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Risk Factors of Lymphedema in a Prospective Breast Cancer Survivorship Study: The Pathways Study

Identifieur interne : 003242 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 003241; suivant : 003243

Risk Factors of Lymphedema in a Prospective Breast Cancer Survivorship Study: The Pathways Study

Auteurs : Marilyn L. Kwan [États-Unis] ; Jeanne Darbinian [États-Unis] ; Kathryn H. Schmitz [États-Unis] ; Rebecca Citron [États-Unis] ; Paula Partee [États-Unis] ; Susan E. Kutner [États-Unis] ; Lawrence H. Kushi [États-Unis]

Source :

RBID : PMC:2997775

Abstract

Objective

To determine the incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) during the early survivorship period, and demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with BCRL development.

Design

The Pathways Study, a prospective cohort study of breast cancer survivors with a mean follow-up of 20.9 months.

Setting

Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Medical Care Program.

Participants

997 women diagnosed from January 2006 to October 2007 with primary invasive breast cancer and at least 21 years of age at diagnosis, had no prior history of any cancer, and spoke English, Spanish, or Chinese.

Main Outcome Measures

Clinical indication of BCRL as determined from outpatient or hospitalization diagnostic codes, outpatient procedural codes, and durable medical equipment orders.

Results

133 women (13.3%) had a clinical indication of BCRL, with a mean time to diagnosis of 8.3 months (range: 0.7–27.3). Being African American (HR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.00–3.72) or more educated (p trend = 0.03) was associated with an increased risk of BCRL. Removal of at least one lymph node (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) was associated with increased risk, yet no significant association was observed for type of lymph node surgery. Being obese at breast cancer diagnosis was suggestive of an elevated risk (HR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.88–2.31).

Conclusions

In a large cohort study, BCRL occurs among a substantial proportion of early breast cancer survivors. Our findings agree with previous studies on the increased risk of BCRL with removal of lymph nodes and being obese, yet point to differential risk by race/ethnicity.


Url:
DOI: 10.1001/archsurg.2010.231
PubMed: 21079093
PubMed Central: 2997775


Affiliations:


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<title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">To determine the incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) during the early survivorship period, and demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with BCRL development.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Design</title>
<p id="P2">The Pathways Study, a prospective cohort study of breast cancer survivors with a mean follow-up of 20.9 months.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Setting</title>
<p id="P3">Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Medical Care Program.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Participants</title>
<p id="P4">997 women diagnosed from January 2006 to October 2007 with primary invasive breast cancer and at least 21 years of age at diagnosis, had no prior history of any cancer, and spoke English, Spanish, or Chinese.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5">
<title>Main Outcome Measures</title>
<p id="P5">Clinical indication of BCRL as determined from outpatient or hospitalization diagnostic codes, outpatient procedural codes, and durable medical equipment orders.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S6">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P6">133 women (13.3%) had a clinical indication of BCRL, with a mean time to diagnosis of 8.3 months (range: 0.7–27.3). Being African American (HR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.00–3.72) or more educated (p trend = 0.03) was associated with an increased risk of BCRL. Removal of at least one lymph node (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) was associated with increased risk, yet no significant association was observed for type of lymph node surgery. Being obese at breast cancer diagnosis was suggestive of an elevated risk (HR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.88–2.31).</p>
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<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P7">In a large cohort study, BCRL occurs among a substantial proportion of early breast cancer survivors. Our findings agree with previous studies on the increased risk of BCRL with removal of lymph nodes and being obese, yet point to differential risk by race/ethnicity.</p>
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<given-names>Marilyn L.</given-names>
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<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
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<name>
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<given-names>Paula</given-names>
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<degrees>BA</degrees>
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<name>
<surname>Kutner</surname>
<given-names>Susan E.</given-names>
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<degrees>MD</degrees>
<xref rid="A3" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
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<name>
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<given-names>Lawrence H.</given-names>
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<xref rid="A1" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
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Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Oakland, CA</aff>
<aff id="A2">
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Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</aff>
<aff id="A3">
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San Jose Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Northern California, San Jose, CA</aff>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="FN1">Corresponding Author: Marilyn L. Kwan, PhD, 2000 Broadway, First Floor, Oakland, CA 94612, 510-891-3521 (phone), 510-891-3106 (fax),
<email>Marilyn.L.Kwan@kp.org</email>
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<year>2011</year>
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<volume>145</volume>
<issue>11</issue>
<fpage>1055</fpage>
<lpage>1063</lpage>
<abstract>
<sec id="S1">
<title>Objective</title>
<p id="P1">To determine the incidence of breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) during the early survivorship period, and demographic, lifestyle, and clinical factors associated with BCRL development.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S2">
<title>Design</title>
<p id="P2">The Pathways Study, a prospective cohort study of breast cancer survivors with a mean follow-up of 20.9 months.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S3">
<title>Setting</title>
<p id="P3">Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Medical Care Program.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S4">
<title>Participants</title>
<p id="P4">997 women diagnosed from January 2006 to October 2007 with primary invasive breast cancer and at least 21 years of age at diagnosis, had no prior history of any cancer, and spoke English, Spanish, or Chinese.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S5">
<title>Main Outcome Measures</title>
<p id="P5">Clinical indication of BCRL as determined from outpatient or hospitalization diagnostic codes, outpatient procedural codes, and durable medical equipment orders.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S6">
<title>Results</title>
<p id="P6">133 women (13.3%) had a clinical indication of BCRL, with a mean time to diagnosis of 8.3 months (range: 0.7–27.3). Being African American (HR = 1.93; 95% CI: 1.00–3.72) or more educated (p trend = 0.03) was associated with an increased risk of BCRL. Removal of at least one lymph node (HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.02–1.07) was associated with increased risk, yet no significant association was observed for type of lymph node surgery. Being obese at breast cancer diagnosis was suggestive of an elevated risk (HR = 1.43; 95% CI: 0.88–2.31).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="S7">
<title>Conclusions</title>
<p id="P7">In a large cohort study, BCRL occurs among a substantial proportion of early breast cancer survivors. Our findings agree with previous studies on the increased risk of BCRL with removal of lymph nodes and being obese, yet point to differential risk by race/ethnicity.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
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<contract-num rid="CA1">R01 CA105274-06 ||CA</contract-num>
<contract-sponsor id="CA1">National Cancer Institute : NCI</contract-sponsor>
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<name sortKey="Darbinian, Jeanne" sort="Darbinian, Jeanne" uniqKey="Darbinian J" first="Jeanne" last="Darbinian">Jeanne Darbinian</name>
<name sortKey="Kushi, Lawrence H" sort="Kushi, Lawrence H" uniqKey="Kushi L" first="Lawrence H." last="Kushi">Lawrence H. Kushi</name>
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