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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A Prospective Study of Breast lymphedema-Frequency, Symptoms, and Quality of Life</title>
<author><name sortKey="Degnim, Amy C" sort="Degnim, Amy C" uniqKey="Degnim A" first="Amy C." last="Degnim">Amy C. Degnim</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, Joyce" sort="Miller, Joyce" uniqKey="Miller J" first="Joyce" last="Miller">Joyce Miller</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoskin, Tanya L" sort="Hoskin, Tanya L" uniqKey="Hoskin T" first="Tanya L." last="Hoskin">Tanya L. Hoskin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boughey, Judy C" sort="Boughey, Judy C" uniqKey="Boughey J" first="Judy C." last="Boughey">Judy C. Boughey</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loprinzi, Margie" sort="Loprinzi, Margie" uniqKey="Loprinzi M" first="Margie" last="Loprinzi">Margie Loprinzi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomsen, Kristine" sort="Thomsen, Kristine" uniqKey="Thomsen K" first="Kristine" last="Thomsen">Kristine Thomsen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maloney, Shaun" sort="Maloney, Shaun" uniqKey="Maloney S" first="Shaun" last="Maloney">Shaun Maloney</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baddour, Larry M" sort="Baddour, Larry M" uniqKey="Baddour L" first="Larry M." last="Baddour">Larry M. Baddour</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheville, Andrea L" sort="Cheville, Andrea L" uniqKey="Cheville A" first="Andrea L." last="Cheville">Andrea L. Cheville</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22415476</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3924783</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924783</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3924783</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1007/s10549-012-2004-x</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003746</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003746</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Prospective Study of Breast lymphedema-Frequency, Symptoms, and Quality of Life</title>
<author><name sortKey="Degnim, Amy C" sort="Degnim, Amy C" uniqKey="Degnim A" first="Amy C." last="Degnim">Amy C. Degnim</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, Joyce" sort="Miller, Joyce" uniqKey="Miller J" first="Joyce" last="Miller">Joyce Miller</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoskin, Tanya L" sort="Hoskin, Tanya L" uniqKey="Hoskin T" first="Tanya L." last="Hoskin">Tanya L. Hoskin</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boughey, Judy C" sort="Boughey, Judy C" uniqKey="Boughey J" first="Judy C." last="Boughey">Judy C. Boughey</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loprinzi, Margie" sort="Loprinzi, Margie" uniqKey="Loprinzi M" first="Margie" last="Loprinzi">Margie Loprinzi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thomsen, Kristine" sort="Thomsen, Kristine" uniqKey="Thomsen K" first="Kristine" last="Thomsen">Kristine Thomsen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maloney, Shaun" sort="Maloney, Shaun" uniqKey="Maloney S" first="Shaun" last="Maloney">Shaun Maloney</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baddour, Larry M" sort="Baddour, Larry M" uniqKey="Baddour L" first="Larry M." last="Baddour">Larry M. Baddour</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheville, Andrea L" sort="Cheville, Andrea L" uniqKey="Cheville A" first="Andrea L." last="Cheville">Andrea L. Cheville</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Breast cancer research and treatment</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0167-6806</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1573-7217</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>Purpose</title>
<p id="P1">Although lymphedema of the arm is a well-known complication of breast and axillary surgery, breast lymphedema has received scant attention. We sought to prospectively characterize breast lymphedema’s incidence, associated symptoms, clinical course, and impact on quality of life.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Subjects were enrolled prospectively from a consecutive sample of patients undergoing non-mastectomy breast procedures (excisional biopsy or wide local excision ± lymph node removal) and followed for signs and symptoms of lymphedema in the operated breast. Symptoms and distress were serially assessed with 11-point linear analogue scales. Breast lymphedema was diagnosed independent of symptoms, based on the distribution and degree of edema and erythema.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">One hundred twenty-four women were followed for a median of 11 months, and breast lymphedema was diagnosed in 38 (31%) women. Breast lymphedema was more frequent after breast surgery with axillary node removal (49%) compared to breast surgery alone (0%), p<0.0001. Breast lymphedema involved multiple quadrants in most women and was characterized by edema in 100% and erythema in 79%. Patients with breast lymphedema were significantly more likely than women without breast lymphedema to report symptoms of breast heaviness (65% vs 22%, p<0.0001), redness (62% vs 29%, p=0.0006), and swelling (59% vs 22%, p<0.0001), but symptom-associated distress was low overall. Three of 32 breast lymphedema patients with clinical follow-up developed chronic edema.