9111626</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">22047</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Gynecol Cancer</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int. J. Gynecol. Cancer</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International journal of gynecological cancer : official journal of the International Gynecological Cancer Society</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1048-891X</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1525-1438</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25768079</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4478233</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/IGC.0000000000000419</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS675446</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Vulvar Cancer using Combined Radioactive and Fluorescence Guidance</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verbeek</surname><given-names>Floris P.R.</given-names></name><degrees>M.Sc.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tummers</surname><given-names>Quirijn R.J.G.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref><xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rietbergen</surname><given-names>Daphne D.D.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peters</surname><given-names>Alexander A.W.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Schaafsma</surname><given-names>Boudewijn E.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van de Velde</surname><given-names>Cornelis J.H.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Frangioni</surname><given-names>John V.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van Leeuwen</surname><given-names>Fijs W.B.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaarenstroom</surname><given-names>Katja N.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vahrmeijer</surname><given-names>Alexander L.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D., Ph.D.</degrees><xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="A1"><label>1</label>Department of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A2"><label>2</label>Department of Radiology, Nuclear Medicine section and Interventional Molecular Imaging Laboratory, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A3"><label>3</label>Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands</aff><aff id="A4"><label>4</label>Department of Radiology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215</aff><aff id="A5"><label>5</label>Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215</aff><author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Corresponding author: Dr. Katja N. Gaarenstroom, M.D., Ph.D., Albinusdreef 2, 2300 RC Leiden, Phone: +31715262845, Fax: +31715248181, <email>k.n.gaarenstroom@lumc.nl</email></corresp><fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal"><label>*</label><p>F.P.R. Verbeek and Q.R.J.G. Tummers contributed equally to the study and share first authorship.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>31</day><month>3</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>01</day><month>7</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1086</fpage><lpage>1093</lpage><pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1097/IGC.0000000000000419</pmc-comment>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Objective</title><p id="P1">Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging using Indocyanine Green (ICG) has recently been introduced to improve the SLN procedure. Several optical tracers have been successfully tested. However, the optimal tracer formulation is still unknown. This study evaluates the performance of ICG–<sup>99m</sup>Tc-nanocolloid in relation to two most commonly used ICG-based formulas during SLN biopsy of vulvar cancer.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>Methods/materials</title><p id="P2">12 women planned to undergo SLN biopsy for stage I vulvar cancer were prospectively included. SLN mapping was performed using the dual-modality radioactive and NIR fluorescence tracer ICG-<sup>99m</sup>Tc-Nanocolloid. All patients underwent combined SLN localization using NIR fluorescence, and the (current) gold standard using blue dye and radioactive guidance.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>Results</title><p id="P3">In all 12 patients at least one SLN was detected during surgery. A total of 21 lymph nodes (median 2, range 1 – 3) were resected. Median time between skin incision and first SLN detection was 8 (range 1 – 22) minutes. All resected SLNs were both radioactive and fluorescent, though only 13 of 21 SLN (62%) stained blue. Median brightness of exposed SLNs, expressed as SBR, was 5.4 (range 1.8 – 11.8). Lymph node metastases were found in 3 patients.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title><p id="P4">NIR fluorescence guided SLN mapping is feasible and outperforms blue dye staining. Premixing ICG with <sup>99m</sup>Tc-nanocolloid provides real-time intra-operative imaging of the SN and appears the optimal tracer combination in terms of intraoperative detection rate of the SN (100%). Moreover, ICG-<sup>99m</sup>Tc-Nanocolloid allows administration of a 5-times lower injected dose of ICG (compared to ICG and ICG:HSA) and can be injected the up to 20h before surgery.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Vulvar cancer</kwd><kwd>Image-Guided Surgery</kwd><kwd>Near-Infrared Fluorescence</kwd><kwd>Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping</kwd><kwd>Multimodal Imaging</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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