Macrofilaricidal Activity in Wuchereria bancrofti after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline
Identifieur interne : 002E73 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002E72; suivant : 002E74Macrofilaricidal Activity in Wuchereria bancrofti after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline
Auteurs : Alexander Yaw Debrah ; Sabine Mand [Allemagne] ; Yeboah Marfo-Debrekyei [Ghana] ; Linda Batsa [Ghana] ; Anna Albers [Allemagne] ; Sabine Specht [Allemagne] ; Ute Klarmann [Allemagne] ; Kenneth Pfarr [Allemagne] ; Ohene Adjei [Ghana] ; Achim Hoerauf [Allemagne]Source :
- Journal of Parasitology Research [ 2090-0023 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Infection with the filarial nematode
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2011/201617
PubMed: 21687646
PubMed Central: 3112504
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3112504Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Macrofilaricidal Activity in <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</title>
<author><name sortKey="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" sort="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alexander Yaw" last="Debrah">Alexander Yaw Debrah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, Sabine" sort="Mand, Sabine" uniqKey="Mand S" first="Sabine" last="Mand">Sabine Mand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" sort="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y" first="Yeboah" last="Marfo-Debrekyei">Yeboah Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albers, Anna" sort="Albers, Anna" uniqKey="Albers A" first="Anna" last="Albers">Anna Albers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klarmann, Ute" sort="Klarmann, Ute" uniqKey="Klarmann U" first="Ute" last="Klarmann">Ute Klarmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfarr, Kenneth" sort="Pfarr, Kenneth" uniqKey="Pfarr K" first="Kenneth" last="Pfarr">Kenneth Pfarr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adjei, Ohene" sort="Adjei, Ohene" uniqKey="Adjei O" first="Ohene" last="Adjei">Ohene Adjei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21687646</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3112504</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3112504</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3112504</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1155/2011/201617</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">004111</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">004111</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">004110</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">004110</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002E73</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002E73</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Macrofilaricidal Activity in <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</title>
<author><name sortKey="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" sort="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alexander Yaw" last="Debrah">Alexander Yaw Debrah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, Sabine" sort="Mand, Sabine" uniqKey="Mand S" first="Sabine" last="Mand">Sabine Mand</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" sort="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y" first="Yeboah" last="Marfo-Debrekyei">Yeboah Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albers, Anna" sort="Albers, Anna" uniqKey="Albers A" first="Anna" last="Albers">Anna Albers</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klarmann, Ute" sort="Klarmann, Ute" uniqKey="Klarmann U" first="Ute" last="Klarmann">Ute Klarmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfarr, Kenneth" sort="Pfarr, Kenneth" uniqKey="Pfarr K" first="Kenneth" last="Pfarr">Kenneth Pfarr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adjei, Ohene" sort="Adjei, Ohene" uniqKey="Adjei O" first="Ohene" last="Adjei">Ohene Adjei</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of Parasitology Research</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2090-0023</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2090-0031</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Infection with the filarial nematode <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
can lead to lymphedema, hydrocele, and elephantiasis. Since adult worms cause pathology in lymphatic filariasis (LF), it is imperative to discover macrofilaricidal drugs for the treatment of the infection. Endosymbiotic <italic>Wolbachia</italic>
in filariae have emerged as a new target for antibiotics which can lead to macrofilaricidal effects. In Ghana, a pilot study was carried out with 39 LF-infected men; 12 were treated with 200 mg doxycycline/day for 4 weeks, 16 were treated with a combination of 200 mg doxycycline/day + 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin for 2 weeks, and 11 patients received placebo. Patients were monitored for <italic>Wolbachia</italic>
and microfilaria loads, antigenaemia, and filarial dance sign (FDS). Both 4-week doxycycline and the 2-week combination treatment reduced <italic>Wolbachia</italic>
load significantly. At 18 months posttreatment, four-week doxycycline resulted in 100% adult worm loss, and the 2-week combination treatment resulted in a 50% adult worm loss. In conclusion, this pilot study with a combination of 2-week doxycycline and rifampicin demonstrates moderate macrofilaricidal activity against <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>
.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Awadzi, K" uniqKey="Awadzi K">K Awadzi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Attah, Sk" uniqKey="Attah S">SK Attah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addy, Et" uniqKey="Addy E">ET Addy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Opoku, No" uniqKey="Opoku N">NO Opoku</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quartey, Bt" uniqKey="Quartey B">BT Quartey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duke, Bol" uniqKey="Duke B">BOL Duke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, M" uniqKey="Karam M">M Karam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Behbehani, K" uniqKey="Behbehani K">K Behbehani</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nor Es, J" uniqKey="Nor Es J">J Norões</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dreyer, G" uniqKey="Dreyer G">G Dreyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, A" uniqKey="Santos A">A Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendes, Vg" uniqKey="Mendes V">VG Mendes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Medeiros, Z" uniqKey="Medeiros Z">Z Medeiros</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Critchley, J" uniqKey="Critchley J">J Critchley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gamble, C" uniqKey="Gamble C">C Gamble</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garner, P" uniqKey="Garner P">P Garner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gelband, H" uniqKey="Gelband H">H Gelband</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ejere, H" uniqKey="Ejere H">H Ejere</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gyapong, Jo" uniqKey="Gyapong J">JO Gyapong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kumaraswami, V" uniqKey="Kumaraswami V">V Kumaraswami</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Biswas, G" uniqKey="Biswas G">G Biswas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dreyer, G" uniqKey="Dreyer G">G Dreyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williamson, J" uniqKey="Williamson J">J Williamson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nor Es, J" uniqKey="Nor Es J">J Norões</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Volkmann, L" uniqKey="Volkmann L">L Volkmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamelmann, C" uniqKey="Hamelmann C">C Hamelmann</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adjei, O" uniqKey="Adjei O">O Adjei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fleischer, B" uniqKey="Fleischer B">B Fleischer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buttner, Dw" uniqKey="Buttner D">DW Büttner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Specht, S" uniqKey="Specht S">S Specht</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Y" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y">Y Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Ay" uniqKey="Debrah A">AY Debrah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Y" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y">Y Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Larbi, J" uniqKey="Larbi