Impact of the Ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after axillary or inguinal lymphadenectomy
Identifieur interne : 000C89 ( Pmc/Corpus ); précédent : 000C88; suivant : 000C90Impact of the Ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after axillary or inguinal lymphadenectomy
Auteurs : Olivier Gié ; Marie-Laure Matthey-Gié ; Pedro-Manuel Marques-Vidal ; Nicolas Demartines ; Maurice MatterSource :
- BMC Surgery [ 1471-2482 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
Seroma formation and lymphoedema are frequently encountered complications after radical lymph node dissection (RLND). Attempts to reduce the lymphatic morbidity include the use of Ultrasonic Scalpel. The aim of the present analysis was to assess the impact of the ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after lymph node dissection.
Patients listed for a RLND or completion lymph node dissection (CLND) were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the impact of two surgical dissection techniques (USS versus control) on the amount of drained lymph. The lymph drained in 24 h was collected. Our primary endpoint was to compare the daily amount of drained lymph between the two groups. Secondary endpoints were the comparison of drained lymph with the BMI of the patients, the gender and the surgical site (axilla, groin).
Eighty patients were randomly assigned to the USS group or the Control (C) group. No difference was measured in the total amount of lymph drained (USS: 2908 ± 2453 ml vs. C: 3898 ± 5791 ml;
The study suggests that the use of Harmonic scalpel did not influence the amount of lymph drained after RLND and not support the theory that USS induces oversealing of lymphatics.
Clinical Trial
Url:
DOI: 10.1186/s12893-017-0222-1
PubMed: 28327108
PubMed Central: 5360050
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5360050Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Impact of the Ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after axillary or inguinal lymphadenectomy</title><author><name sortKey="Gie, Olivier" sort="Gie, Olivier" uniqKey="Gie O" first="Olivier" last="Gié">Olivier Gié</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matthey Gie, Marie Laure" sort="Matthey Gie, Marie Laure" uniqKey="Matthey Gie M" first="Marie-Laure" last="Matthey-Gié">Marie-Laure Matthey-Gié</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro Manuel" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro Manuel" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro-Manuel" last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro-Manuel Marques-Vidal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demartines, Nicolas" sort="Demartines, Nicolas" uniqKey="Demartines N" first="Nicolas" last="Demartines">Nicolas Demartines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matter, Maurice" sort="Matter, Maurice" uniqKey="Matter M" first="Maurice" last="Matter">Maurice Matter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28327108</idno><idno type="pmc">5360050</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5360050</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5360050</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12893-017-0222-1</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C89</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000C89</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Impact of the Ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after axillary or inguinal lymphadenectomy</title><author><name sortKey="Gie, Olivier" sort="Gie, Olivier" uniqKey="Gie O" first="Olivier" last="Gié">Olivier Gié</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matthey Gie, Marie Laure" sort="Matthey Gie, Marie Laure" uniqKey="Matthey Gie M" first="Marie-Laure" last="Matthey-Gié">Marie-Laure Matthey-Gié</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marques Vidal, Pedro Manuel" sort="Marques Vidal, Pedro Manuel" uniqKey="Marques Vidal P" first="Pedro-Manuel" last="Marques-Vidal">Pedro-Manuel Marques-Vidal</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demartines, Nicolas" sort="Demartines, Nicolas" uniqKey="Demartines N" first="Nicolas" last="Demartines">Nicolas Demartines</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Matter, Maurice" sort="Matter, Maurice" uniqKey="Matter M" first="Maurice" last="Matter">Maurice Matter</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMC Surgery</title><idno type="eISSN">1471-2482</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Seroma formation and lymphoedema are frequently encountered complications after radical lymph node dissection (RLND). Attempts to reduce the lymphatic morbidity include the use of Ultrasonic Scalpel. The aim of the present analysis was to assess the impact of the ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after lymph node dissection.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Patients listed for a RLND or completion lymph node dissection (CLND) were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the impact of two surgical dissection techniques (USS versus control) on the amount of drained lymph. The lymph drained in 24 h was collected. Our primary endpoint was to compare the daily amount of drained lymph between the two groups. Secondary endpoints were the comparison of drained lymph with the BMI of the patients, the gender and the surgical site (axilla, groin).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Eighty patients were randomly assigned to the USS group or the Control (C) group. No difference was measured in the total amount of lymph drained (USS: 2908 ± 2453 ml vs. C: 3898 ± 5791 ml; <italic>p</italic>-value = 0.382). The result was also similar after adjusting for gender, age, and BMI. A significant higher amount of lymph was measured after inguinal dissection with USS compared to axillary (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The study suggests that the use of Harmonic scalpel did not influence the amount of lymph drained after RLND and not support the theory that USS induces oversealing of lymphatics.</p></sec><sec><title>Trial registration</title><p>Clinical Trial <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=02476357&pg=1">NCT02476357</ext-link>. Registered 20 of February 2015.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Di Monta, G" uniqKey="Di Monta G">G Di Monta</name></author><author><name sortKey="Caraco, C" uniqKey="Caraco C">C Caraco</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crispo, A" uniqKey="Crispo A">A Crispo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marone, U" uniqKey="Marone U">U Marone</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mozzillo, N" uniqKey="Mozzillo N">N Mozzillo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Van Bemmel, Aj" uniqKey="Van Bemmel A">AJ van Bemmel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Velde, Cj" uniqKey="Van De Velde C">CJ van de Velde</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmitz, Rf" uniqKey="Schmitz R">RF Schmitz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liefers, Gj" uniqKey="Liefers G">GJ Liefers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lumachi, F" uniqKey="Lumachi F">F Lumachi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Basso, Sm" uniqKey="Basso S">SM Basso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Santeufemia, Da" uniqKey="Santeufemia D">DA Santeufemia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonamini, M" uniqKey="Bonamini M">M Bonamini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiara, Gb" uniqKey="Chiara G">GB Chiara</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Petrek, Ja" uniqKey="Petrek J">JA Petrek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pressman, Pi" uniqKey="Pressman P">PI Pressman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Smith, Ra" uniqKey="Smith R">RA Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shih, Yc" uniqKey="Shih Y">YC Shih</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Y" uniqKey="Xu Y">Y Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cormier, Jn" uniqKey="Cormier J">JN Cormier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giordano, S" uniqKey="Giordano S">S Giordano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ridner, Sh" uniqKey="Ridner S">SH Ridner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Buchholz, Ta" uniqKey="Buchholz T">TA Buchholz</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beaulac, Sm" uniqKey="Beaulac S">SM Beaulac</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcnair, La" uniqKey="Mcnair L">LA McNair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Scott, Te" uniqKey="Scott