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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Differences in the Frequency of Cytokine-Producing Cells in Antigenemic and Nonantigenemic Individuals with Bancroftian Filariasis</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Almeida, Adriana B" sort="De Almeida, Adriana B" uniqKey="De Almeida A" first="Adriana B." last="De Almeida">Adriana B. De Almeida</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="E Silva, Maria Carmelita Maia" sort="E Silva, Maria Carmelita Maia" uniqKey="E Silva M" first="Maria Carmelita Maia" last="E Silva">Maria Carmelita Maia E Silva</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braga, Cynthia" sort="Braga, Cynthia" uniqKey="Braga C" first="Cynthia" last="Braga">Cynthia Braga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freedman, David O" sort="Freedman, David O" uniqKey="Freedman D" first="David O." last="Freedman">David O. Freedman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">9529056</idno>
<idno type="pmc">108063</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC108063</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:108063</idno>
<date when="1998">1998</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B50</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B50</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Differences in the Frequency of Cytokine-Producing Cells in Antigenemic and Nonantigenemic Individuals with Bancroftian Filariasis</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Almeida, Adriana B" sort="De Almeida, Adriana B" uniqKey="De Almeida A" first="Adriana B." last="De Almeida">Adriana B. De Almeida</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="E Silva, Maria Carmelita Maia" sort="E Silva, Maria Carmelita Maia" uniqKey="E Silva M" first="Maria Carmelita Maia" last="E Silva">Maria Carmelita Maia E Silva</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braga, Cynthia" sort="Braga, Cynthia" uniqKey="Braga C" first="Cynthia" last="Braga">Cynthia Braga</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Freedman, David O" sort="Freedman, David O" uniqKey="Freedman D" first="David O." last="Freedman">David O. Freedman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"></nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Infection and Immunity</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0019-9567</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5522</idno>
<imprint><date when="1998">1998</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Individuals with clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis may be currently infected or not. Twenty-five individuals from a <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
-endemic area of Brazil were classified as being asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals, antigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis, or nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis. Intracellular cytokine staining of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed that the frequency of either gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- or interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing cells was higher in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis than in the asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals (geometric means, 22.1 versus 10.7% [<italic>P</italic>
= 0.02] and 2.9 versus 1.4% [<italic>P</italic>
= 0.01], respectively). When the asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals and antigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis were grouped together to constitute all actively infected individuals, the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells was also lower than in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.04). Likewise, the frequency of IL-4-producing cells in the actively infected individuals was also lower than in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.02). No differences in the frequency of IFN-γ-, IL-4-, or IL-5-producing cells in purified CD4 T lymphocytes were found among the groups. These findings suggest that the presence of antigenemia, which is an indicator of current active infection, is closely associated with the frequency of IFN-γ- and IL-4-producing cells in lymphatic filariasis. The differences found in the frequency of cytokine-producing cells among the three groups appear to be due to a subset of cells other than CD4 T cells.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Infect Immun</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">INFECT IMMUN</journal-id>
<journal-title>Infection and Immunity</journal-title>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0019-9567</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1098-5522</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>American Society for Microbiology</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">9529056</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">108063</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">0832</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Fungal and Parasitic Infections</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Differences in the Frequency of Cytokine-Producing Cells in Antigenemic and Nonantigenemic Individuals with Bancroftian Filariasis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>de Almeida</surname>
<given-names>Adriana B.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN150">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>e Silva</surname>
<given-names>Maria Carmelita Maia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0">2</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="FN151">†</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Braga</surname>
<given-names>Cynthia</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Freedman</surname>
<given-names>David O.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0">1</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="N0x8c7ea78.0x9db10f0"> Division of Geographic Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama,<sup>1</sup>
and Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães, Recife, Brazil<sup>2</sup>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn id="FN150"><label>*</label>
<p>Corresponding author. Mailing address: Division of Geographic Medicine, UAB Station, BBRB 544 Box 7, Birmingham, AL 35294-2170. Phone: (205) 975-7605. Fax: (205) 933-5671. E-mail: <email>dflab@geomed.dom.uab.edu</email>
.</p>
</fn>
<fn id="FN151"><label>†</label>
<p>Present address: 6 Kenworthy Garth, Holt Park, Leeds, LS16 7QU, United Kingdom.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>Editor: S. H. E. Kaufmann</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month>
<year>1998</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>66</volume>
<issue>4</issue>
<fpage>1377</fpage>
<lpage>1383</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>1</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>1997</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-request"><day>2</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>1997</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>8</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>1998</year>
</date>
</history>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 1998, American Society for Microbiology</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>1998</copyright-year>
<abstract><p>Individuals with clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis may be currently infected or not. Twenty-five individuals from a <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
-endemic area of Brazil were classified as being asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals, antigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis, or nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis. Intracellular cytokine staining of mitogen-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed that the frequency of either gamma interferon (IFN-γ)- or interleukin-4 (IL-4)-producing cells was higher in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis than in the asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals (geometric means, 22.1 versus 10.7% [<italic>P</italic>
= 0.02] and 2.9 versus 1.4% [<italic>P</italic>
= 0.01], respectively). When the asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals and antigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis were grouped together to constitute all actively infected individuals, the frequency of IFN-γ-producing cells was also lower than in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.04). Likewise, the frequency of IL-4-producing cells in the actively infected individuals was also lower than in the nonantigenemic individuals with clinical filariasis (<italic>P</italic>
= 0.02). No differences in the frequency of IFN-γ-, IL-4-, or IL-5-producing cells in purified CD4 T lymphocytes were found among the groups. These findings suggest that the presence of antigenemia, which is an indicator of current active infection, is closely associated with the frequency of IFN-γ- and IL-4-producing cells in lymphatic filariasis. The differences found in the frequency of cytokine-producing cells among the three groups appear to be due to a subset of cells other than CD4 T cells.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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