J">J Larbi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adjei, O" uniqKey="Adjei O">O Adjei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Mj" uniqKey="Taylor M">MJ Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Makunde, Wh" uniqKey="Makunde W">WH Makunde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcgarry, Hf" uniqKey="Mcgarry H">HF McGarry</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, Jd" uniqKey="Turner J">JD Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Ay" uniqKey="Debrah A">AY Debrah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Specht, S" uniqKey="Specht S">S Specht</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Ay" uniqKey="Debrah A">AY Debrah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Y" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y">Y Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Ay" uniqKey="Debrah A">AY Debrah</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Y" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y">Y Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Turner, Jd" uniqKey="Turner J">JD Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Debrah, Ay" uniqKey="Debrah A">AY Debrah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfarr, K" uniqKey="Pfarr K">K Pfarr</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sahoo, Pk" uniqKey="Sahoo P">PK Sahoo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Townson, S" uniqKey="Townson S">S Townson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hutton, D" uniqKey="Hutton D">D Hutton</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Siemienska, J" uniqKey="Siemienska J">J Siemienska</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rao, R" uniqKey="Rao R">R Rao</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weil, Gj" uniqKey="Weil G">GJ Weil</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Volkmann, L" uniqKey="Volkmann L">L Volkmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, K" uniqKey="Fischer K">K Fischer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, M" uniqKey="Taylor M">M Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Specht, S" uniqKey="Specht S">S Specht</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Y" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y">Y Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, K" uniqKey="Fischer K">K Fischer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Y" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y">Y Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dittrich, M" uniqKey="Dittrich M">M Dittrich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischer, K" uniqKey="Fischer K">K Fischer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adjei, O" uniqKey="Adjei O">O Adjei</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dreyer, G" uniqKey="Dreyer G">G Dreyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brandao, Ac" uniqKey="Brandao A">AC Brandão</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amaral, F" uniqKey="Amaral F">F Amaral</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Medeiros, Z" uniqKey="Medeiros Z">Z Medeiros</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mand, S" uniqKey="Mand S">S Mand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buttner, Dw" uniqKey="Buttner D">DW Büttner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kshirsagar, Na" uniqKey="Kshirsagar N">NA Kshirsagar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gogtay, Nj" uniqKey="Gogtay N">NJ Gogtay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garg, Bs" uniqKey="Garg B">BS Garg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nor Es, J" uniqKey="Nor Es J">J Norões</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dreyer, G" uniqKey="Dreyer G">G Dreyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santos, A" uniqKey="Santos A">A Santos</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mendes, Vg" uniqKey="Mendes V">VG Mendes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Medeiros, Z" uniqKey="Medeiros Z">Z Medeiros</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duke, Bol" uniqKey="Duke B">BOL Duke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karam, M" uniqKey="Karam M">M Karam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Behbehani, K" uniqKey="Behbehani K">K Behbehani</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hussein, O" uniqKey="Hussein O">O Hussein</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="El Setouhy, M" uniqKey="El Setouhy M">M El Setouhy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ahmed, Es" uniqKey="Ahmed E">ES Ahmed</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dreyer, G" uniqKey="Dreyer G">G Dreyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Williamson, J" uniqKey="Williamson J">J Williamson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nor Es, J" uniqKey="Nor Es J">J Norões</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, Mj" uniqKey="Taylor M">MJ Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, A" uniqKey="Hoerauf A">A Hoerauf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Parasitol Res</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Parasitol Res</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPR</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Parasitology Research</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2090-0023</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2090-0031</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21687646</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3112504</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2011/201617</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Macrofilaricidal Activity in <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Debrah</surname>
<given-names>Alexander Yaw</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1, 2</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mand</surname>
<given-names>Sabine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marfo-Debrekyei</surname>
<given-names>Yeboah</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Batsa</surname>
<given-names>Linda</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albers</surname>
<given-names>Anna</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Specht</surname>
<given-names>Sabine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klarmann</surname>
<given-names>Ute</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pfarr</surname>
<given-names>Kenneth</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adjei</surname>
<given-names>Ohene</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoerauf</surname>
<given-names>Achim</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>
Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>
Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>
e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</aff>
<aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>
School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Achim Hoerauf: <email>hoerauf@microbiology-bonn.de</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: C. Genchi</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2011</volume>
<elocation-id>201617</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2010</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2011</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 Alexander Yaw Debrah et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2011</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Infection with the filarial nematode <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
can lead to lymphedema, hydrocele, and elephantiasis. Since adult worms cause pathology in lymphatic filariasis (LF), it is imperative to discover macrofilaricidal drugs for the treatment of the infection. Endosymbiotic <italic>Wolbachia</italic>
in filariae have emerged as a new target for antibiotics which can lead to macrofilaricidal effects. In Ghana, a pilot study was carried out with 39 LF-infected men; 12 were treated with 200 mg doxycycline/day for 4 weeks, 16 were treated with a combination of 200 mg doxycycline/day + 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin for 2 weeks, and 11 patients received placebo. Patients were monitored for <italic>Wolbachia</italic>
and microfilaria loads, antigenaemia, and filarial dance sign (FDS). Both 4-week doxycycline and the 2-week combination treatment reduced <italic>Wolbachia</italic>
load significantly. At 18 months posttreatment, four-week doxycycline resulted in 100% adult worm loss, and the 2-week combination treatment resulted in a 50% adult worm loss. In conclusion, this pilot study with a combination of 2-week doxycycline and rifampicin demonstrates moderate macrofilaricidal activity against <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>