T">TE Scott</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lamorte, Ww" uniqKey="Lamorte W">WW LaMorte</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kavanah, Mt" uniqKey="Kavanah M">MT Kavanah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sajid, Ms" uniqKey="Sajid M">MS Sajid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hutson, Kh" uniqKey="Hutson K">KH Hutson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rapisarda, If" uniqKey="Rapisarda I">IF Rapisarda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bonomi, R" uniqKey="Bonomi R">R Bonomi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Judson, Pl" uniqKey="Judson P">PL Judson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonson, Al" uniqKey="Jonson A">AL Jonson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Paley, Pj" uniqKey="Paley P">PJ Paley</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bliss, Rl" uniqKey="Bliss R">RL Bliss</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murray, Kp" uniqKey="Murray K">KP Murray</name></author><author><name sortKey="Downs, Ls" uniqKey="Downs L">LS Downs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Iovino, F" uniqKey="Iovino F">F Iovino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Auriemma, Pp" uniqKey="Auriemma P">PP Auriemma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ferraraccio, F" uniqKey="Ferraraccio F">F Ferraraccio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Antoniol, G" uniqKey="Antoniol G">G Antoniol</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barbarisi, A" uniqKey="Barbarisi A">A Barbarisi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adwani, A" uniqKey="Adwani A">A Adwani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ebbs, Sr" uniqKey="Ebbs S">SR Ebbs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pellegrino, A" uniqKey="Pellegrino A">A Pellegrino</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fruscio, R" uniqKey="Fruscio R">R Fruscio</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maneo, A" uniqKey="Maneo A">A Maneo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corso, S" uniqKey="Corso S">S Corso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Battistello, M" uniqKey="Battistello M">M Battistello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chiappa, V" uniqKey="Chiappa V">V Chiappa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Achouri, A" uniqKey="Achouri A">A Achouri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huchon, C" uniqKey="Huchon C">C Huchon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bats, As" uniqKey="Bats A">AS Bats</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bensaid, C" uniqKey="Bensaid C">C Bensaid</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nos, C" uniqKey="Nos C">C Nos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lecuru, F" uniqKey="Lecuru F">F Lecuru</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsimoyiannis, Ec" uniqKey="Tsimoyiannis E">EC Tsimoyiannis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jabarin, M" uniqKey="Jabarin M">M Jabarin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsimoyiannis, Jc" uniqKey="Tsimoyiannis J">JC Tsimoyiannis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Betzios, Jp" uniqKey="Betzios J">JP Betzios</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tsilikatis, C" uniqKey="Tsilikatis C">C Tsilikatis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Glantzounis, G" uniqKey="Glantzounis G">G Glantzounis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Friedman, Jf" uniqKey="Friedman J">JF Friedman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sunkara, B" uniqKey="Sunkara B">B Sunkara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jehnsen, Js" uniqKey="Jehnsen J">JS Jehnsen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Durham, A" uniqKey="Durham A">A Durham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnson, T" uniqKey="Johnson T">T Johnson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cohen, Ms" uniqKey="Cohen M">MS Cohen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Keskin, O" uniqKey="Keskin O">O Keskin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aksoy, S" uniqKey="Aksoy S">S Aksoy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Babacan, T" uniqKey="Babacan T">T Babacan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarici, F" uniqKey="Sarici F">F Sarici</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kertmen, N" uniqKey="Kertmen N">N Kertmen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Solak, M" uniqKey="Solak M">M Solak</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mundhenk, J" uniqKey="Mundhenk J">J Mundhenk</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hennenlotter, J" uniqKey="Hennenlotter J">J Hennenlotter</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alloussi, S" uniqKey="Alloussi S">S Alloussi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Selbherr, D" uniqKey="Selbherr D">D Selbherr</name></author><author><name sortKey="Martzog, Jc" uniqKey="Martzog J">JC Martzog</name></author><author><name sortKey="Todenhofer, T" uniqKey="Todenhofer T">T Todenhofer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Andeweg, Cs" uniqKey="Andeweg C">CS Andeweg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schriek, Mj" uniqKey="Schriek M">MJ Schriek</name></author><author><name sortKey="Heisterkamp, J" uniqKey="Heisterkamp J">J Heisterkamp</name></author><author><name sortKey="Roukema, Ja" uniqKey="Roukema J">JA Roukema</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Droeser, Ra" uniqKey="Droeser R">RA Droeser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frey, Dm" uniqKey="Frey D">DM Frey</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oertli, D" uniqKey="Oertli D">D Oertli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kopelman, D" uniqKey="Kopelman D">D Kopelman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baas Vrancken Peeters, Mj" uniqKey="Baas Vrancken Peeters M">MJ Baas-Vrancken Peeters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Giuliano, Ae" uniqKey="Giuliano A">AE Giuliano</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matthey Gie, Ml" uniqKey="Matthey Gie M">ML Matthey-Gie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gie, O" uniqKey="Gie O">O Gie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deretti, S" uniqKey="Deretti S">S Deretti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Demartines, N" uniqKey="Demartines N">N Demartines</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matter, M" uniqKey="Matter M">M Matter</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nessim, C" uniqKey="Nessim C">C Nessim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Law, C" uniqKey="Law C">C Law</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcconnell, Y" uniqKey="Mcconnell Y">Y McConnell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shachar, S" uniqKey="Shachar S">S Shachar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mckinnon, G" uniqKey="Mckinnon G">G McKinnon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wright, F" uniqKey="Wright F">F Wright</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guggenheim, Mm" uniqKey="Guggenheim M">MM Guggenheim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hug, U" uniqKey="Hug U">U Hug</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jung, Fj" uniqKey="Jung F">FJ Jung</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rousson, V" uniqKey="Rousson V">V Rousson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aust, Mc" uniqKey="Aust M">MC Aust</name></author><author><name sortKey="Calcagni, M" uniqKey="Calcagni M">M Calcagni</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kuroi, K" uniqKey="Kuroi K">K Kuroi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shimozuma, K" uniqKey="Shimozuma K">K Shimozuma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taguchi, T" uniqKey="Taguchi T">T Taguchi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Imai, H" uniqKey="Imai H">H Imai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yamashiro, H" uniqKey="Yamashiro H">H Yamashiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ohsumi, S" uniqKey="Ohsumi S">S Ohsumi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="He, Q" uniqKey="He Q">Q He</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhuang, D" uniqKey="Zhuang D">D Zhuang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, L" uniqKey="Zheng L">L Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fan, Z" uniqKey="Fan Z">Z