Macrofilaricidal Activity in Wuchereria bancrofti after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline
Identifieur interne : 002E73 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002E72; suivant : 002E74Macrofilaricidal Activity in Wuchereria bancrofti after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline
Auteurs : Alexander Yaw Debrah ; Sabine Mand [Allemagne] ; Yeboah Marfo-Debrekyei [Ghana] ; Linda Batsa [Ghana] ; Anna Albers [Allemagne] ; Sabine Specht [Allemagne] ; Ute Klarmann [Allemagne] ; Kenneth Pfarr [Allemagne] ; Ohene Adjei [Ghana] ; Achim Hoerauf [Allemagne]Source :
- Journal of Parasitology Research [ 2090-0023 ] ; 2011.
Abstract
Infection with the filarial nematode
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2011/201617
PubMed: 21687646
PubMed Central: 3112504
Affiliations:
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Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">21687646</idno><idno type="pmc">3112504</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3112504</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3112504</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2011/201617</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">004111</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">004111</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">004110</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">004110</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002E73</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002E73</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Macrofilaricidal Activity in <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</title><author><name sortKey="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" sort="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alexander Yaw" last="Debrah">Alexander Yaw Debrah</name><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff>NONE</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mand, Sabine" sort="Mand, Sabine" uniqKey="Mand S" first="Sabine" last="Mand">Sabine Mand</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" sort="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y" first="Yeboah" last="Marfo-Debrekyei">Yeboah Marfo-Debrekyei</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Albers, Anna" sort="Albers, Anna" uniqKey="Albers A" first="Anna" last="Albers">Anna Albers</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Klarmann, Ute" sort="Klarmann, Ute" uniqKey="Klarmann U" first="Ute" last="Klarmann">Ute Klarmann</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pfarr, Kenneth" sort="Pfarr, Kenneth" uniqKey="Pfarr K" first="Kenneth" last="Pfarr">Kenneth Pfarr</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Adjei, Ohene" sort="Adjei, Ohene" uniqKey="Adjei O" first="Ohene" last="Adjei">Ohene Adjei</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kumasi</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>e 25, D-53105 Bonn</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>D-53105 Bonn</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Journal of Parasitology Research</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-0023</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-0031</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Infection with the filarial nematode <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> can lead to lymphedema, hydrocele, and elephantiasis. Since adult worms cause pathology in lymphatic filariasis (LF), it is imperative to discover macrofilaricidal drugs for the treatment of the infection. Endosymbiotic <italic>Wolbachia</italic> in filariae have emerged as a new target for antibiotics which can lead to macrofilaricidal effects. In Ghana, a pilot study was carried out with 39 LF-infected men; 12 were treated with 200 mg doxycycline/day for 4 weeks, 16 were treated with a combination of 200 mg doxycycline/day + 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin for 2 weeks, and 11 patients received placebo. Patients were monitored for <italic>Wolbachia</italic> and microfilaria loads, antigenaemia, and filarial dance sign (FDS). Both 4-week doxycycline and the 2-week combination treatment reduced <italic>Wolbachia</italic> load significantly. At 18 months posttreatment, four-week doxycycline resulted in 100% adult worm loss, and the 2-week combination treatment resulted in a 50% adult worm loss. In conclusion, this pilot study with a combination of 2-week doxycycline and rifampicin demonstrates moderate macrofilaricidal activity against <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Awadzi, K" uniqKey="Awadzi K">K Awadzi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Attah, Sk" uniqKey="Attah S">SK Attah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Addy, Et" uniqKey="Addy E">ET Addy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Opoku, No" uniqKey="Opoku N">NO Opoku</name></author><author><name sortKey="Quartey, Bt" uniqKey="Quartey B">BT Quartey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duke, Bol" uniqKey="Duke B">BOL Duke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karam, M" uniqKey="Karam M">M 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Parasitol Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Parasitol Res</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JPR</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Parasitology Research</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-0023</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-0031</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">21687646</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3112504</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2011/201617</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Macrofilaricidal Activity in <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> after 2 Weeks Treatment with a Combination of Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Debrah</surname><given-names>Alexander Yaw</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1, 2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mand</surname><given-names>Sabine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Marfo-Debrekyei</surname><given-names>Yeboah</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Batsa</surname><given-names>Linda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Albers</surname><given-names>Anna</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Specht</surname><given-names>Sabine</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Klarmann</surname><given-names>Ute</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pfarr</surname><given-names>Kenneth</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Adjei</surname><given-names>Ohene</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hoerauf</surname><given-names>Achim</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine (KCCR), Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Clinic Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Stra<italic>β</italic>e 25, D-53105 Bonn, Germany</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>School of Medical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, UPO, PMB, Kumasi, Ghana</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Achim Hoerauf: <email>hoerauf@microbiology-bonn.de</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: C. Genchi</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2011</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>22</day><month>5</month><year>2011</year></pub-date><volume>2011</volume><elocation-id>201617</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day><month>12</month><year>2010</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>2</day><month>3</month><year>2011</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2011 Alexander Yaw Debrah et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2011</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Infection with the filarial nematode <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> can lead to lymphedema, hydrocele, and elephantiasis. Since adult worms cause pathology in lymphatic filariasis (LF), it is imperative to discover macrofilaricidal drugs for the treatment of the infection. Endosymbiotic <italic>Wolbachia</italic> in filariae have emerged as a new target for antibiotics which can lead to macrofilaricidal effects. In Ghana, a pilot study was carried out with 39 LF-infected men; 12 were treated with 200 mg doxycycline/day for 4 weeks, 16 were treated with a combination of 200 mg doxycycline/day + 10 mg/kg/day rifampicin for 2 weeks, and 11 patients received placebo. Patients were monitored for <italic>Wolbachia</italic> and microfilaria loads, antigenaemia, and filarial dance sign (FDS). Both 4-week doxycycline and the 2-week combination treatment reduced <italic>Wolbachia</italic> load significantly. At 18 months posttreatment, four-week doxycycline resulted in 100% adult worm loss, and the 2-week combination treatment resulted in a 50% adult worm loss. In conclusion, this pilot study with a combination of 2-week doxycycline and rifampicin demonstrates moderate macrofilaricidal activity against <italic>W. bancrofti</italic>.