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<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Investigating Respondents and Nonrespondents of a Postal Breast Cancer Questionnaire Survey Regarding Differences in Age, Medical Conditions, and Therapy</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Frobeen, Anna L" sort="Frobeen, Anna L" uniqKey="Frobeen A" first="Anna L." last="Frobeen">Anna L. Frobeen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1"> IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science at the Faculty of Human Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kowalski, Christoph" sort="Kowalski, Christoph" uniqKey="Kowalski C" first="Christoph" last="Kowalski">Christoph Kowalski</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1"> IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science at the Faculty of Human Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Verena" sort="Wei, Verena" uniqKey="Wei V" first="Verena" last="Wei">Verena Wei</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2"> IMSIE - Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pfaff, Holger" sort="Pfaff, Holger" uniqKey="Pfaff H" first="Holger" last="Pfaff">Holger Pfaff</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1"> IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science at the Faculty of Human Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">27239177</idno>
<idno type="pmc">4881251</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4881251</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:4881251</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1159/000446015</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000647</idno>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Investigating Respondents and Nonrespondents of a Postal Breast Cancer Questionnaire Survey Regarding Differences in Age, Medical Conditions, and Therapy</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Frobeen, Anna L" sort="Frobeen, Anna L" uniqKey="Frobeen A" first="Anna L." last="Frobeen">Anna L. Frobeen</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1"> IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science at the Faculty of Human Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kowalski, Christoph" sort="Kowalski, Christoph" uniqKey="Kowalski C" first="Christoph" last="Kowalski">Christoph Kowalski</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1"> IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science at the Faculty of Human Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wei, Verena" sort="Wei, Verena" uniqKey="Wei V" first="Verena" last="Wei">Verena Wei</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff2"> IMSIE - Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pfaff, Holger" sort="Pfaff, Holger" uniqKey="Pfaff H" first="Holger" last="Pfaff">Holger Pfaff</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="aff1"> IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science at the Faculty of Human Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Breast Care</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1661-3791</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1661-3805</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<title>Summary</title>
<sec>
<title>Background</title>
<p>Collecting patient-reported data via postal questionnaires is a common and frequently used technique. Selection bias may occur through lost data from nonrespondents. This study investigated differences in characteristics between respondents and nonrespondents of a postal breast cancer survey.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Patients and Methods</title>
<p>The investigation was based on a cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey for the mandatory annual routine (re-)certification of accredited breast centers in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2010. Out of 4,444 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who gave their consent to participate, 3,856 respondents sent back a questionnaire and 588 nonrespondents did not. Using logistic regression, differences between respondents and nonrespondents regarding information gathered through hospital staff concerning age, affected breast, UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) staging and grading, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery were assessed.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Very young and very old patients sent back their questionnaire significantly less frequently, as did patients who showed a later cancer stage and poorer general health and those who underwent mastectomy.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Differences exist between respondents and nonrespondents with regard to age, disease, and therapy characteristics that need to be considered for the interpretation and generalizability of survey results due to selection bias.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article">
<pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Breast Care (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Breast Care (Basel)</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BRC</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Breast Care</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1661-3791</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1661-3805</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>S. Karger Verlag für Medizin und Naturwissenschaften GmbH</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>Wilhelmstrasse 20A, P.O. Box · Postfach · Case postale, D–79095, Freiburg, Germany · Deutschland · Allemagne, Phone: +49 761 45 20 70, Fax: +49 761 4 52 07 14, information@karger.de</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27239177</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4881251</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000446015</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">brc-0011-0139</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Original Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Investigating Respondents and Nonrespondents of a Postal Breast Cancer Questionnaire Survey Regarding Differences in Age, Medical Conditions, and Therapy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Frobeen</surname>
<given-names>Anna L.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">a</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Kowalski</surname>
<given-names>Christoph</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Weiß</surname>
<given-names>Verena</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">b</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname>Pfaff</surname>
<given-names>Holger</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">a</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1">
<sup>a</sup>
IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services Research and Rehabilitation Science at the Faculty of Human Sciences and the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</aff>
<aff id="aff2">
<sup>b</sup>
IMSIE - Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology of the University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1">*Anna Lia Frobeen, IMVR - Institute of Medical Sociology, Health Services and Rehabilitation Science, University of Cologne, Eupener Str. 129, 50933 Köln, Germany,
<email>Annalia@gmx.de</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub">
<month>4</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>27</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release">
<day>1</day>
<month>4</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 12 months and 0 days and was based on the . </pmc-comment>
<volume>11</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>139</fpage>
<lpage>143</lpage>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 by S. Karger Verlag für Medizin und Naturwissenschaften GmbH, Freiburg</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
</permissions>
<abstract>
<title>Summary</title>
<sec>
<title>Background</title>
<p>Collecting patient-reported data via postal questionnaires is a common and frequently used technique. Selection bias may occur through lost data from nonrespondents. This study investigated differences in characteristics between respondents and nonrespondents of a postal breast cancer survey.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Patients and Methods</title>
<p>The investigation was based on a cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey for the mandatory annual routine (re-)certification of accredited breast centers in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2010. Out of 4,444 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who gave their consent to participate, 3,856 respondents sent back a questionnaire and 588 nonrespondents did not. Using logistic regression, differences between respondents and nonrespondents regarding information gathered through hospital staff concerning age, affected breast, UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) staging and grading, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery were assessed.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Results</title>
<p>Very young and very old patients sent back their questionnaire significantly less frequently, as did patients who showed a later cancer stage and poorer general health and those who underwent mastectomy.</p>
</sec>
<sec>
<title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Differences exist between respondents and nonrespondents with regard to age, disease, and therapy characteristics that need to be considered for the interpretation and generalizability of survey results due to selection bias.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>Questionnaire survey</kwd>
<kwd>Nonrespondent</kwd>
<kwd>Bias</kwd>
<kwd>Breast cancer</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts>
<table-count count="2"></table-count>
<ref-count count="41"></ref-count>
<page-count count="5"></page-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>

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