Fan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, P" uniqKey="Zhou P">P Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhu, J" uniqKey="Zhu J">J Zhu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sanguinetti, A" uniqKey="Sanguinetti A">A Sanguinetti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Docimo, G" uniqKey="Docimo G">G Docimo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ragusa, M" uniqKey="Ragusa M">M Ragusa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Calzolari, F" uniqKey="Calzolari F">F Calzolari</name></author><author><name sortKey="D Jello, F" uniqKey="D Jello F">F D’Ajello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruggiero, R" uniqKey="Ruggiero R">R Ruggiero</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Currie, A" uniqKey="Currie A">A Currie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chong, K" uniqKey="Chong K">K Chong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Davies, Gl" uniqKey="Davies G">GL Davies</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cummins, Rs" uniqKey="Cummins R">RS Cummins</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yilmaz, Kb" uniqKey="Yilmaz K">KB Yilmaz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dogan, L" uniqKey="Dogan L">L Dogan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nalbant, H" uniqKey="Nalbant H">H Nalbant</name></author><author><name sortKey="Akinci, M" uniqKey="Akinci M">M Akinci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karaman, N" uniqKey="Karaman N">N Karaman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ozaslan, C" uniqKey="Ozaslan C">C Ozaslan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kozomara, D" uniqKey="Kozomara D">D Kozomara</name></author><author><name sortKey="Galic, G" uniqKey="Galic G">G Galic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brekalo, Z" uniqKey="Brekalo Z">Z Brekalo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sutalo, N" uniqKey="Sutalo N">N Sutalo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kvesic, A" uniqKey="Kvesic A">A Kvesic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soljic, M" uniqKey="Soljic M">M Soljic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deo, Sv" uniqKey="Deo S">SV Deo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shukla, Nk" uniqKey="Shukla N">NK Shukla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asthana, S" uniqKey="Asthana S">S Asthana</name></author><author><name sortKey="Niranjan, B" uniqKey="Niranjan B">B Niranjan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Srinivas, G" uniqKey="Srinivas G">G Srinivas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kontos, M" uniqKey="Kontos M">M Kontos</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kothari, A" uniqKey="Kothari A">A Kothari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hamed, H" uniqKey="Hamed H">H Hamed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Galatius, H" uniqKey="Galatius H">H Galatius</name></author><author><name sortKey="Okholm, M" uniqKey="Okholm M">M Okholm</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hoffmann, J" uniqKey="Hoffmann J">J Hoffmann</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMC Surg</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMC Surg</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BMC Surgery</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1471-2482</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28327108</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5360050</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">222</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12893-017-0222-1</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Impact of the Ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after axillary or inguinal lymphadenectomy</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Gié</surname><given-names>Olivier</given-names></name><address><email>olivier.gie@chuv.ch</email><uri>http://www.chirurgieviscerale.ch</uri></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Matthey-Gié</surname><given-names>Marie-Laure</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marques-Vidal</surname><given-names>Pedro-Manuel</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demartines</surname><given-names>Nicolas</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Matter</surname><given-names>Maurice</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 0423 4662</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.8515.9</institution-id><institution>Department of Visceral Surgery,</institution><institution>University Hospital of Lausanne,</institution></institution-wrap>Rue du Bugnon 46, Lausanne, CHUV 1011 Switzerland</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>21</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>21</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><elocation-id>27</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>10</day><month>3</month><year>2017</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2017</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Seroma formation and lymphoedema are frequently encountered complications after radical lymph node dissection (RLND). Attempts to reduce the lymphatic morbidity include the use of Ultrasonic Scalpel. The aim of the present analysis was to assess the impact of the ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after lymph node dissection.</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Patients listed for a RLND or completion lymph node dissection (CLND) were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the impact of two surgical dissection techniques (USS versus control) on the amount of drained lymph. The lymph drained in 24 h was collected. Our primary endpoint was to compare the daily amount of drained lymph between the two groups. Secondary endpoints were the comparison of drained lymph with the BMI of the patients, the gender and the surgical site (axilla, groin).</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Eighty patients were randomly assigned to the USS group or the Control (C) group. No difference was measured in the total amount of lymph drained (USS: 2908 ± 2453 ml vs. C: 3898 ± 5791 ml; <italic>p</italic>-value = 0.382). The result was also similar after adjusting for gender, age, and BMI. A significant higher amount of lymph was measured after inguinal dissection with USS compared to axillary (<italic>p</italic> < 0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>The study suggests that the use of Harmonic scalpel did not influence the amount of lymph drained after RLND and not support the theory that USS induces oversealing of lymphatics.</p></sec><sec><title>Trial registration</title><p>Clinical Trial <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=02476357&pg=1">NCT02476357</ext-link>. Registered 20 of February 2015.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Lymphatics</kwd><kwd>Radical lymph node dissection</kwd><kwd>Surgical morbidity</kwd><kwd>Harmonic scalpel</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2017</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front><body><sec id="Sec1"><title>Background</title><p>Radical lymph node dissection (RLND) plays an essential role in staging and control of locoregional disease in both skin cancers and soft tissue tumours. The indication for RLND in the axilla or in the groin is the discovery of a clinical evident lymph node macrometastasis or a micrometastasis after lymph node biopsy. Important postoperative complication such as lymphocoele, lymphorrhoea and lymphoedema may occur in up to 50% of cases [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR1">1</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. Lymphoedema has been shown to increase postoperative discomfort and can result in limb disability [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR4">4</xref>] or lead to septic complications as cellulitis and lymphangitis [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR5">5</xref>]. Such complications increase the costs of surgery and have a negative effect on the quality of life [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR6">6</xref>]. Attempts to reduce lymphatic morbidity (use of fibrin glue, vacuum dressing or modifications of surgical techniques) have been discussed in the literature without showing significant benefits [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR7">7</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR8">8</xref>].