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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">AN OVERVIEW OF ELASTOGRAPHY – AN EMERGING BRANCH OF MEDICAL IMAGING</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sarvazyan, Armen" sort="Sarvazyan, Armen" uniqKey="Sarvazyan A" first="Armen" last="Sarvazyan">Armen Sarvazyan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Artann Laboratories, Trenton, NJ 08618 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hall, Timothy J" sort="Hall, Timothy J" uniqKey="Hall T" first="Timothy J." last="Hall">Timothy J. Hall</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urban, Matthew W" sort="Urban, Matthew W" uniqKey="Urban M" first="Matthew W." last="Urban">Matthew W. Urban</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fatemi, Mostafa" sort="Fatemi, Mostafa" uniqKey="Fatemi M" first="Mostafa" last="Fatemi">Mostafa Fatemi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aglyamov, Salavat R" sort="Aglyamov, Salavat R" uniqKey="Aglyamov S" first="Salavat R." last="Aglyamov">Salavat R. Aglyamov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, Texas 78751 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garra, Brian S" sort="Garra, Brian S" uniqKey="Garra B" first="Brian S." last="Garra">Brian S. Garra</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Radiology, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22308105</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3269947</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3269947</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3269947</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002990</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002990</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">AN OVERVIEW OF ELASTOGRAPHY – AN EMERGING BRANCH OF MEDICAL IMAGING</title>
<author><name sortKey="Sarvazyan, Armen" sort="Sarvazyan, Armen" uniqKey="Sarvazyan A" first="Armen" last="Sarvazyan">Armen Sarvazyan</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A1">Artann Laboratories, Trenton, NJ 08618 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hall, Timothy J" sort="Hall, Timothy J" uniqKey="Hall T" first="Timothy J." last="Hall">Timothy J. Hall</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A2">Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Urban, Matthew W" sort="Urban, Matthew W" uniqKey="Urban M" first="Matthew W." last="Urban">Matthew W. Urban</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fatemi, Mostafa" sort="Fatemi, Mostafa" uniqKey="Fatemi M" first="Mostafa" last="Fatemi">Mostafa Fatemi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A3">Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aglyamov, Salavat R" sort="Aglyamov, Salavat R" uniqKey="Aglyamov S" first="Salavat R." last="Aglyamov">Salavat R. Aglyamov</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A4">Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, Texas 78751 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garra, Brian S" sort="Garra, Brian S" uniqKey="Garra B" first="Brian S." last="Garra">Brian S. Garra</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="A5">Department of Radiology, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Current medical imaging reviews</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1573-4056</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P1">From times immemorial manual palpation served as a source of information on the state of soft tissues and allowed detection of various diseases accompanied by changes in tissue elasticity. During the last two decades, the ancient art of palpation gained new life due to numerous emerging elasticity imaging (EI) methods. Areas of applications of EI in medical diagnostics and treatment monitoring are steadily expanding. Elasticity imaging methods are emerging as commercial applications, a true testament to the progress and importance of the field.</p>
<p id="P2">In this paper we present a brief history and theoretical basis of EI, describe various techniques of EI and, analyze their advantages and limitations, and overview main clinical applications. We present a classification of elasticity measurement and imaging techniques based on the methods used for generating a stress in the tissue (external mechanical force, internal ultrasound radiation force, or an internal endogenous force), and measurement of the tissue response. The measurement method can be performed using differing physical principles including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, optical and acoustic signals.</p>
<p id="P3">Until recently, EI was largely a research method used by a few select institutions having the special equipment needed to perform the studies. Since 2005 however, increasing numbers of mainstream manufacturers have added EI to their ultrasound systems so that today the majority of manufacturers offer some sort of Elastography or tissue stiffness imaging on their clinical systems. Now it is safe to say that some sort of elasticity imaging may be performed on virtually all types of focal and diffuse disease. Most of the new applications are still in the early stages of research, but a few are becoming common applications in clinical practice.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">101272516</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">36017</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Curr Med Imaging Rev</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Current medical imaging reviews</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1573-4056</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22308105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3269947</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS325956</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>AN OVERVIEW OF ELASTOGRAPHY – AN EMERGING BRANCH OF MEDICAL IMAGING</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarvazyan</surname>
<given-names>Armen</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hall</surname>
<given-names>Timothy J.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A2" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Urban</surname>
<given-names>Matthew W.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fatemi</surname>
<given-names>Mostafa</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Aglyamov</surname>
<given-names>Salavat R.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A4" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Garra</surname>
<given-names>Brian S.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="A5" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A1"><label>1</label>
Artann Laboratories, Trenton, NJ 08618 USA</aff>
<aff id="A2"><label>2</label>
Medical Physics Department, University of Wisconsin, 1005 WIMR, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705 USA</aff>
<aff id="A3"><label>3</label>
Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA</aff>
<aff id="A4"><label>4</label>
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station, C0800, Austin, Texas 78751 USA</aff>
<aff id="A5"><label>5</label>
Department of Radiology, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 50 Irving St NW, Washington, DC 20422 USA</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>28</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>11</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>1</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>255</fpage>
<lpage>282</lpage>
<abstract><p id="P1">From times immemorial manual palpation served as a source of information on the state of soft tissues and allowed detection of various diseases accompanied by changes in tissue elasticity. During the last two decades, the ancient art of palpation gained new life due to numerous emerging elasticity imaging (EI) methods. Areas of applications of EI in medical diagnostics and treatment monitoring are steadily expanding. Elasticity imaging methods are emerging as commercial applications, a true testament to the progress and importance of the field.</p>
<p id="P2">In this paper we present a brief history and theoretical basis of EI, describe various techniques of EI and, analyze their advantages and limitations, and overview main clinical applications. We present a classification of elasticity measurement and imaging techniques based on the methods used for generating a stress in the tissue (external mechanical force, internal ultrasound radiation force, or an internal endogenous force), and measurement of the tissue response. The measurement method can be performed using differing physical principles including magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound imaging, X-ray imaging, optical and acoustic signals.</p>
<p id="P3">Until recently, EI was largely a research method used by a few select institutions having the special equipment needed to perform the studies. Since 2005 however, increasing numbers of mainstream manufacturers have added EI to their ultrasound systems so that today the majority of manufacturers offer some sort of Elastography or tissue stiffness imaging on their clinical systems. Now it is safe to say that some sort of elasticity imaging may be performed on virtually all types of focal and diffuse disease. Most of the new applications are still in the early stages of research, but a few are becoming common applications in clinical practice.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>Elasticity</kwd>
<kwd>viscoelasticity</kwd>
<kwd>stiffness</kwd>
<kwd>modulus</kwd>
<kwd>ultrasound</kwd>
<kwd>MRI</kwd>
<kwd>elastography</kwd>
<kwd>MRE</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<funding-group><award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>R44 CA091392-04 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>R44 CA082620-05 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>R43 CA094444-01 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>R21 CA133488-02 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>R21 CA121579-02 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 CA140271-03 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>R01 CA127235-03 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
<award-group><funding-source country="United States">National Cancer Institute : NCI</funding-source>
<award-id>P50 CA091956-10 || CA</award-id>
</award-group>
</funding-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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