.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Recruitment and treatment profile of the pilot study.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="JPR2011-201617.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Variables of the patients who completed the treatment.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 months</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 months</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 months</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th>
<th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 months</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Doxycycline 4 weeks</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MF-positive individuals/all (%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9/12 (75%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/8 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/8 (0%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/5 (0%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6/6 (100%)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/6 (50%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic>
<sup>§</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= 1.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .007</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .044</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .262</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>§</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .515</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .001</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .008</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microfilaraemia</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">523 (154–1013)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">307 (12–1068)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">523 (227–1006)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1100 (372–2010)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">667 (193–838)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (0–49)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .388</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .012</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .043</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .028</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .378</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .954</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .008</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .039</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .25</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .007</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .072</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .001</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .007</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .018</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wolbachia</italic>
load/Mf</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">167 (71–238)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (4–24)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .002</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .626</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .326</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .31</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .003</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antigenaemia</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median <break></break>
(25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14500 <break></break>
(9421–19162)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20574 <break></break>
(18369–29241)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16459 <break></break>
(10141–17843)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22854 <break></break>
(11341–17784)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11341 <break></break>
(9108–16776)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17625 <break></break>
(9711–118594)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13840 <break></break>
(9901–18283)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28065 <break></break>
(15442–49163)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .158</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .237</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .173</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .075</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .71</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .828</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .362</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= 1.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .512</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .57</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .302</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= 1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FDS-positive individuals/all (%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/10 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/10 (20%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/5 (0%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/4 (25%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic>
<sup>§</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .429</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .09</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .101</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .569</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>§</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .317</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .007</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .008</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .143</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of FDS</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–3.25)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0–0.25)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0 (0.5–5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.25–1.75)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .006</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .068</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .564</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .796</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .081</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .065</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .555</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .824</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .003</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .006</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .178</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Rifampicin plus Doxycycline 2 weeks</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MF-positive individuals/all (%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/12 (83%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13/13 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/13 (62%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/12 (58%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13/13 (100%)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11/13 (85%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>$</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= 1.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .249</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .245</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= 1.0</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microfilaraemia</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">392 (122–460)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">394 (39–703)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">413 (109–465)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (0–133)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">392 (183–468)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (0–64)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">371 (130–465)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (1–290)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .695</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .003</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .002</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .004</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