</p><p>The use of the ultrasonic scalpel (USS) has been suggested to have a positive impact on morbidity, in trial data from breast surgery patients [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>]. However, subsequent trials have cast doubt on this effect [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR11">11</xref>]. A recent randomized trial conducted on patients treated for melanoma, skin cancer and sarcoma showed a higher rate of lymphoedema in patients operated with USS [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>]. The author’s hypothesis was that the USS ensures a more efficient sealing compared to diathermy, resulting in a higher rate of lymphostasys in the operated limb. In the same way a randomized trial focused on gastric cancer supports this hypothesis reporting a postoperative reduction of lymphorrhoea when USS was used [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR13">13</xref>].</p><p>The choice of dissecting device is not the sole determinant of the amount of drained lymph after RLND. When compared with axillary dissection, there is some evidence to suggest that radical inguinal node dissection is associated with an higher rate of drained lymph and consequently a higher rate of lymphoedema and lymphorrhoea. [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR14">14</xref>] It is logical to believe that a bigger limb may produce a greater amount of lymph compared to a smaller one, i.e., the lower limb compared to the upper limb. In the same way, studies focusing on breast cancer have suggested a direct correlation between body mass index and lymphatic specific morbidity [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR15">15</xref>]. However, this has not been confirmed in other trials [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR16">16</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR12">12</xref>], and there is much debate regarding the impact of the BMI on lymphatic morbidity. Use of a Redon suction drain to evacuate the amount of lymph lost by unsealed lymph vessels after inguinal and axillary RLND is an effective approach to reduce lymphatic complications [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR17">17</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR18">18</xref>]. The aim of this study is to analyze if the use of the ultrasonic scalpel (USS) can influence the amount of drained lymph after radical lymph node dissection when compared with classical dissection conducted with monopolar scalpel and ligature (control).</p></sec><sec id="Sec2"><title>Methods</title><p>This was a single-centre randomised controlled trial conducted in a tertiary academic institution between March 2009 and November 2013. Patients listed for an inguinal or axillary RLND or completion lymph node dissection (CLND) after positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) for melanoma, skin cancer or sarcoma were invited to participate in a randomised controlled trial. Consenting patients were randomised into two treatment arms, a USS group and a control group. Details of the study design have been published previously [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>]. The study protocol was accepted by the local ethics committee and registered under ClinicalTrials.gov (trial no. <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?term=02476357&pg=1">NCT02476357</ext-link>). Patients older than 18 years and listed for elective lymphadenectomy with capacity to provide informed consent were eligible for inclusion. Patients with insufficient follow up data or undergoing both iliac and inguinal RLND were excluded from the analysis. Patient presenting other causes of lymphoedema were also excluded. In the USS group, the dissection was conducted using an Ultrasonic scalpel (Harmonic Focus®, Ethicon Endo-Surgery (Europe) GmbH). In the control group the operation was performed using an electrocautery and ligature.</p><sec id="Sec3"><title>Follow-up</title><p>Post-operatively, the amount of the drained lymph in 24 h was daily measured by dedicated staff during the hospitalisation. After the discharge the patient recorded on a monitoring sheet the daily amount of lymph present in the drain. The drain was subsequently removed when the lymph flow was less than 50 mL/24 h for 2 days. Some patients had occasional puncture of residual lymphocele thereafter.</p></sec><sec id="Sec4"><title>Endpoints and statistical analysis</title><p>Our primary endpoint was to compare the daily amount of drained lymph between the two groups. Secondary endpoints were the comparison of drained lymph with the BMI of the patients, the gender and the surgical site (axilla, groin).</p><p>Demographic data collected included age, gender, ASA classification, body max index (BMI), primary tumour and the number of lymph nodes harvested.</p><p>Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 14.0 for Windows (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). Results were expressed as average ± standard deviation for continuous data and as number of patients and percentage for categorical data. Between-group comparisons were performed using chi-square for categorical data and Student’s <italic>t</italic>-test for continuous data. Between-group multivariate comparisons were performed using analysis of variance adjusting for gender, age (continuous), body mass index (continuous), procedure and sentinel node biopsy; results were expressed as adjusted mean ± standard error. Multivariable analysis of the amount of drained lymph between the two groups was conducted using a random-intercept, random-slope mixed model taking into account each patient’s individual evolution (i.e., a specific intercept and slope for each patient); results were expressed as coefficient and (95% confidence interval) for each parameter of the fixed model. Time to drain removal was assessed by Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for gender, age, body mass index, procedure and sentinel node biopsy; results were expressed as hazard ratio and (95% confidence interval). Statistical significance was considered for a two-sided test <italic>p</italic>-value <0.05.</p></sec></sec><sec id="Sec5"><title>Results</title><p>Seventy nine patients were randomly assigned to the USS group or the Control (C) group. Of the 80 eligible patients 1 patient randomized in the USS group was excluded due to insufficient data collection at home. The patient characteristics and the surgical details for included patients are summarized in Table <xref rid="Tab1" ref-type="table">1</xref>. There was no significant difference in baseline characteristics between the two groups.<table-wrap id="Tab1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Characteristics of the patients according to type of scalpel</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th></th><th>USS (<italic>n</italic> = 39)</th><th>Control (<italic>n</italic> = 40)</th><th><italic>p</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Women (%)</td><td>16 (41.0)</td><td>16 (40.0)</td><td>0.926</td></tr><tr><td>Age (years)</td><td>59.3 ± 15.2</td><td>61.9 ± 13.1</td><td>0.406</td></tr><tr><td>BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td><td>25.6 ± 4.5</td><td>27.0 ± 5.0</td><td>0.184</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">BMI categories (%)</td></tr><tr><td> -25.0[</td><td>18 (46.2)</td><td>12 (30.0)</td><td rowspan="3">0.315</td></tr><tr><td> [25–30[</td><td>14 (35.9)</td><td>20 (50.0)</td></tr><tr><td> [30+</td><td>7 (18.0)</td><td>8 (20.0)</td></tr><tr><td>Sentinel node biopsy (%)</td><td>14 (35.9)</td><td>14 (35.0)</td><td>0.934</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Procedure (%)</td></tr><tr><td> Axillary</td><td>27 (69.2)</td><td>31 (77.5)</td><td rowspan="2">0.406</td></tr><tr><td> Inguinal</td><td>12 (30.8)</td><td>9 (22.5)</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p><italic>BMI</italic>, body mass index. Results are expressed as number of patients (%) or as average ± standard deviation. Between-group comparisons performed using chi-square test for categorical data and Student’s <italic>t</italic>-test for quantitative data</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p><p>As reported in Table <xref rid="Tab2" ref-type="table">2</xref>, the duration of drainage according to the type of scalpel was the same in the two groups. No differences were also seen in the average amount and in the multivariate adjusted-average amount of drained lymph between USS and control group. Analysis of variance adjusting for gender, age, BMI, procedure and previous sentinel node biopsy (Fig. <xref rid="Fig1" ref-type="fig">1</xref>) confirm these findings. A higher rate of drained lymph was measured after inguinal RLND with USS compared to axillary resection (Table <xref rid="Tab3" ref-type="table">3</xref>).