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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Insecticidal Bed Nets and Filariasis Transmission in Papua New Guinea</title><author><name sortKey="Reimer, Lisa J" sort="Reimer, Lisa J" uniqKey="Reimer L" first="Lisa J." last="Reimer">Lisa J. Reimer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomsen, Edward K" sort="Thomsen, Edward K" uniqKey="Thomsen E" first="Edward K." last="Thomsen">Edward K. Thomsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tisch, Daniel J" sort="Tisch, Daniel J" uniqKey="Tisch D" first="Daniel J." last="Tisch">Daniel J. Tisch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henry Halldin, Cara N" sort="Henry Halldin, Cara N" uniqKey="Henry Halldin C" first="Cara N." last="Henry-Halldin">Cara N. Henry-Halldin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmerman, Peter A" sort="Zimmerman, Peter A" uniqKey="Zimmerman P" first="Peter A." last="Zimmerman">Peter A. Zimmerman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baea, Manasseh E" sort="Baea, Manasseh E" uniqKey="Baea M" first="Manasseh E." last="Baea">Manasseh E. Baea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dagoro, Henry" sort="Dagoro, Henry" uniqKey="Dagoro H" first="Henry" last="Dagoro">Henry Dagoro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Susapu, Melinda" sort="Susapu, Melinda" uniqKey="Susapu M" first="Melinda" last="Susapu">Melinda Susapu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hetzel, Manuel W" sort="Hetzel, Manuel W" uniqKey="Hetzel M" first="Manuel W." last="Hetzel">Manuel W. Hetzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michael, Edwin" sort="Michael, Edwin" uniqKey="Michael E" first="Edwin" last="Michael">Edwin Michael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siba, Peter M" sort="Siba, Peter M" uniqKey="Siba P" first="Peter M." last="Siba">Peter M. Siba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazura, James W" sort="Kazura, James W" uniqKey="Kazura J" first="James W." last="Kazura">James W. Kazura</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23964936</idno><idno type="pmc">3835352</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3835352</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3835352</idno><idno type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1207594</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003288</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003288</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Insecticidal Bed Nets and Filariasis Transmission in Papua New Guinea</title><author><name sortKey="Reimer, Lisa J" sort="Reimer, Lisa J" uniqKey="Reimer L" first="Lisa J." last="Reimer">Lisa J. Reimer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomsen, Edward K" sort="Thomsen, Edward K" uniqKey="Thomsen E" first="Edward K." last="Thomsen">Edward K. Thomsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tisch, Daniel J" sort="Tisch, Daniel J" uniqKey="Tisch D" first="Daniel J." last="Tisch">Daniel J. Tisch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Henry Halldin, Cara N" sort="Henry Halldin, Cara N" uniqKey="Henry Halldin C" first="Cara N." last="Henry-Halldin">Cara N. Henry-Halldin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zimmerman, Peter A" sort="Zimmerman, Peter A" uniqKey="Zimmerman P" first="Peter A." last="Zimmerman">Peter A. Zimmerman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baea, Manasseh E" sort="Baea, Manasseh E" uniqKey="Baea M" first="Manasseh E." last="Baea">Manasseh E. Baea</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dagoro, Henry" sort="Dagoro, Henry" uniqKey="Dagoro H" first="Henry" last="Dagoro">Henry Dagoro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Susapu, Melinda" sort="Susapu, Melinda" uniqKey="Susapu M" first="Melinda" last="Susapu">Melinda Susapu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hetzel, Manuel W" sort="Hetzel, Manuel W" uniqKey="Hetzel M" first="Manuel W." last="Hetzel">Manuel W. Hetzel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michael, Edwin" sort="Michael, Edwin" uniqKey="Michael E" first="Edwin" last="Michael">Edwin Michael</name></author><author><name sortKey="Siba, Peter M" sort="Siba, Peter M" uniqKey="Siba P" first="Peter M." last="Siba">Peter M. Siba</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kazura, James W" sort="Kazura, James W" uniqKey="Kazura J" first="James W." last="Kazura">James W. Kazura</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The New England journal of medicine</title><idno type="ISSN">0028-4793</idno><idno type="eISSN">1533-4406</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="S1"><title>BACKGROUND</title><p id="P3">Global efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis are based on the annual mass administration of antifilarial drugs to reduce the microfilaria reservoir available to the mosquito vector. Insecticide-treated bed nets are being widely used in areas in which filariasis and malaria are coendemic.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>METHODS</title><p id="P4">We studied five villages in which five annual mass administrations of antifilarial drugs, which were completed in 1998, reduced the transmission of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>, one of the nematodes that cause lymphatic filariasis. A total of 21,899 anopheles mosquitoes were collected for 26 months before and 11 to 36 months after bed nets treated with long-lasting insecticide were distributed in 2009. We evaluated the status of filarial infection and the presence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> DNA in anopheline mosquitoes before and after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets. We then used a model of population dynamics to estimate the probabilities of transmission cessation.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>RESULTS</title><p id="P5">Village-specific rates of bites from anopheline mosquitoes ranged from 6.4 to 61.3 bites per person per day before the bed-net distribution and from 1.1 to 9.4 bites for 11 months after distribution (P<0.001). During the same period, the rate of detection of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> in anopheline mosquitoes decreased from 1.8% to 0.4% (P = 0.005), and the rate of detection of filarial DNA decreased from 19.4% to 14.9% (P = 0.13). The annual transmission potential was 5 to 325 infective larvae inoculated per person per year before the bed-net distribution and 0 after the distribution. Among all five villages with a prevalence of microfilariae of 2 to 38%, the probability of transmission cessation increased from less than 1.0% before the bed-net distribution to a range of 4.9 to 95% in the 11 months after distribution.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p id="P6">Vector control with insecticide-treated bed nets is a valuable tool for <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> elimination in areas in which anopheline mosquitoes transmit the parasite. (Funded by the U.S. Public Health Service and the National Institutes of Health.)</p></sec></div></front></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0255562</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">5985</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">N Engl J Med</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">N. Engl. J. Med.</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The New England journal of medicine</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0028-4793</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1533-4406</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23964936</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3835352</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1207594</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS526411</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Insecticidal Bed Nets and Filariasis Transmission in Papua New Guinea</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reimer</surname><given-names>Lisa J.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thomsen</surname><given-names>Edward K.</given-names></name><degrees>M.Sc.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tisch</surname><given-names>Daniel J.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Henry-Halldin</surname><given-names>Cara N.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zimmerman</surname><given-names>Peter A.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baea</surname><given-names>Manasseh E.</given-names></name></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dagoro</surname><given-names>Henry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN2">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Susapu</surname><given-names>Melinda</given-names></name><degrees>B.A.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hetzel</surname><given-names>Manuel W.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bockarie</surname><given-names>Moses J.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Michael</surname><given-names>Edwin</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Siba</surname><given-names>Peter M.</given-names></name><degrees>Ph.D.</degrees></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kazura</surname><given-names>James W.</given-names></name><degrees>M.D.</degrees></contrib><aff id="A1">Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Goroka and Madang (L.J.R., E.K.T., M.E.B., H.D., M.W.H., P.M.S.), and the Papua New Guinea Department of Health, Port Moresby (M.S.) — all in Papua New Guinea; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland (L.J.R., E.K.T., D.J.T, C.N.H.-H., P.A.Z., J.W.K.); Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom (L.J.R., E.K.T., M.S., M.J.B.); University of Queensland, School of Population Health, Herston, Australia (M.W.H.); and the University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN (E.M.). Address reprint requests to Dr. Kazura at the Center for Global Health and Diseases, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, 2109 Adelbert Rd., Suite 431, Cleveland, OH 44106-4983, or at<email>jxk14@case.edu</email></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><fn id="FN1" fn-type="equal"><p id="P1">Dr. Reimer and Mr. Thomsen contributed equally to this article.</p></fn><fn id="FN2"><label>*</label><p id="P2">Deceased.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>6</day><month>11</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>22</day><month>8</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>22</day><month>2</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>369</volume><issue>8</issue><elocation-id>10.1056/NEJMoa1207594</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2013 Massachusetts Medical Society.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year></permissions><abstract><sec id="S1"><title>BACKGROUND</title><p id="P3">Global efforts to eliminate lymphatic filariasis are based on the annual mass administration of antifilarial drugs to reduce the microfilaria reservoir available to the mosquito vector. Insecticide-treated bed nets are being widely used in areas in which filariasis and malaria are coendemic.</p></sec><sec id="S2"><title>METHODS</title><p id="P4">We studied five villages in which five annual mass administrations of antifilarial drugs, which were completed in 1998, reduced the transmission of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>, one of the nematodes that cause lymphatic filariasis. A total of 21,899 anopheles mosquitoes were collected for 26 months before and 11 to 36 months after bed nets treated with long-lasting insecticide were distributed in 2009. We evaluated the status of filarial infection and the presence of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> DNA in anopheline mosquitoes before and after the introduction of insecticide-treated bed nets. We then used a model of population dynamics to estimate the probabilities of transmission cessation.</p></sec><sec id="S3"><title>RESULTS</title><p id="P5">Village-specific rates of bites from anopheline mosquitoes ranged from 6.4 to 61.3 bites per person per day before the bed-net distribution and from 1.1 to 9.4 bites for 11 months after distribution (P<0.001). During the same period, the rate of detection of <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> in anopheline mosquitoes decreased from 1.8% to 0.4% (P = 0.005), and the rate of detection of filarial DNA decreased from 19.4% to 14.9% (P = 0.13). The annual transmission potential was 5 to 325 infective larvae inoculated per person per year before the bed-net distribution and 0 after the distribution. Among all five villages with a prevalence of microfilariae of 2 to 38%, the probability of transmission cessation increased from less than 1.0% before the bed-net distribution to a range of 4.9 to 95% in the 11 months after distribution.</p></sec><sec id="S4"><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p id="P6">Vector control with insecticide-treated bed nets is a valuable tool for <italic>W. bancrofti</italic> elimination in areas in which anopheline mosquitoes transmit the parasite. (Funded by the U.S. Public Health Service and the National Institutes of Health.)</p></sec></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Extramural Activities : NIAID</funding-source><award-id>U19 AI065717 || AI</award-id></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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