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<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">THE COMBINATION OF AXILLARY ULTRASOUND AND ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY IS AN ACCURATE PREDICTOR OF AXILLARY STAGE IN CLINICALLY NODE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Holwitt, Dana M" sort="Holwitt, Dana M" uniqKey="Holwitt D" first="Dana M." last="Holwitt">Dana M. Holwitt</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Swatske, Mary Ellen" sort="Swatske, Mary Ellen" uniqKey="Swatske M" first="Mary Ellen" last="Swatske">Mary Ellen Swatske</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gillanders, William E" sort="Gillanders, William E" uniqKey="Gillanders W" first="William E." last="Gillanders">William E. Gillanders</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Monsees, Barbara S" sort="Monsees, Barbara S" uniqKey="Monsees B" first="Barbara S." last="Monsees">Barbara S. Monsees</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gao, Feng" sort="Gao, Feng" uniqKey="Gao F" first="Feng" last="Gao">Feng Gao</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aft, Rebecca L" sort="Aft, Rebecca L" uniqKey="Aft R" first="Rebecca L." last="Aft">Rebecca L. Aft</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Surgery, John Cochran Veterans Hospital, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberlein, Timothy J" sort="Eberlein, Timothy J" uniqKey="Eberlein T" first="Timothy J." last="Eberlein">Timothy J. Eberlein</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Margenthaler, Julie A" sort="Margenthaler, Julie A" uniqKey="Margenthaler J" first="Julie A." last="Margenthaler">Julie A. Margenthaler</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">18723153</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3892698</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3892698</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3892698</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.06.006</idno>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003326</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003326</idno>
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<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">THE COMBINATION OF AXILLARY ULTRASOUND AND ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY IS AN ACCURATE PREDICTOR OF AXILLARY STAGE IN CLINICALLY NODE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Holwitt, Dana M" sort="Holwitt, Dana M" uniqKey="Holwitt D" first="Dana M." last="Holwitt">Dana M. Holwitt</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Swatske, Mary Ellen" sort="Swatske, Mary Ellen" uniqKey="Swatske M" first="Mary Ellen" last="Swatske">Mary Ellen Swatske</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gillanders, William E" sort="Gillanders, William E" uniqKey="Gillanders W" first="William E." last="Gillanders">William E. Gillanders</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Monsees, Barbara S" sort="Monsees, Barbara S" uniqKey="Monsees B" first="Barbara S." last="Monsees">Barbara S. Monsees</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A2">Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gao, Feng" sort="Gao, Feng" uniqKey="Gao F" first="Feng" last="Gao">Feng Gao</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A3">Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aft, Rebecca L" sort="Aft, Rebecca L" uniqKey="Aft R" first="Rebecca L." last="Aft">Rebecca L. Aft</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Surgery, John Cochran Veterans Hospital, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eberlein, Timothy J" sort="Eberlein, Timothy J" uniqKey="Eberlein T" first="Timothy J." last="Eberlein">Timothy J. Eberlein</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Margenthaler, Julie A" sort="Margenthaler, Julie A" uniqKey="Margenthaler J" first="Julie A." last="Margenthaler">Julie A. Margenthaler</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="A1">Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">American journal of surgery</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0002-9610</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1879-1883</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2008">2008</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
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<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">The study aim was to determine the accuracy of axillary ultrasound (AUS) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)/needle core biopsy in axillary breast cancer staging.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">We reviewed 256 patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer who underwent AUS +/− FNAB/needle core biopsy. AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy was compared to histopathology to determine sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy and final pathology were positive in 72/256 patients (28%). In 125/256 cases (49%), the AUS and final pathology were negative. Two of 110 patients had a false positive FNAB (1.8%); both received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nine patients (8%) had a false negative FNAB/needle core biopsy; the median size of lymph node metastasis was 3 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy was 71% and 99%, with a NPV of 84% and PPV of 97%.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy is accurate in predicting the status of the axilla in 70% of clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. This technique is minimally invasive with a low complication rate and can obviate the need for staged lymph node procedures.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0370473</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">471</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Am J Surg</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Am. J. Surg.</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>American journal of surgery</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0002-9610</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1879-1883</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">18723153</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3892698</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.06.006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS542017</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>THE COMBINATION OF AXILLARY ULTRASOUND AND ULTRASOUND-GUIDED BIOPSY IS AN ACCURATE PREDICTOR OF AXILLARY STAGE IN CLINICALLY NODE-NEGATIVE BREAST CANCER PATIENTS</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Holwitt</surname>
<given-names>Dana M.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Swatske</surname>
<given-names>Mary Ellen</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>RN</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gillanders</surname>
<given-names>William E.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Monsees</surname>
<given-names>Barbara S.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Gao</surname>
<given-names>Feng</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Aft</surname>
<given-names>Rebecca L.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD, PhD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Eberlein</surname>
<given-names>Timothy J.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Margenthaler</surname>
<given-names>Julie A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1">
<label>1</label>
Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</aff>
<aff id="A2">
<label>2</label>
Department of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</aff>
<aff id="A3">
<label>3</label>
Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</aff>
<aff id="A4">
<label>4</label>
Department of Surgery, John Cochran Veterans Hospital, St. Louis, MO</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">Address Correspondence: Julie A. Margenthaler, MD, Department of Surgery-WUSM, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Campus Box 8109, St. Louis, MO 63110, Telephone – 314-747-9724, Fax – 314-454-5509,
<email>margenthalerj@wudosis.wustl.edu</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted">
<day>3</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>23</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>10</month>
<year>2008</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>15</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>196</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>477</fpage>
<lpage>482</lpage>
<pmc-comment>elocation-id from pubmed: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2008.06.006</pmc-comment>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>© 2013 Excerpta Medica, Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2013</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Background</title>
<p id="P1">The study aim was to determine the accuracy of axillary ultrasound (AUS) and fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)/needle core biopsy in axillary breast cancer staging.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Methods</title>
<p id="P2">We reviewed 256 patients with clinically node-negative breast cancer who underwent AUS +/− FNAB/needle core biopsy. AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy was compared to histopathology to determine sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P3">AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy and final pathology were positive in 72/256 patients (28%). In 125/256 cases (49%), the AUS and final pathology were negative. Two of 110 patients had a false positive FNAB (1.8%); both received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Nine patients (8%) had a false negative FNAB/needle core biopsy; the median size of lymph node metastasis was 3 mm. The sensitivity and specificity of AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy was 71% and 99%, with a NPV of 84% and PPV of 97%.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P4">AUS-guided FNAB/needle core biopsy is accurate in predicting the status of the axilla in 70% of clinically node-negative breast cancer patients. This technique is minimally invasive with a low complication rate and can obviate the need for staged lymph node procedures.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Breast cancer</kwd>
<kwd>Axillary ultrasound (AUS)</kwd>
<kwd>Fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB)</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group>
<award-group>
<funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>P30 CA091842 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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