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Recruitment and treatment profile of the pilot study.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="JPR2011-201617.001"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Variables of the patients who completed the treatment.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 months</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 months</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 months</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pretreatment</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 months</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Doxycycline 4 weeks</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MF-positive individuals/all (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9/12 (75%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/8 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/8 (0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/5 (0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6/6 (100%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/6 (50%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic><sup>§</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = 1.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .044</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .262</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>§</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .515</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .2</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microfilaraemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">523 (154–1013)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">307 (12–1068)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">523 (227–1006)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1100 (372–2010)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">667 (193–838)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12 (0–49)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .388</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .012</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .043</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .028</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .378</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .954</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .039</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .25</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .072</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .018</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wolbachia</italic> load/Mf</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">167 (71–238)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (4–24)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .626</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .326</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .003</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antigenaemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median <break></break>(25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14500 <break></break> (9421–19162)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20574 <break></break> (18369–29241)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16459 <break></break> (10141–17843)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22854 <break></break> (11341–17784)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11341 <break></break> (9108–16776)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17625 <break></break> (9711–118594)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13840 <break></break> (9901–18283)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28065 <break></break> (15442–49163)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .158</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .237</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .173</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .075</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .828</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .362</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = 1.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .512</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .302</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = 1.0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FDS-positive individuals/all (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/10 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/10 (20%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0/5 (0%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1/4 (25%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic><sup>§</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .429</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .101</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .569</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>§</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .317</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .008</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .143</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of FDS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–3.25)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0 (0–0.25)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.0 (0.5–5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0.25–1.75)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .068</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .564</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Rifampicin plus Doxycycline</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .796</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .081</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .065</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .555</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .824</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .003</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .006</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .178</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Rifampicin plus Doxycycline 2 weeks</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MF-positive individuals/all (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/12 (83%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13/13 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/13 (62%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/12 (58%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13/13 (100%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11/13 (85%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>$</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = 1.0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .249</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .245</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = 1.0</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microfilaraemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">392 (122–460)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">394 (39–703)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">413 (109–465)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26 (0–133)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">392 (183–468)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (0–64)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">371 (130–465)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 (1–290)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .695</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .003</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .002</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .004</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> < .001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .058</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .015</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .019</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .031</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wolbachia</italic> load/Mf</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">121 (95–200)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (7–52)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .034</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .537</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .015</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antigenaemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median<break></break>(25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15379 <break></break> (10154–21680)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23193 <break></break> (19514–29162)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15942 <break></break> (10356–21680)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19928 <break></break> (17305–22719)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13063 <break></break> (10186–21852)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19480 <break></break> (6432–28276)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17095 <break></break> (10247–22273)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41933<break></break> (18834–51020)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .046</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .196</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .508</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .015</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .084</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .606</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .034</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .091</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .808</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FDS-positive individuals/all (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13/13 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8/13 (62%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10/10 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/10 (50%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12/12 (100%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7/12 (58%)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>§</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .056</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .249</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .221</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .245</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of FDS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–1.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0–1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–2)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 (0–1)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–2)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (0–2)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .034</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .011</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .014</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison to Placebo</italic><sup>#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .936</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .019</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .103</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .162</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Placebo matching Doxycycline 4 weeks</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MF-positive individuals/all (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Microfilaraemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2380 (1230–3680)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2585 (412–3738)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2810 (1970–3820)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">283 (105–358)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1595 (513–4008)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">451 (82–1910)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1790 (503–4115)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">605 <break></break> (164–1194)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time </italic>points*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .686</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .043</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .273</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .273</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Wolbachia</italic> load/Mf</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133 (85–164)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">358 (100–879)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>0.138</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Antigenaemia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median<break></break>(25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12616 <break></break> (10398–97319)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21861 <break></break> (18614–26987)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12616 <break></break> (10345–58134)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27747 <break></break> (26039–34228)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">97319</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28653</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48995 <break></break> (10318–98789)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30902 <break></break> (7541–76947)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .866</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .285</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .465</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FDS-positive individuals/all (%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/5 (60%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5/5 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2/4 (50%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3/4 (75%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4/4 (100%)</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="9" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No. of FDS</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Median (25th–75th percentile)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 (0–4)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.0 (1–4.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.5 (0–2.5)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.0 (1–1.75)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 (0.25–2.75)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5 (1–2.75)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Comparison between time points</italic>*</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .083</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .785</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>P</italic> = .564</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><sup>§</sup>Fisher's exact-test.</p></fn><fn><p>*Wilcoxon-signed-rank-test.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>#</sup>Mann-Whitney-U-test.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Ghana</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" sort="Debrah, Alexander Yaw" uniqKey="Debrah A" first="Alexander Yaw" last="Debrah">Alexander Yaw Debrah</name></noCountry><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Mand, Sabine" sort="Mand, Sabine" uniqKey="Mand S" first="Sabine" last="Mand">Sabine Mand</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Albers, Anna" sort="Albers, Anna" uniqKey="Albers A" first="Anna" last="Albers">Anna Albers</name><name sortKey="Hoerauf, Achim" sort="Hoerauf, Achim" uniqKey="Hoerauf A" first="Achim" last="Hoerauf">Achim Hoerauf</name><name sortKey="Klarmann, Ute" sort="Klarmann, Ute" uniqKey="Klarmann U" first="Ute" last="Klarmann">Ute Klarmann</name><name sortKey="Pfarr, Kenneth" sort="Pfarr, Kenneth" uniqKey="Pfarr K" first="Kenneth" last="Pfarr">Kenneth Pfarr</name><name sortKey="Specht, Sabine" sort="Specht, Sabine" uniqKey="Specht S" first="Sabine" last="Specht">Sabine Specht</name></country><country name="Ghana"><noRegion><name sortKey="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" sort="Marfo Debrekyei, Yeboah" uniqKey="Marfo Debrekyei Y" first="Yeboah" last="Marfo-Debrekyei">Yeboah Marfo-Debrekyei</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Adjei, Ohene" sort="Adjei, Ohene" uniqKey="Adjei O" first="Ohene" last="Adjei">Ohene Adjei</name><name sortKey="Batsa, Linda" sort="Batsa, Linda" uniqKey="Batsa L" first="Linda" last="Batsa">Linda Batsa</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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