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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Lymph heart musculature is under distinct developmental control from lymphatic endothelium</title>
<author><name sortKey="Peyrot, Sara M" sort="Peyrot, Sara M" uniqKey="Peyrot S" first="Sara M." last="Peyrot">Sara M. Peyrot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Benjamin L" sort="Martin, Benjamin L" uniqKey="Martin B" first="Benjamin L." last="Martin">Benjamin L. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harland, Richard M" sort="Harland, Richard M" uniqKey="Harland R" first="Richard M." last="Harland">Richard M. Harland</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">20067786</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2845526</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2845526</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2845526</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.01.002</idno>
<date when="2010">2010</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">002768</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">002768</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Lymph heart musculature is under distinct developmental control from lymphatic endothelium</title>
<author><name sortKey="Peyrot, Sara M" sort="Peyrot, Sara M" uniqKey="Peyrot S" first="Sara M." last="Peyrot">Sara M. Peyrot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Benjamin L" sort="Martin, Benjamin L" uniqKey="Martin B" first="Benjamin L." last="Martin">Benjamin L. Martin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harland, Richard M" sort="Harland, Richard M" uniqKey="Harland R" first="Richard M." last="Harland">Richard M. Harland</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Developmental biology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0012-1606</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1095-564X</idno>
<imprint><date when="2010">2010</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="P2">Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Although they are absent in mammals, the initial veno-lymphatic plexus that forms during mammalian jugular lymph sac development has been described as the vestigial homologue of the nascent stage of ancestral anterior lymph hearts. Despite the widespread presence of lymph hearts among vertebrate species and their unique function, extremely little is known about lymph heart development. We show that <italic>Xenopus</italic>
anterior lymph heart muscle expresses skeletal muscle markers such as <italic>myoD</italic>
and 12/101, rather than cardiac markers. The onset of lymph heart myoblast induction can be visualized by <italic>engrailed-1</italic>
(<italic>en1</italic>
) staining in anterior trunk somites, which is dependent on Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. In the absence of Hh signaling and upon en1 knockdown, lymph heart muscle fails to develop, despite the normal development of the lymphatic endothelium of the lymph heart, and embryos develop edema. These results suggest a mechanism for the evolutionary transition from anterior lymph hearts to jugular lymph sacs in mammals.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article" xml:lang="EN"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<pmc-dir>properties manuscript</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-journal-id">0372762</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pubmed-jr-id">3389</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Dev Biol</journal-id>
<journal-title>Developmental biology</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0012-1606</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1095-564X</issn>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">20067786</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">2845526</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ydbio.2010.01.002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="manuscript">NIHMS178439</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Lymph heart musculature is under distinct developmental control from lymphatic endothelium</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peyrot</surname>
<given-names>Sara M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">‡</xref>
<xref rid="FN3" ref-type="author-notes">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Martin</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="FN2" ref-type="author-notes">‡</xref>
<xref rid="FN4" ref-type="author-notes">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Harland</surname>
<given-names>Richard M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="FN1" ref-type="author-notes">*</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="A1">Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Genetics, Genomics, and Development, Center for Integrative Genomics, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720-3204</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="FN1"><label>*</label>
Author for correspondence (<email>harland@berkeley.edu</email>
)</corresp>
<fn id="FN2" fn-type="equal"><label>‡</label>
<p>These authors contributed equally to this work</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN3" fn-type="present-address"><label>1</label>
<p>Current address: Department of Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology, 214 Patterson Labs, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN4" fn-type="present-address"><label>2</label>
<p>Current address: Department of Biochemistry, Box 357350, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="nihms-submitted"><day>18</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>15</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2010</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>15</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>339</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>429</fpage>
<lpage>438</lpage>
<abstract><p id="P2">Lymph hearts are pulsatile organs, present in lower vertebrates, that function to propel lymph into the venous system. Although they are absent in mammals, the initial veno-lymphatic plexus that forms during mammalian jugular lymph sac development has been described as the vestigial homologue of the nascent stage of ancestral anterior lymph hearts. Despite the widespread presence of lymph hearts among vertebrate species and their unique function, extremely little is known about lymph heart development. We show that <italic>Xenopus</italic>
anterior lymph heart muscle expresses skeletal muscle markers such as <italic>myoD</italic>
and 12/101, rather than cardiac markers. The onset of lymph heart myoblast induction can be visualized by <italic>engrailed-1</italic>
(<italic>en1</italic>
) staining in anterior trunk somites, which is dependent on Hedgehog (Hh) signaling. In the absence of Hh signaling and upon en1 knockdown, lymph heart muscle fails to develop, despite the normal development of the lymphatic endothelium of the lymph heart, and embryos develop edema. These results suggest a mechanism for the evolutionary transition from anterior lymph hearts to jugular lymph sacs in mammals.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd><italic>Xenopus</italic>
</kwd>
<kwd>lymph heart</kwd>
<kwd>lymphatic</kwd>
<kwd>muscle</kwd>
<kwd>engrailed</kwd>
<kwd>Prox</kwd>
<kwd>Hedgehog</kwd>
<kwd>edema</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<contract-num rid="GM1">R01 GM042341-24
||GM</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="GM1">National Institute of General Medical Sciences : NIGMS</contract-sponsor>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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