<table-wrap id="Tab2"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Total volume of lymph drained and duration of draining, according to type of scalpel</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th></th><th>Harmonic (<italic>n</italic> = 39)</th><th>Control (<italic>n</italic> = 40)</th><th><italic>p</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="4">Total volume (ml)</td></tr><tr><td> Univariate</td><td>2908 ± 2453</td><td>3898 ± 5791</td><td>0.382</td></tr><tr><td> Multivariate-adjusted</td><td>2864 ± 715</td><td>3941 ± 706</td><td>0.293</td></tr><tr><td colspan="4">Duration of draining (days)</td></tr><tr><td> Univariate</td><td>23 ± 14</td><td>28 ± 15</td><td>0.195</td></tr><tr><td> Multivariate-adjusted</td><td>24 ± 2</td><td>27 ± 2</td><td>0.290</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p>Results are expressed as average ± standard deviation or as multivariate-adjusted average ± standard error. Between-group comparisons performed using analysis of variance adjusting for gender, age (continuous), body mass index (continuous), procedure and sentinel node biopsy</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><fig id="Fig1"><label>Fig. 1</label><caption><p>Time to drain removal according to scalpel. Comparison of control vs. harmonic scalpel using Cox proportional hazards regression adjusting for gender, age (continuous), body mass index (−25.0 [, [25–30 [and [30+), procedure and sentinel node biopsy : hazard ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval (0.51; 1.33), <italic>p</italic> = 0.426</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="12893_2017_222_Fig1_HTML" id="MO1"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="Tab3"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Factors associated with lymph draining</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th></th><th>Harmonic</th><th><italic>p</italic>-value</th><th>Control</th><th><italic>p</italic>-value</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Procedure (inguinal vs. axillary)</td><td>2285 (799; 3770)</td><td><0.001</td><td>2272 (−1930; 6475)</td><td>0.290</td></tr><tr><td>Sentinel node biopsy (no vs. yes)</td><td>388 (−1126; 1903)</td><td>0.620</td><td>24 (−3470; 3517)</td><td>0.990</td></tr><tr><td>Gender (woman vs. man)</td><td>300 (−1165; 1764)</td><td>0.690</td><td>2132 (−1362; 5627)</td><td>0.230</td></tr><tr><td>Age (per year)</td><td>−9 (−56; 37)</td><td>0.700</td><td>34 (−102; 169)</td><td>0.630</td></tr><tr><td>BMI (per kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td><td>122 (−36; 279)</td><td>0.130</td><td>−32 (−405; 342)</td><td>0.870</td></tr><tr><td>Day</td><td>−123 (−144; −103)</td><td><0.001</td><td>−121 (−148; −95)</td><td><0.001</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><p><italic>BMI</italic>, body mass index. Results are expressed as coefficient and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the fixed parameters. Statistical analysis by a mixed model using individual origin and day slope as random effect parameters. Test for interaction between type of scalpel and day: z = 0.06, <italic>p</italic>-value = 0.953</p></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></p></sec><sec id="Sec6"><title>Discussion</title><p>Lymphoedema and seroma formation are common complications following radical lymph node dissection. They lead to prolonged hospital stay, postoperative discomfort and higher costs. Overall techniques to reduce the problem of lymphatic leak after RLND include regular needle drainage of lymphocele or leaving a suction drain into place. Reduction of the quantity and duration of lymphatic complications will benefit quality of life and costs. In order to reduce the amount of drained lymph and the duration of lymph aspiration, some authors have proposed to avoid level III dissection in the axilla [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR20">20</xref>], harvesting a lower number of lymph node with a non negligible risk of nodal recurrence [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR21">21</xref>].</p><p>There is a paucity of data regarding the potential benefit of ultrasonic scalpels in reduction of lymphatic complications. A systematic review published by Kuroi et al. in 2006 suggested that Ultrasonic devices generate lower thermal injuries compared to electrocautery and by consequence have a lower rate of lymphatic complications [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR22">22</xref>]. This hypothesis was based on a case control study conducted on 139 patient undergoing level I and II axillary dissection for breast cancer that showed a significant decrease in drainage output in patients operated with the ultrasonic scalpels [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. Similar results were found in three other prospective studies [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR9">9</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR23">23</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR24">24</xref>]. Iovino et al. reported a benefit for ultrasonic devices for axillary RLND in terms of drained lymph and seroma formation and suggested that ultrasonic scalpels produce an effective sealing of lymphatic vessels, including both those directed to the apex of the axilla and those draining the lymph from the mammary gland, the fascia, and the pectoral muscles to the axillary lymph nodes. These encouraging results were not confirmed by several prospective studies and meta-analysis which compared the amount of drained lymph after mastectomy using ultrasonic devices or electrocautery. Adwani et al., and several subsequent studies report no statistically significant reduction in the drainage volume and rate of seroma development [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR10">10</xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR25">25</xref>–<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR30">30</xref>]. Furthermore, a recent trial [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR19">19</xref>] has shown a higher rate of lymphoedema after lymphatic dissection conducted with ultrasonic scalpels. The higher rate of lymphoedema in the ultrasonic scalpel group was thought to be explained by an oversealing of the lymphatic vessels. Another hypothesis is that USS could influence lymphangiogenesis. Previous evidence from the literature reported a reduction of 20% of lymph volume with USS, compared to the control group [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="CR3">3</xref>]. Based on those results and adopting a 2-sided type I error (α) of 0.05, with a sample size of 80 patients, the calculation yielded a power of 70% for the present analysis.</p></sec><sec id="Sec7"><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conducted in a homogeneous group of patients operated systematically by the same surgeon, this study suggests that the use of Harmonic scalpel did not influence the amount of lymph drained after RLND and not support the theory that USS induces oversealing of lymphatics. A subgroup analysis comparing BMI, age, gender, previous lymph node biopsy and type of scalpel failed to show any significantly difference between the ultrasonic scalpel and the electrocautery.</p></sec></body><back><glossary><title>Abbreviations</title><def-list><def-item><term>CLND</term><def><p>Completion lymph node dissection</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>RLND</term><def><p>Radical lymph node dissection</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>SLNB</term><def><p>Sentinel lymph node biopsy</p></def></def-item><def-item><term>USS</term><def><p>Ultrasonic scalpel</p></def></def-item></def-list></glossary><ack><title>Acknowledgements</title><p>Authors would like to thank the staff of the Department of visceral surgery at the University Hospital of Lausanne for help in procuring clinical information in the follow-up of patients.</p><sec id="FPar1"><title>Funding</title><p>The study was not sponsored by Industry or funding arrangements.</p></sec><sec id="FPar2"><title>Availability of data and materials</title><p>Our database contains sensible data which may provide insight in clinical information about our patients. Therefore, according to organizational restrictions and regulations these data cannot be made publically available. The database will be kept at a research server at Lausanne University Hospital until end of December 2026.