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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sentinel Lymph Nodes in the Rat: Noninvasive Photoacoustic and US Imaging with a Clinical US System<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Erpelding, Todd N" sort="Erpelding, Todd N" uniqKey="Erpelding T" first="Todd N." last="Erpelding">Todd N. Erpelding</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Chulhong" sort="Kim, Chulhong" uniqKey="Kim C" first="Chulhong" last="Kim">Chulhong Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pramanik, Manojit" sort="Pramanik, Manojit" uniqKey="Pramanik M" first="Manojit" last="Pramanik">Manojit Pramanik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Ladislav" sort="Jankovic, Ladislav" uniqKey="Jankovic L" first="Ladislav" last="Jankovic">Ladislav Jankovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maslov, Konstantin" sort="Maslov, Konstantin" uniqKey="Maslov K" first="Konstantin" last="Maslov">Konstantin Maslov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Zijian" sort="Guo, Zijian" uniqKey="Guo Z" first="Zijian" last="Guo">Zijian Guo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Margenthaler, Julie A" sort="Margenthaler, Julie A" uniqKey="Margenthaler J" first="Julie A." last="Margenthaler">Julie A. Margenthaler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pashley, Michael D" sort="Pashley, Michael D" uniqKey="Pashley M" first="Michael D." last="Pashley">Michael D. Pashley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Lihong V" sort="Wang, Lihong V" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lihong V." last="Wang">Lihong V. Wang</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">20574088</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2897692</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2897692</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2897692</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1148/radiol.10091772</idno>
<date when="2010">2010</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">003181</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">003181</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Sentinel Lymph Nodes in the Rat: Noninvasive Photoacoustic and US Imaging with a Clinical US System<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</title>
<author><name sortKey="Erpelding, Todd N" sort="Erpelding, Todd N" uniqKey="Erpelding T" first="Todd N." last="Erpelding">Todd N. Erpelding</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Chulhong" sort="Kim, Chulhong" uniqKey="Kim C" first="Chulhong" last="Kim">Chulhong Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pramanik, Manojit" sort="Pramanik, Manojit" uniqKey="Pramanik M" first="Manojit" last="Pramanik">Manojit Pramanik</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jankovic, Ladislav" sort="Jankovic, Ladislav" uniqKey="Jankovic L" first="Ladislav" last="Jankovic">Ladislav Jankovic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maslov, Konstantin" sort="Maslov, Konstantin" uniqKey="Maslov K" first="Konstantin" last="Maslov">Konstantin Maslov</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guo, Zijian" sort="Guo, Zijian" uniqKey="Guo Z" first="Zijian" last="Guo">Zijian Guo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Margenthaler, Julie A" sort="Margenthaler, Julie A" uniqKey="Margenthaler J" first="Julie A." last="Margenthaler">Julie A. Margenthaler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pashley, Michael D" sort="Pashley, Michael D" uniqKey="Pashley M" first="Michael D." last="Pashley">Michael D. Pashley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Lihong V" sort="Wang, Lihong V" uniqKey="Wang L" first="Lihong V." last="Wang">Lihong V. Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Radiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0033-8419</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1527-1315</idno>
<imprint><date when="2010">2010</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Noninvasive photoacoustic and US mapping of rat sentinel lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels was successfully demonstrated by using methylene blue dye with a modified clinical US imaging system.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Radiology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">radiology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">radiology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Radiology</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Radiology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0033-8419</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1527-1315</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Radiological Society of North America, Inc.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20574088</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2897692</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">091772</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1148/radiol.10091772</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>21</subject>
<subject>25</subject>
</subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Research</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Experimental Studies</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Sentinel Lymph Nodes in the Rat: Noninvasive Photoacoustic and US Imaging with a Clinical US System<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Erpelding</surname>
<given-names>Todd N.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Chulhong</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pramanik</surname>
<given-names>Manojit</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MTech</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jankovic</surname>
<given-names>Ladislav</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Maslov</surname>
<given-names>Konstantin</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guo</surname>
<given-names>Zijian</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>BS</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Margenthaler</surname>
<given-names>Julie A.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>MD</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pashley</surname>
<given-names>Michael D.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Lihong V.</given-names>
</name>
<degrees>PhD</degrees>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>
From Philips Research North America, Briarcliff Manor, NY (T.N.E., L.J., M.D.P.); Optical Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St Louis, Campus Box 1097, One Brookings Drive, St Louis, MO 63130-4899 (C.K., M.P., K.M., Z.G., L.V.W.); and Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Mo (J.A.M.).</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address correspondence to</bold>
L.V.W. (e-mail: <email>lhwang@biomed.wustl.edu</email>
).</corresp>
<fn fn-type="con"><p><bold>Author contributions:</bold>
Guarantors of integrity of entire study, T.N.E., C.K., M.P., L.J., M.D.P., L.V.W.; study concepts/study design or data acquisition or data analysis/interpretation, all authors; manuscript drafting or manuscript revision for important intellectual content, all authors; approval of final version of submitted manuscript, all authors; literature research, T.N.E., C.K., M.P., L.J., J.A.M., L.V.W.; clinical studies, C.K., J.A.M.; experimental studies, T.N.E., C.K., M.P., L.J., K.M., Z.G., L.V.W.; statistical analysis, T.N.E., C.K., L.V.W.; and manuscript editing, T.N.E., C.K., M.P., L.J., J.A.M., M.D.P., L.V.W.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>7</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><month>7</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the
. </pmc-comment>
<volume>256</volume>
<issue>1</issue>
<fpage>102</fpage>
<lpage>110</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© RSNA, 2010</copyright-statement>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="091772.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract abstract-type="precis"><p>Noninvasive photoacoustic and US mapping of rat sentinel lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels was successfully demonstrated by using methylene blue dye with a modified clinical US imaging system.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract><sec><title>Purpose:</title>
<p>To evaluate in vivo sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping by using photoacoustic and ultrasonographic (US) imaging with a modified clinical US imaging system.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Materials and Methods:</title>
<p>Animal protocols were approved by the Animal Studies Committee. Methylene blue dye accumulation in axillary lymph nodes of seven healthy Sprague-Dawley rats was imaged by using a photoacoustic imaging system adapted from a clinical US imaging system. To investigate clinical translation, the imaging depth was extended up to 2.5 cm by adding chicken or turkey breast on top of the rat skin surface. Three-dimensional photoacoustic images were acquired by mechanically scanning the US transducer and light delivery fiber bundle along the elevational direction.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results:</title>
<p>Photoacoustic images of rat SLNs clearly help visualization of methylene blue accumulation, whereas coregistered photoacoustic/US images depict lymph node positions relative to surrounding anatomy. Twenty minutes following methylene blue injection, photoacoustic signals from SLN regions increased nearly 33-fold from baseline signals in preinjection images, and mean contrast between SLNs and background tissue was 76.0 ± 23.7 (standard deviation). Methylene blue accumulation in SLNs was confirmed photoacoustically by using the optical absorption spectrum of the dye. Three-dimensional photoacoustic images demonstrate dynamic accumulation of methylene blue in SLNs after traveling through lymph vessels.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusion:</title>
<p>In vivo photoacoustic and US mapping of SLNs was successfully demonstrated with a modified clinical US scanner. These results raise confidence that photoacoustic and US imaging can be used clinically for accurate, noninvasive imaging of SLNs for axillary lymph node staging in breast cancer patients.</p>
<p>© RSNA, 2010</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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