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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Vulval elephantiasis</title><author><name sortKey="Palanisamy, Arun Prasath" sort="Palanisamy, Arun Prasath" uniqKey="Palanisamy A" first="Arun Prasath" last="Palanisamy">Arun Prasath Palanisamy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanakaram, Kamalakannan Kutuwa" sort="Kanakaram, Kamalakannan Kutuwa" uniqKey="Kanakaram K" first="Kamalakannan Kutuwa" last="Kanakaram">Kamalakannan Kutuwa Kanakaram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vadivel, Sivasubramanian" sort="Vadivel, Sivasubramanian" uniqKey="Vadivel S" first="Sivasubramanian" last="Vadivel">Sivasubramanian Vadivel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kothandapany, Srivenkateswaran" sort="Kothandapany, Srivenkateswaran" uniqKey="Kothandapany S" first="Srivenkateswaran" last="Kothandapany">Srivenkateswaran Kothandapany</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26500880</idno><idno type="pmc">4594409</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4594409</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4594409</idno><idno type="doi">10.4103/2229-5178.164470</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000235</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000235</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Vulval elephantiasis</title><author><name sortKey="Palanisamy, Arun Prasath" sort="Palanisamy, Arun Prasath" uniqKey="Palanisamy A" first="Arun Prasath" last="Palanisamy">Arun Prasath Palanisamy</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kanakaram, Kamalakannan Kutuwa" sort="Kanakaram, Kamalakannan Kutuwa" uniqKey="Kanakaram K" first="Kamalakannan Kutuwa" last="Kanakaram">Kamalakannan Kutuwa Kanakaram</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Vadivel, Sivasubramanian" sort="Vadivel, Sivasubramanian" uniqKey="Vadivel S" first="Sivasubramanian" last="Vadivel">Sivasubramanian Vadivel</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kothandapany, Srivenkateswaran" sort="Kothandapany, Srivenkateswaran" uniqKey="Kothandapany S" first="Srivenkateswaran" last="Kothandapany">Srivenkateswaran Kothandapany</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Indian Dermatology Online Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">2229-5178</idno><idno type="eISSN">2249-5673</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khanna, Nn" uniqKey="Khanna N">NN Khanna</name></author><author><name sortKey="Joshi, Gk" uniqKey="Joshi G">GK Joshi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sethi, A" uniqKey="Sethi A">A Sethi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sethi, D" uniqKey="Sethi D">D Sethi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lanka, P" uniqKey="Lanka P">P Lanka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lanka, Lr" uniqKey="Lanka L">LR Lanka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sylvester, N" uniqKey="Sylvester N">N Sylvester</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lakshmi, Md" uniqKey="Lakshmi M">MD Lakshmi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ethirajan, N" uniqKey="Ethirajan N">N Ethirajan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="other"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Indian Dermatol Online J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Indian Dermatol Online J</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IDOJ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Indian Dermatology Online Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2229-5178</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2249-5673</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd</publisher-name><publisher-loc>India</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26500880</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4594409</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IDOJ-6-371</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4103/2229-5178.164470</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Through the Lens</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Vulval elephantiasis</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Palanisamy</surname><given-names>Arun Prasath</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kanakaram</surname><given-names>Kamalakannan Kutuwa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vadivel</surname><given-names>Sivasubramanian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kothandapany</surname><given-names>Srivenkateswaran</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry, India</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><bold>Address for correspondence:</bold> Dr. Arun Prasath Palanisamy, Department of Dermatology and STD, Vinayaka Mission's Medical College and Hospital, Karaikal - 609 609, U.T of Puducherry, India. E-mail: <email xlink:href="drmuhil_irt@yahoo.co.in">drmuhil_irt@yahoo.co.in</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><season>Sep-Oct</season><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>371</fpage><lpage>371</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2015 Indian Dermatology Online Journal</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 License, which allows others to remix, tweak, and build upon the work non-commercially, as long as the author is credited and the new creations are licensed under the identical terms.</license-p></license></permissions></article-meta></front><body><p>A 45-year-old woman presented with swelling in the genital region since seven years. On examination, she was found to have elephantiasis involving her left leg, not associated with any symptoms. She gave a history of treatment for filariasis in the past. Genital examination revealed a pendulous swelling arising from the left labia mimicking a scrotum with buried penis [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F1">Figure 1</xref>]. The right side was not involved [<xref ref-type="fig" rid="F2">Figure 2</xref>]. Genital elephantiasis due to filariasis is very rare accounting for only 1–2& of filarial cases.[<xref rid="ref1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]</p><fig id="F1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Huge pendulous swelling involving the left labia</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IDOJ-6-371-g001"></graphic></fig><fig id="F2" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Right side is not involved</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="IDOJ-6-371-g002"></graphic></fig><p>The term “elephantiasis” was first described by Celsius and was originally used to describe an elephant like appearance of the legs. Later the term was used to describe similar enlargement of arm, chest, breast, penis, scrotum, and vulva.[<xref rid="ref2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>] Genital elephantiasis is characterized by enlargement of genitals due to lymphatic obstruction resulting from a multitude of causes. Common causes include lymphogranuloma venereum, donovanosis, tuberculosis, and filariasis. Radical hysterectomy, pelvic lymphadenectomy, irradiation, tumour invasion, direct trauma are less common causes. Metastatic Crohn's disease rarely presents as genital lymphoedema.[<xref rid="ref3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>]</p><p>Filariasis in most cases results from infection with <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> (98%) and the remaining due to <italic>Brugia malayi</italic> (2%). Elephantiasis is a chronic manifestation of filarial infection, secondary to lymphatic involvement. The death of adult worms provokes acute inflammation and lymphatic dysfunction leading to permanent obstruction of lymphatic channels, lymph stasis and stimulation of fibroblasts resulting in lymphedema and elephantiasis. Filarial elephantiasis mostly involves lower extremities, and vulval elephantiasis is a very rare presentation.</p></body><back><fn-group><fn fn-type="supported-by"><p><bold>Source of Support:</bold> Nil</p></fn><fn fn-type="conflict"><p><bold>Conflict of Interest:</bold> None declared.</p></fn></fn-group><ref-list><title>REFERENCES</title><ref id="ref1"><label>1</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Khanna</surname><given-names>NN</given-names></name><name><surname>Joshi</surname><given-names>GK</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Elephantiasis of female genitalia. Case report</article-title><source>Plast Reconstr Surg</source><year>1971</year><volume>48</volume><fpage>379</fpage><lpage>81</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">5097745</pub-id></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><label>2</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Sethi</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Sethi</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Huge vulval elephantiasis of unknown aetiology</article-title><source>J Evol Med Dent Sci</source><year>2014</year><volume>13</volume><fpage>3324</fpage><lpage>9</lpage></element-citation></ref><ref id="ref3"><label>3</label><element-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Lanka</surname><given-names>P</given-names></name><name><surname>Lanka</surname><given-names>LR</given-names></name><name><surname>Sylvester</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Lakshmi</surname><given-names>MD</given-names></name><name><surname>Ethirajan</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name></person-group><article-title>Metastatic Crohn's disease</article-title><source>Indian Dermatol Online J</source><year>2014</year><volume>5</volume><fpage>41</fpage><lpage>3</lpage><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">24616854</pub-id></element-citation></ref></ref-list></back></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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