</p></sec><sec id="FPar3"><title>Authors’ contributions</title><p>OG, MGML, MM and ND were the main authors of the manuscript. They were involved in the conception, design and coordination of the study as well as in data analysis, interpretation of results and the drafting of the manuscript. MVPM performed the statistical analysis. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.</p></sec><sec id="FPar4"><title>Competing interests</title><p>The authors declare that they have no competing interests.</p></sec><sec id="FPar5"><title>Consent to publication</title><p>Not applicable.</p></sec><sec id="FPar6"><title>Ethics approval and consent to participate</title><p>The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee and an informed consent was obtained from all individual participants.</p></sec><sec id="FPar7"><title>Publisher’s Note</title><p>Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.</p></sec></ack><ref-list id="Bib1"><title>References</title><ref id="CR1"><label>1.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Di Monta</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Caraco</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Crispo</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Marone</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Mozzillo</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Collagen sealant patch to reduce lymphatic drainage after lymph node dissection</article-title><source>World J Surg Oncol</source><year>2012</year><volume>10</volume><fpage>275</fpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1477-7819-10-275</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23253298</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR2"><label>2.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>van Bemmel</surname><given-names>AJ</given-names></name><name><surname>van de Velde</surname><given-names>CJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Schmitz</surname><given-names>RF</given-names></name><name><surname>Liefers</surname><given-names>GJ</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Prevention of seroma formation after axillary dissection in breast cancer: a systematic review</article-title><source>Eur J Surg Oncol</source><year>2011</year><volume>37</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>829</fpage><lpage>35</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ejso.2011.04.012</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21849243</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR3"><label>3.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lumachi</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Basso</surname><given-names>SM</given-names></name><name><surname>Santeufemia</surname><given-names>DA</given-names></name><name><surname>Bonamini</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Chiara</surname><given-names>GB</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Ultrasonic dissection system technology in breast cancer: a case-control study in a large cohort of patients requiring axillary dissection</article-title><source>Breast Cancer Res Treat</source><year>2013</year><volume>142</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>399</fpage><lpage>404</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s10549-013-2746-0</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24186056</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR4"><label>4.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Petrek</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name><name><surname>Pressman</surname><given-names>PI</given-names></name><name><surname>Smith</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Lymphedema: current issues in research and management</article-title><source>CA Cancer J Clin</source><year>2000</year><volume>50</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>292</fpage><lpage>307</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3322/canjclin.50.5.292</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11075239</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR5"><label>5.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Shih</surname><given-names>YC</given-names></name><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Cormier</surname><given-names>JN</given-names></name><name><surname>Giordano</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Ridner</surname><given-names>SH</given-names></name><name><surname>Buchholz</surname><given-names>TA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Incidence, treatment costs, and complications of lymphedema after breast cancer among women of working age: a 2-year follow-up study</article-title><source>J Clin Oncol</source><year>2009</year><volume>27</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>2007</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1200/JCO.2008.18.3517</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19289624</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR6"><label>6.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Beaulac</surname><given-names>SM</given-names></name><name><surname>McNair</surname><given-names>LA</given-names></name><name><surname>Scott</surname><given-names>TE</given-names></name><name><surname>LaMorte</surname><given-names>WW</given-names></name><name><surname>Kavanah</surname><given-names>MT</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Lymphedema and quality of life in survivors of early-stage breast cancer</article-title><source>Arch Surg</source><year>2002</year><volume>137</volume><issue>11</issue><fpage>1253</fpage><lpage>7</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/archsurg.137.11.1253</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12413312</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR7"><label>7.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sajid</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name><name><surname>Hutson</surname><given-names>KH</given-names></name><name><surname>Rapisarda</surname><given-names>IF</given-names></name><name><surname>Bonomi</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Fibrin glue instillation under skin flaps to prevent seroma-related morbidity following breast and axillary surgery</article-title><source>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</source><year>2013</year><volume>5</volume><fpage>Cd009557</fpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR8"><label>8.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Judson</surname><given-names>PL</given-names></name><name><surname>Jonson</surname><given-names>AL</given-names></name><name><surname>Paley</surname><given-names>PJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Bliss</surname><given-names>RL</given-names></name><name><surname>Murray</surname><given-names>KP</given-names></name><name><surname>Downs</surname><given-names>LS</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name></person-group><article-title>A prospective, randomized study analyzing sartorius transposition following inguinal-femoral lymphadenectomy</article-title><source>Gynecol Oncol</source><year>2004</year><volume>95</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ygyno.2004.07.022</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">15385136</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR9"><label>9.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Iovino</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Auriemma</surname><given-names>PP</given-names></name><name><surname>Ferraraccio</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Antoniol</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Barbarisi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Preventing seroma formation after axillary dissection for breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial</article-title><source>Am J Surg</source><year>2012</year><volume>203</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>708</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.amjsurg.2011.06.051</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22153087</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR10"><label>10.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Adwani</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Ebbs</surname><given-names>SR</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Ultracision reduces acute blood loss but not seroma formation after mastectomy and axillary dissection: a pilot study</article-title><source>Int J Clin Pract</source><year>2006</year><volume>60</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>562</fpage><lpage>4</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1742-1241.2006.00689.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16700855</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR11"><label>11.