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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Detection: An Alternative Solution for Centers Lacking Nuclear Technology</title>
<author><name sortKey="Alhussini, Mahmoud A" sort="Alhussini, Mahmoud A" uniqKey="Alhussini M" first="Mahmoud A." last="Alhussini">Mahmoud A. Alhussini</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Awad, Ahmed T" sort="Awad, Ahmed T" uniqKey="Awad A" first="Ahmed T." last="Awad">Ahmed T. Awad</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashour, Mohamed H" sort="Ashour, Mohamed H" uniqKey="Ashour M" first="Mohamed H." last="Ashour">Mohamed H. Ashour</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdelateef, Ahmed" sort="Abdelateef, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdelateef A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdelateef">Ahmed Abdelateef</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fayed, Haytham" sort="Fayed, Haytham" uniqKey="Fayed H" first="Haytham" last="Fayed">Haytham Fayed</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27721714</idno>
<idno type="pmc">5040880</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5040880</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:5040880</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1159/000448409</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002D06</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002D06</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Detection: An Alternative Solution for Centers Lacking Nuclear Technology</title>
<author><name sortKey="Alhussini, Mahmoud A" sort="Alhussini, Mahmoud A" uniqKey="Alhussini M" first="Mahmoud A." last="Alhussini">Mahmoud A. Alhussini</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Awad, Ahmed T" sort="Awad, Ahmed T" uniqKey="Awad A" first="Ahmed T." last="Awad">Ahmed T. Awad</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ashour, Mohamed H" sort="Ashour, Mohamed H" uniqKey="Ashour M" first="Mohamed H." last="Ashour">Mohamed H. Ashour</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Abdelateef, Ahmed" sort="Abdelateef, Ahmed" uniqKey="Abdelateef A" first="Ahmed" last="Abdelateef">Ahmed Abdelateef</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fayed, Haytham" sort="Fayed, Haytham" uniqKey="Fayed H" first="Haytham" last="Fayed">Haytham Fayed</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Breast Care</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1661-3791</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1661-3805</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Sentinel lymph node (SLN) has become the gold standard for all cases with no axillary nodal metastasis. The combined radioisotope and blue dye technique is adopted in most centers. The lack of the technology for radioisotope in our institution encouraged us to study the feasibility of methylene blue (MB) for SLN detection in breast cancer patients admitted to Alexandria Surgical Oncology Unit.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>A total of 144 cases were subjected to SLN detection by injecting 2 ml of MB 1%. This was followed by standard axillary lymph node dissection. The safety and accuracy of MB as a tracer for detection of SLN were studied.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The identification rate was 93.15%. The number of SLN identified ranged from 1 to 8 nodes with a mean of 1.75 ± 1.17. The sensitivity of MB dye technique was 96.3%. The false negative rate was 3.7%. The negative predictive value was 97.6% and the accuracy was 98.5%.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>MB is a safe, reliable, cheap, and accurate alternative tracer for detection of SLN.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Breast Care (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Breast Care (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BRC</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Breast Care</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1661-3791</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1661-3805</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>S. Karger GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Wilhelmstrasse 20A, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, D–79095, Freiburg, Germany · Deutschland · Allemagne, Phone: +49 761 45 20 70, Fax: +49 761 4 52 07 14, information@karger.de</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27721714</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5040880</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000448409</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">brc-0011-0265</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Breast Cancer Sentinel Node Detection: An Alternative Solution for Centers Lacking Nuclear Technology</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alhussini</surname>
<given-names>Mahmoud A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Awad</surname>
<given-names>Ahmed T.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ashour</surname>
<given-names>Mohamed H.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Abdelateef</surname>
<given-names>Ahmed</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fayed</surname>
<given-names>Haytham</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt, Alexandria, Egypt</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
Surgery Department, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Dr. Mahmoud A. Alhussini, Surgical Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Azarita, Alexandria, 21131, Egypt, <email>mahmoud.elhussini@alexmed.edu.eg</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>8</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>8</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and
0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>265</fpage>
<lpage>268</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 by S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Sentinel lymph node (SLN) has become the gold standard for all cases with no axillary nodal metastasis. The combined radioisotope and blue dye technique is adopted in most centers. The lack of the technology for radioisotope in our institution encouraged us to study the feasibility of methylene blue (MB) for SLN detection in breast cancer patients admitted to Alexandria Surgical Oncology Unit.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methods</title>
<p>A total of 144 cases were subjected to SLN detection by injecting 2 ml of MB 1%. This was followed by standard axillary lymph node dissection. The safety and accuracy of MB as a tracer for detection of SLN were studied.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Results</title>
<p>The identification rate was 93.15%. The number of SLN identified ranged from 1 to 8 nodes with a mean of 1.75 ± 1.17. The sensitivity of MB dye technique was 96.3%. The false negative rate was 3.7%. The negative predictive value was 97.6% and the accuracy was 98.5%.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>MB is a safe, reliable, cheap, and accurate alternative tracer for detection of SLN.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><title>Key Words</title>
<kwd>SNB</kwd>
<kwd>Methylene blue</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="2"></fig-count>
<table-count count="2"></table-count>
<ref-count count="29"></ref-count>
<page-count count="4"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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