< .001</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .058</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .015</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .019</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .031</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wolbachia</italic>
load/Mf</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121 (95–200)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (7–52)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .034</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .537</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .015</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antigenaemia</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median<break></break>
(25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15379 <break></break>
(10154–21680)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23193 <break></break>
(19514–29162)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15942 <break></break>
(10356–21680)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19928 <break></break>
(17305–22719)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13063 <break></break>
(10186–21852)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19480 <break></break>
(6432–28276)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17095 <break></break>
(10247–22273)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41933<break></break>
(18834–51020)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .046</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .196</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .508</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .015</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .084</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .606</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .034</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .091</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .808</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FDS-positive individuals/all (%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13/13 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/13 (62%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/10 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/10 (50%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/12 (58%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>§</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .056</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .249</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .221</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .245</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of FDS</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–1.5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0–1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–2)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 (0–1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–2)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0–2)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .034</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .011</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .014</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic>
<sup>#</sup>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .936</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .019</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .103</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .162</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Placebo matching Doxycycline 4 weeks</bold>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MF-positive individuals/all (%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microfilaraemia</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2380 (1230–3680)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2585 (412–3738)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2810 (1970–3820)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">283 (105–358)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1595 (513–4008)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">451 (82–1910)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1790 (503–4115)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">605 <break></break>
(164–1194)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time </italic>
points*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .686</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .043</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .273</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .273</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wolbachia</italic>
load/Mf</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133 (85–164)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">358 (100–879)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>0.138</italic>
</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antigenaemia</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median<break></break>
(25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12616 <break></break>
(10398–97319)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21861 <break></break>
(18614–26987)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12616 <break></break>
(10345–58134)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27747 <break></break>
(26039–34228)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97319</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28653</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48995 <break></break>
(10318–98789)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30902 <break></break>
(7541–76947)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .866</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .285</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .465</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FDS-positive individuals/all (%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/5 (60%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/4 (50%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/4 (75%)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of FDS</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 (0–4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 (1–4.5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 (0–2.5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–1.75)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 (0.25–2.75)</td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 (1–2.75)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>
*</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .083</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .785</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td>
<td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic>
= .564</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>§</sup>
Fisher's exact-test.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p>*Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test.</p>
</fn>
<fn><p><sup>#</sup>
Mann-Whitney-U-test.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Ghana</li>
</country>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" sort="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alexander Yaw" last="Debrah">Alexander Yaw Debrah</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mand, Sabine" sort="Mand, Sabine" uniqKey="Mand S" first="Sabine" last="Mand">Sabine Mand</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Albers, Anna" sort="Albers, Anna" uniqKey="Albers A" first="Anna" last="Albers">Anna Albers</name>
<name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name>
<name sortKey="Klarmann, Ute" sort="Klarmann, Ute" uniqKey="Klarmann U" first="Ute" last="Klarmann">Ute Klarmann</name>
<name sortKey="Pfarr, Kenneth" sort="Pfarr, Kenneth" uniqKey="Pfarr K" first="Kenneth" last="Pfarr">Kenneth Pfarr</name>
<name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name>
</country>
<country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" sort="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y" first="Yeboah" last="Marfo-Debrekyei">Yeboah Marfo-Debrekyei</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Adjei, Ohene" sort="Adjei, Ohene" uniqKey="Adjei O" first="Ohene" last="Adjei">Ohene Adjei</name>
<name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002E73 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 002E73 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Sante |area= LymphedemaV1 |flux= Pmc |étape= Checkpoint |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3112504 |texte= Macrofilaricidal Activity in Wuchereria bancrofti after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:21687646" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. | ![]() |