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Pellegrino</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Fruscio</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><name><surname>Maneo</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Corso</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Battistello</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Chiappa</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Harmonic scalpel versus conventional electrosurgery in the treatment of vulvar cancer</article-title><source>Int J Gynaecol Obstet</source><year>2008</year><volume>103</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>185</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ijgo.2008.07.004</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18812244</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR12"><label>12.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Achouri</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Huchon</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Bats</surname><given-names>AS</given-names></name><name><surname>Bensaid</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Nos</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Lecuru</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Complications of lymphadenectomy for gynecologic cancer</article-title><source>Eur J Surg Oncol</source><year>2013</year><volume>39</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>81</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ejso.2012.10.011</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23117018</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR13"><label>13.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Tsimoyiannis</surname><given-names>EC</given-names></name><name><surname>Jabarin</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsimoyiannis</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name><name><surname>Betzios</surname><given-names>JP</given-names></name><name><surname>Tsilikatis</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Glantzounis</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Ultrasonically activated shears in extended lymphadenectomy for gastric cancer</article-title><source>World J Surg</source><year>2002</year><volume>26</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>158</fpage><lpage>61</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00268-001-0199-9</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">11865342</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR14"><label>14.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Friedman</surname><given-names>JF</given-names></name><name><surname>Sunkara</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Jehnsen</surname><given-names>JS</given-names></name><name><surname>Durham</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Johnson</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Cohen</surname><given-names>MS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Risk factors associated with lymphedema after lymph node dissection in melanoma patients</article-title><source>Am J Surg</source><year>2015</year><volume>210</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>1178</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.amjsurg.2015.08.014</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26482511</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR15"><label>15.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Keskin</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Aksoy</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Babacan</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Sarici</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Kertmen</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Solak</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Impact of the obesity on lymph node status in operable breast cancer patients</article-title><source>J BUON</source><year>2013</year><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>824</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24344004</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR16"><label>16.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Mundhenk</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Hennenlotter</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Alloussi</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Selbherr</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Martzog</surname><given-names>JC</given-names></name><name><surname>Todenhofer</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Influence of body mass index, surgical approach and lymphadenectomy on the development of symptomatic lymphoceles after radical prostatectomy</article-title><source>Urol Int</source><year>2013</year><volume>90</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>270</fpage><lpage>6</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000347043</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23548783</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR17"><label>17.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Andeweg</surname><given-names>CS</given-names></name><name><surname>Schriek</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Heisterkamp</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Roukema</surname><given-names>JA</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Seroma formation in two cohorts after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer surgery: does timing of drain removal matter?</article-title><source>Breast J</source><year>2011</year><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>359</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1524-4741.2011.01099.x</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21679270</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR18"><label>18.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Droeser</surname><given-names>RA</given-names></name><name><surname>Frey</surname><given-names>DM</given-names></name><name><surname>Oertli</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Kopelman</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Baas-Vrancken Peeters</surname><given-names>MJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Giuliano</surname><given-names>AE</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Volume-controlled vs no/short-term drainage after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer surgery: a meta-analysis</article-title><source>Breast</source><year>2009</year><volume>18</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>109</fpage><lpage>14</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.breast.2009.02.003</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">19289285</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR19"><label>19.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Matthey-Gie</surname><given-names>ML</given-names></name><name><surname>Gie</surname><given-names>O</given-names></name><name><surname>Deretti</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Demartines</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Matter</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Prospective Randomized Study to Compare Lymphocele and Lymphorrhea Control Following Inguinal and Axillary Therapeutic Lymph Node Dissection With or Without the Use of an Ultrasonic Scalpel</article-title><source>Ann Surg Oncol</source><year>2016</year><volume>23</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>1716</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1245/s10434-015-5025-y</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">26714939</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR20"><label>20.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Nessim</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>Law</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><name><surname>McConnell</surname><given-names>Y</given-names></name><name><surname>Shachar</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>McKinnon</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Wright</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>How often do level III nodes bear melanoma metastases and does it affect patient outcomes?</article-title><source>Ann Surg Oncol</source><year>2013</year><volume>20</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>2056</fpage><lpage>64</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1245/s10434-013-2880-2</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23370671</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR21"><label>21.