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Breast lymphedema occurs in approximately one-half of women who undergo breast surgery with axillary node removal. The condition is characterized by diffuse skin edema and erythema as well as self-reported symptoms with a low level of distress.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">8111104</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">1254</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Breast Cancer Res Treat</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Breast Cancer Res. Treat.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Breast cancer research and treatment</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0167-6806</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1573-7217</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22415476</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3924783</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10549-012-2004-x</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS550552</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>A Prospective Study of Breast lymphedema-Frequency, Symptoms, and Quality of Life</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Degnim</surname>
<given-names>Amy C.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miller</surname>
<given-names>Joyce</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>DNP, RN</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoskin</surname>
<given-names>Tanya L.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MS</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Boughey</surname>
<given-names>Judy C.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Loprinzi</surname>
<given-names>Margie</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>RN</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thomsen</surname>
<given-names>Kristine</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BS</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maloney</surname>
<given-names>Shaun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baddour</surname>
<given-names>Larry M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">‡</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cheville</surname>
<given-names>Andrea L.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">§</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>*</label>
Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>†</label>
Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>‡</label>
Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>§</label>
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation, Rochester, Minnesota, USA</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1">Address correspondence to: Amy C. Degnim, M.D.; Mayo Clinic; 200 First Street SW; Rochester, MN 55905; 507-284-4499; (Fax) 507-284-5196</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>5</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>14</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>14</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>134</volume>
<issue>3</issue>
<fpage>915</fpage>
<lpage>922</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1007/s10549-012-2004-x</pmc-comment>
<abstract><sec id="S1"><title>Purpose</title>
<p id="P1">Although lymphedema of the arm is a well-known complication of breast and axillary surgery, breast lymphedema has received scant attention. We sought to prospectively characterize breast lymphedema’s incidence, associated symptoms, clinical course, and impact on quality of life.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2"><title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">Subjects were enrolled prospectively from a consecutive sample of patients undergoing non-mastectomy breast procedures (excisional biopsy or wide local excision ± lymph node removal) and followed for signs and symptoms of lymphedema in the operated breast. Symptoms and distress were serially assessed with 11-point linear analogue scales. Breast lymphedema was diagnosed independent of symptoms, based on the distribution and degree of edema and erythema.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3"><title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">One hundred twenty-four women were followed for a median of 11 months, and breast lymphedema was diagnosed in 38 (31%) women. Breast lymphedema was more frequent after breast surgery with axillary node removal (49%) compared to breast surgery alone (0%), p<0.0001. Breast lymphedema involved multiple quadrants in most women and was characterized by edema in 100% and erythema in 79%. Patients with breast lymphedema were significantly more likely than women without breast lymphedema to report symptoms of breast heaviness (65% vs 22%, p<0.0001), redness (62% vs 29%, p=0.0006), and swelling (59% vs 22%, p<0.0001), but symptom-associated distress was low overall. Three of 32 breast lymphedema patients with clinical follow-up developed chronic edema.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">Breast lymphedema occurs in approximately one-half of women who undergo breast surgery with axillary node removal. The condition is characterized by diffuse skin edema and erythema as well as self-reported symptoms with a low level of distress.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>breast lymphedema</kwd>
<kwd>quality of life</kwd>
<kwd>breast edema</kwd>
<kwd>symptom</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Center for Research Resources : NCRR</funding-source>
<award-id>UL1 RR024150 || RR</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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