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Guggenheim</surname><given-names>MM</given-names></name><name><surname>Hug</surname><given-names>U</given-names></name><name><surname>Jung</surname><given-names>FJ</given-names></name><name><surname>Rousson</surname><given-names>V</given-names></name><name><surname>Aust</surname><given-names>MC</given-names></name><name><surname>Calcagni</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Morbidity and recurrence after completion lymph node dissection following sentinel lymph node biopsy in cutaneous malignant melanoma</article-title><source>Ann Surg</source><year>2008</year><volume>247</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>687</fpage><lpage>93</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/SLA.0b013e318161312a</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18362633</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR22"><label>22.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kuroi</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Shimozuma</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Taguchi</surname><given-names>T</given-names></name><name><surname>Imai</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Yamashiro</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Ohsumi</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Evidence-based risk factors for seroma formation in breast surgery</article-title><source>Jpn J Clin Oncol</source><year>2006</year><volume>36</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>197</fpage><lpage>206</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/jjco/hyl019</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">16684859</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR23"><label>23.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>Q</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhuang</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Zheng</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Fan</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Zhu</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Harmonic focus versus electrocautery in axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer: a randomized clinical study</article-title><source>Clin Breast Cancer</source><year>2012</year><volume>12</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>454</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.clbc.2012.07.014</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">23040644</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR24"><label>24.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sanguinetti</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Docimo</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Ragusa</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Calzolari</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>D’Ajello</surname><given-names>F</given-names></name><name><surname>Ruggiero</surname><given-names>R</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Ultrasound scissors versus electrocautery in axillary dissection: our experience</article-title><source>G Chir</source><year>2010</year><volume>31</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>151</fpage><lpage>3</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20444331</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR25"><label>25.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Currie</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Chong</surname><given-names>K</given-names></name><name><surname>Davies</surname><given-names>GL</given-names></name><name><surname>Cummins</surname><given-names>RS</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Ultrasonic dissection versus electrocautery in mastectomy for breast cancer - a meta-analysis</article-title><source>Eur J Surg Oncol</source><year>2012</year><volume>38</volume><issue>10</issue><fpage>897</fpage><lpage>901</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.ejso.2012.05.006</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">22704049</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR26"><label>26.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Yilmaz</surname><given-names>KB</given-names></name><name><surname>Dogan</surname><given-names>L</given-names></name><name><surname>Nalbant</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Akinci</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Karaman</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Ozaslan</surname><given-names>C</given-names></name><etal></etal></person-group><article-title>Comparing scalpel, electrocautery and ultrasonic dissector effects: the impact on wound complications and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in wound fluid from mastectomy patients</article-title><source>J Breast Cancer</source><year>2011</year><volume>14</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>58</fpage><lpage>63</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4048/jbc.2011.14.1.58</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">21847396</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR27"><label>27.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kozomara</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Galic</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name><name><surname>Brekalo</surname><given-names>Z</given-names></name><name><surname>Sutalo</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Kvesic</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Soljic</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A randomised two-way comparison of mastectomy performed using harmonic scalpel or monopolar diathermy</article-title><source>Coll Antropol</source><year>2010</year><volume>34</volume><issue>Suppl 1</issue><fpage>105</fpage><lpage>12</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">20402305</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR28"><label>28.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Deo</surname><given-names>SV</given-names></name><name><surname>Shukla</surname><given-names>NK</given-names></name><name><surname>Asthana</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Niranjan</surname><given-names>B</given-names></name><name><surname>Srinivas</surname><given-names>G</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>A comparative study of modified radical mastectomy using harmonic scalpel and electrocautery</article-title><source>Singapore Med J</source><year>2002</year><volume>43</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>226</fpage><lpage>8</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">12188072</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR29"><label>29.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Kontos</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Kothari</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Hamed</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Effect of harmonic scalpel on seroma formation following surgery for breast cancer: a prospective randomized study</article-title><source>J BUON</source><year>2008</year><volume>13</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>223</fpage><lpage>30</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">18555469</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="CR30"><label>30.</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Galatius</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Okholm</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Hoffmann</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Mastectomy using ultrasonic dissection: effect on seroma formation</article-title><source>Breast</source><year>2003</year><volume>12</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>338</fpage><lpage>41</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0960-9776(03)00110-3</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">14659149</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Pmc/Corpus
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000C89 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd -nk 000C89 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= LymphedemaV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Corpus
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5360050
|texte= Impact of the Ultrasonic scalpel on the amount of drained lymph after axillary or inguinal lymphadenectomy
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:28327108" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Corpus/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |