Serveur d'exploration sur le lymphœdème

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of Anopheles-transmitted filariasis

Identifieur interne : 002A48 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002A47; suivant : 002A49

Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of Anopheles-transmitted filariasis

Auteurs : Dziedzom K. De Souza [Ghana] ; Benjamin Koudou [Royaume-Uni] ; Louise A. Kelly-Hope [Royaume-Uni] ; Michael D. Wilson [Ghana] ; Moses J. Bockarie [Royaume-Uni] ; Daniel A. Boakye [Ghana]

Source :

RBID : PMC:3533928

Abstract

Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is targeted for elimination by the Global Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). The strategy adopted is based on the density dependent phenomenon of Facilitation, which hypothesizes that in an area where the vector species transmitting Wuchereria bancrofti are Anopheles mosquitoes, it is feasible to eliminate LF using Mass Drug Administration (MDA) because of the inability of Anopheles species to transmit low-density microfilaraemia. Even though earlier studies have shown Anopheles species can exhibit the process of Facilitation in West Africa, observations point towards the process of Limitation in certain areas, in which case vector control is recommended. Studies on Anopheles species in West Africa have also shown genetic differentiation, cryptic taxa and speciation, insecticide resistance and the existence of molecular and chromosomal forms, all of which could influence the vectorial capacity of the mosquitoes and ultimately the elimination goal. This paper outlines the uniqueness of LF vectors in West Africa and the challenges it poses to the 2020 elimination goal, based on the current MDA strategies.


Url:
DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-5-259
PubMed: 23151383
PubMed Central: 3533928


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

PMC:3533928

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
-transmitted filariasis</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K" last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin" sort="Koudou, Benjamin" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin" last="Koudou">Benjamin Koudou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly Hope, Louise A" sort="Kelly Hope, Louise A" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L" first="Louise A" last="Kelly-Hope">Louise A. Kelly-Hope</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, Michael D" sort="Wilson, Michael D" uniqKey="Wilson M" first="Michael D" last="Wilson">Michael D. Wilson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J" last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A" last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23151383</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3533928</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3533928</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3533928</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1186/1756-3305-5-259</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">004729</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">004729</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">004728</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">004728</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">002A48</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">002A48</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
-transmitted filariasis</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K" last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin" sort="Koudou, Benjamin" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin" last="Koudou">Benjamin Koudou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly Hope, Louise A" sort="Kelly Hope, Louise A" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L" first="Louise A" last="Kelly-Hope">Louise A. Kelly-Hope</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, Michael D" sort="Wilson, Michael D" uniqKey="Wilson M" first="Michael D" last="Wilson">Michael D. Wilson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J" last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="I2">Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A" last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4">
<nlm:aff id="I1">Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Ghana</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université du Ghana</orgName>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Accra</settlement>
<settlement type="town">Legon (Ghana)</settlement>
<region type="region">Région du Grand Accra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is targeted for elimination by the Global Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). The strategy adopted is based on the density dependent phenomenon of Facilitation, which hypothesizes that in an area where the vector species transmitting
<italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
are
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
mosquitoes, it is feasible to eliminate LF using Mass Drug Administration (MDA) because of the inability of
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
species to transmit low-density microfilaraemia. Even though earlier studies have shown
<italic>Anopheles species</italic>
can exhibit the process of Facilitation in West Africa, observations point towards the process of Limitation in certain areas, in which case vector control is recommended. Studies on
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
species in West Africa have also shown genetic differentiation, cryptic taxa and speciation, insecticide resistance and the existence of molecular and chromosomal forms, all of which could influence the vectorial capacity of the mosquitoes and ultimately the elimination goal. This paper outlines the uniqueness of LF vectors in West Africa and the challenges it poses to the 2020 elimination goal, based on the current MDA strategies.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Appawu, Ma" uniqKey="Appawu M">MA Appawu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dadzie, Sk" uniqKey="Dadzie S">SK Dadzie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilmot Baffoe, A" uniqKey="Wilmot Baffoe A">A Wilmot-Baffoe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, Md" uniqKey="Wilson M">MD Wilson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Subramanian, S" uniqKey="Subramanian S">S Subramanian</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Krishnamoorthy, K" uniqKey="Krishnamoorthy K">K Krishnamoorthy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ramaiah, Kd" uniqKey="Ramaiah K">KD Ramaiah</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Habbema, Jdf" uniqKey="Habbema J">JDF Habbema</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Das, Pk" uniqKey="Das P">PK Das</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Plaisier, Ap" uniqKey="Plaisier A">AP Plaisier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Agi, Pi" uniqKey="Agi P">PI Agi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ebenezer, A" uniqKey="Ebenezer A">A Ebenezer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anosike, Jc" uniqKey="Anosike J">JC Anosike</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nwoke, Be" uniqKey="Nwoke B">BE Nwoke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ajayi, Eg" uniqKey="Ajayi E">EG Ajayi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Onwuliri, Co" uniqKey="Onwuliri C">CO Onwuliri</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Okoro, Ou" uniqKey="Okoro O">OU Okoro</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oku, Ee" uniqKey="Oku E">EE Oku</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Asor, Je" uniqKey="Asor J">JE Asor</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Amajuoyi, Ou" uniqKey="Amajuoyi O">OU Amajuoyi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ikpeama, Ca" uniqKey="Ikpeama C">CA Ikpeama</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ogbusu, Fi" uniqKey="Ogbusu F">FI Ogbusu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyapong, J" uniqKey="Gyapong J">J Gyapong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyapong, M" uniqKey="Gyapong M">M Gyapong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yellu, M" uniqKey="Yellu M">M Yellu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anakwah, K" uniqKey="Anakwah K">K Anakwah</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Amofah, G" uniqKey="Amofah G">G Amofah</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adjei, S" uniqKey="Adjei S">S Adjei</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pedersen, E" uniqKey="Pedersen E">E Pedersen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="White, G" uniqKey="White G">G White</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Michael, E" uniqKey="Michael E">E Michael</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Addiss, D" uniqKey="Addiss D">D Addiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, M" uniqKey="Bockarie M">M Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Molyneux, D" uniqKey="Molyneux D">D Molyneux</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyapong, Jo" uniqKey="Gyapong J">JO Gyapong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kumaraswami, V" uniqKey="Kumaraswami V">V Kumaraswami</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Biswas, G" uniqKey="Biswas G">G Biswas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brengues, J" uniqKey="Brengues J">J Brengues</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bain, O" uniqKey="Bain O">O Bain</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pichon, G" uniqKey="Pichon G">G Pichon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pichon, G" uniqKey="Pichon G">G Pichon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Perault, G" uniqKey="Perault G">G Perault</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Laigret, J" uniqKey="Laigret J">J Laigret</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Southgate, Ba" uniqKey="Southgate B">BA Southgate</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bryan, Jh" uniqKey="Bryan J">JH Bryan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Webber, Rh" uniqKey="Webber R">RH Webber</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duerr, Hp" uniqKey="Duerr H">HP Duerr</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dietz, K" uniqKey="Dietz K">K Dietz</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eichner, M" uniqKey="Eichner M">M Eichner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dietz, K" uniqKey="Dietz K">K Dietz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ughasi, J" uniqKey="Ughasi J">J Ughasi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bekhard, H" uniqKey="Bekhard H">H Bekhard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coulibaly, M" uniqKey="Coulibaly M">M Coulibaly</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Adabie Gomez, D" uniqKey="Adabie Gomez D">D Adabie-Gomez</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyapong, J" uniqKey="Gyapong J">J Gyapong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Appawu, M" uniqKey="Appawu M">M Appawu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, M" uniqKey="Wilson M">M Wilson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boakye, D" uniqKey="Boakye D">D Boakye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcgreevy, Pb" uniqKey="Mcgreevy P">PB McGreevy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bryan, Jh" uniqKey="Bryan J">JH Bryan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oothuman, P" uniqKey="Oothuman P">P Oothuman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kolstrup, N" uniqKey="Kolstrup N">N Kolstrup</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alexander, Nde" uniqKey="Alexander N">NDE Alexander</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hyun, P" uniqKey="Hyun P">P Hyun</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dimber, Z" uniqKey="Dimber Z">Z Dimber</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, F" uniqKey="Bockarie F">F Bockarie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alpers, Mp" uniqKey="Alpers M">MP Alpers</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kazura, Jw" uniqKey="Kazura J">JW Kazura</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boakye, D" uniqKey="Boakye D">D Boakye</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, M" uniqKey="Wilson M">M Wilson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Appawu, M" uniqKey="Appawu M">M Appawu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyapong, J" uniqKey="Gyapong J">J Gyapong</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Amuzu, H" uniqKey="Amuzu H">H Amuzu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, M" uniqKey="Wilson M">M Wilson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boakye, D" uniqKey="Boakye D">D Boakye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Appawu, Ma" uniqKey="Appawu M">MA Appawu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baffoe Wilmot, A" uniqKey="Baffoe Wilmot A">A Baffoe-Wilmot</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Afari, Ea" uniqKey="Afari E">EA Afari</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koram, Ka" uniqKey="Koram K">KA Koram</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nkrumah, Fk" uniqKey="Nkrumah F">FK Nkrumah</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dunyo, Sk" uniqKey="Dunyo S">SK Dunyo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Appawu, Ma" uniqKey="Appawu M">MA Appawu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nkrumah, Fk" uniqKey="Nkrumah F">FK Nkrumah</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baffoe Wilmot, A" uniqKey="Baffoe Wilmot A">A Baffoe-Wilmot</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simonsen, Pe" uniqKey="Simonsen P">PE Simonsen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bryan, Jh" uniqKey="Bryan J">JH Bryan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcmahon, P" uniqKey="Mcmahon P">P Mcmahon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Barnes, A" uniqKey="Barnes A">A Barnes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bryan, Jh" uniqKey="Bryan J">JH Bryan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Southgate, Ba" uniqKey="Southgate B">BA Southgate</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcgreevy, Pb" uniqKey="Mcgreevy P">PB McGreevy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kolstrup, N" uniqKey="Kolstrup N">N Kolstrup</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tao, J" uniqKey="Tao J">J Tao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcgreevy, Mm" uniqKey="Mcgreevy M">MM Mcgreevy</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Marshall, Tf" uniqKey="Marshall T">TF Marshall</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bryan, Jh" uniqKey="Bryan J">JH Bryan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Di Deco, Ma" uniqKey="Di Deco M">MA Di Deco</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petrarca, V" uniqKey="Petrarca V">V Petrarca</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coluzzi, M" uniqKey="Coluzzi M">M Coluzzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coluzzi, M" uniqKey="Coluzzi M">M Coluzzi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petrarca, V" uniqKey="Petrarca V">V Petrarca</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Di Deco, Ma" uniqKey="Di Deco M">MA Di Deco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coluzzi, M" uniqKey="Coluzzi M">M Coluzzi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sabatini, A" uniqKey="Sabatini A">A Sabatini</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petrarca, V" uniqKey="Petrarca V">V Petrarca</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Di Deco, Ma" uniqKey="Di Deco M">MA Di Deco</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hunter, Jm" uniqKey="Hunter J">JM Hunter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carnevale, P" uniqKey="Carnevale P">P Carnevale</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guillet, P" uniqKey="Guillet P">P Guillet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Robert, V" uniqKey="Robert V">V Robert</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Doannio, J" uniqKey="Doannio J">J Doannio</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coosemans, M" uniqKey="Coosemans M">M Coosemans</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mouchet, J" uniqKey="Mouchet J">J Mouchet</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coluzzi, M" uniqKey="Coluzzi M">M Coluzzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Powell, Jr" uniqKey="Powell J">JR Powell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petrarca, V" uniqKey="Petrarca V">V Petrarca</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dt, A" uniqKey="Dt A">A DT</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Caccone, A" uniqKey="Caccone A">A Caccone</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coluzzi, M" uniqKey="Coluzzi M">M Coluzzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Della Torre, A" uniqKey="Della Torre A">A Della Torre</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fanello, C" uniqKey="Fanello C">C Fanello</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Akogbeto, M" uniqKey="Akogbeto M">M Akogbeto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dossou Yovo, J" uniqKey="Dossou Yovo J">J Dossou-yovo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Favia, G" uniqKey="Favia G">G Favia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Petrarca, V" uniqKey="Petrarca V">V Petrarca</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coluzzi, M" uniqKey="Coluzzi M">M Coluzzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Michel, Ap" uniqKey="Michel A">AP Michel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guelbeogo, Wm" uniqKey="Guelbeogo W">WM Guelbeogo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Grushko, O" uniqKey="Grushko O">O Grushko</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schemerhorn, Bj" uniqKey="Schemerhorn B">BJ Schemerhorn</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kern, M" uniqKey="Kern M">M Kern</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Willard, Mb" uniqKey="Willard M">MB Willard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sagnon, N" uniqKey="Sagnon N">N Sagnon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Costantini, C" uniqKey="Costantini C">C Costantini</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Besansky, Nj" uniqKey="Besansky N">NJ Besansky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kamau, L" uniqKey="Kamau L">L Kamau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lehmann, T" uniqKey="Lehmann T">T Lehmann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hawley, Wa" uniqKey="Hawley W">WA Hawley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Orago, As" uniqKey="Orago A">AS Orago</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collins, Fh" uniqKey="Collins F">FH Collins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lehmann, T" uniqKey="Lehmann T">T Lehmann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Besansky, Nj" uniqKey="Besansky N">NJ Besansky</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hawley, Wa" uniqKey="Hawley W">WA Hawley</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fahey, Tg" uniqKey="Fahey T">TG Fahey</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kamau, L" uniqKey="Kamau L">L Kamau</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Collins, Fh" uniqKey="Collins F">FH Collins</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Favia, G" uniqKey="Favia G">G Favia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Della, Ta" uniqKey="Della T">TA Della</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bagayoko, M" uniqKey="Bagayoko M">M Bagayoko</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lanfrancotti, A" uniqKey="Lanfrancotti A">A Lanfrancotti</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sagnon, N" uniqKey="Sagnon N">N Sagnon</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Toure, Yt" uniqKey="Toure Y">YT Toure</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coluzzi, M" uniqKey="Coluzzi M">M Coluzzi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Slotman, Ma" uniqKey="Slotman M">MA Slotman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tripet, F" uniqKey="Tripet F">F Tripet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cornel, Aj" uniqKey="Cornel A">AJ Cornel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meneses, Cr" uniqKey="Meneses C">CR Meneses</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Y" uniqKey="Lee Y">Y Lee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Reimer, Lj" uniqKey="Reimer L">LJ Reimer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thiemann, Tc" uniqKey="Thiemann T">TC Thiemann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fondjo, E" uniqKey="Fondjo E">E Fondjo</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fofana, A" uniqKey="Fofana A">A Fofana</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Traore, Sf" uniqKey="Traore S">SF Traore</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gentile, G" uniqKey="Gentile G">G Gentile</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Slotman, M" uniqKey="Slotman M">M Slotman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ketmaier, V" uniqKey="Ketmaier V">V Ketmaier</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Powell, Jr" uniqKey="Powell J">JR Powell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Caccone, A" uniqKey="Caccone A">A Caccone</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Awolola, Ts" uniqKey="Awolola T">TS Awolola</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oduola, Ao" uniqKey="Oduola A">AO Oduola</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Oyewole, Io" uniqKey="Oyewole I">IO Oyewole</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Obansa, Jb" uniqKey="Obansa J">JB Obansa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Amajoh, Cn" uniqKey="Amajoh C">CN Amajoh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Koekemoer, Ll" uniqKey="Koekemoer L">LL Koekemoer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coetzee, M" uniqKey="Coetzee M">M Coetzee</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diabate, A" uniqKey="Diabate A">A Diabate</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Baldet, T" uniqKey="Baldet T">T Baldet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chandre, C" uniqKey="Chandre C">C Chandre</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dabire, Kr" uniqKey="Dabire K">KR Dabire</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kengne, P" uniqKey="Kengne P">P Kengne</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guiguemde, Tr" uniqKey="Guiguemde T">TR Guiguemde</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simard, F" uniqKey="Simard F">F Simard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guillet, P" uniqKey="Guillet P">P Guillet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hemingway, J" uniqKey="Hemingway J">J Hemingway</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hougard, Jm" uniqKey="Hougard J">JM Hougard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Weill, M" uniqKey="Weill M">M Weill</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chandre, F" uniqKey="Chandre F">F Chandre</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brengues, C" uniqKey="Brengues C">C Brengues</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Manguin, S" uniqKey="Manguin S">S Manguin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Akogbeto, M" uniqKey="Akogbeto M">M Akogbeto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pasteur, N" uniqKey="Pasteur N">N Pasteur</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Guillet, P" uniqKey="Guillet P">P Guillet</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Raymond, M" uniqKey="Raymond M">M Raymond</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Corbel, V" uniqKey="Corbel V">V Corbel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="N Uessan, R" uniqKey="N Uessan R">R N’Guessan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brengues, C" uniqKey="Brengues C">C Brengues</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chandre, F" uniqKey="Chandre F">F Chandre</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Djogbenou, L" uniqKey="Djogbenou L">L Djogbenou</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, T" uniqKey="Martin T">T Martin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Akogbeto, M" uniqKey="Akogbeto M">M Akogbéto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hougard, J" uniqKey="Hougard J">J Hougard</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rowland, M" uniqKey="Rowland M">M Rowland</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ranson, H" uniqKey="Ranson H">H Ranson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="N Uessan, R" uniqKey="N Uessan R">R N’guessan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lines, J" uniqKey="Lines J">J Lines</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Moiroux, N" uniqKey="Moiroux N">N Moiroux</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nkuni, Z" uniqKey="Nkuni Z">Z Nkuni</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Corbel, V" uniqKey="Corbel V">V Corbel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Yewhalaw, D" uniqKey="Yewhalaw D">D Yewhalaw</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wassie, F" uniqKey="Wassie F">F Wassie</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Steurbaut, W" uniqKey="Steurbaut W">W Steurbaut</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Spanoghe, P" uniqKey="Spanoghe P">P Spanoghe</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Van Bortel, W" uniqKey="Van Bortel W">W van Bortel</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Denis, L" uniqKey="Denis L">L Denis</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tessema, D" uniqKey="Tessema D">D Tessema</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Getachew, Y" uniqKey="Getachew Y">Y Getachew</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coosemans, M" uniqKey="Coosemans M">M Coosemans</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duchateau, L" uniqKey="Duchateau L">L Duchateau</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mccarroll, L" uniqKey="Mccarroll L">L McCarroll</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Paton, Mg" uniqKey="Paton M">MG Paton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Karunaratne, Shpp" uniqKey="Karunaratne S">SHPP Karunaratne</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jayasuryia, Htr" uniqKey="Jayasuryia H">HTR Jayasuryia</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kalpage, Ksp" uniqKey="Kalpage K">KSP Kalpage</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hemingway, J" uniqKey="Hemingway J">J Hemingway</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hemingway, J" uniqKey="Hemingway J">J Hemingway</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ranson, H" uniqKey="Ranson H">H Ranson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly Hope, La" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L">LA Kelly-Hope</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diggle, Pj" uniqKey="Diggle P">PJ Diggle</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rowlingson, Bs" uniqKey="Rowlingson B">BS Rowlingson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyapong, Jo" uniqKey="Gyapong J">JO Gyapong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kyelem, D" uniqKey="Kyelem D">D Kyelem</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Coleman, M" uniqKey="Coleman M">M Coleman</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thomson, Mc" uniqKey="Thomson M">MC Thomson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Obsomer, V" uniqKey="Obsomer V">V Obsomer</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lindsay, Sw" uniqKey="Lindsay S">SW Lindsay</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hemingway, J" uniqKey="Hemingway J">J Hemingway</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bayoh, Mn" uniqKey="Bayoh M">MN Bayoh</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Thomas, Cj" uniqKey="Thomas C">CJ Thomas</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lindsay, Sw" uniqKey="Lindsay S">SW Lindsay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Souza, D" uniqKey="De Souza D">D de Souza</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly Hope, L" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L">L Kelly-Hope</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lawson, B" uniqKey="Lawson B">B Lawson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wilson, M" uniqKey="Wilson M">M Wilson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boakye, D" uniqKey="Boakye D">D Boakye</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sunish, I" uniqKey="Sunish I">I Sunish</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rajendran, R" uniqKey="Rajendran R">R Rajendran</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mani, T" uniqKey="Mani T">T Mani</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Munirathinam, A" uniqKey="Munirathinam A">A Munirathinam</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Dash, A" uniqKey="Dash A">A Dash</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tyagi, B" uniqKey="Tyagi B">B Tyagi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ashton, R" uniqKey="Ashton R">R Ashton</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kyabayinze, D" uniqKey="Kyabayinze D">D Kyabayinze</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Opio, T" uniqKey="Opio T">T Opio</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Auma, A" uniqKey="Auma A">A Auma</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Edwards, T" uniqKey="Edwards T">T Edwards</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matwale, G" uniqKey="Matwale G">G Matwale</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Onapa, A" uniqKey="Onapa A">A Onapa</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Brooker, S" uniqKey="Brooker S">S Brooker</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kolaczinski, J" uniqKey="Kolaczinski J">J Kolaczinski</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alilio, M" uniqKey="Alilio M">M Alilio</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Bygbjerg, I" uniqKey="Bygbjerg I">I Bygbjerg</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Breman, J" uniqKey="Breman J">J Breman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stapleton, D" uniqKey="Stapleton D">D Stapleton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kelly Hope, L" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L">L Kelly-Hope</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ranson, H" uniqKey="Ranson H">H Ranson</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Hemingway, J" uniqKey="Hemingway J">J Hemingway</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lounibos, Lp" uniqKey="Lounibos L">LP Lounibos</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Conn, Je" uniqKey="Conn J">JE Conn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gorgas, W" uniqKey="Gorgas W">W Gorgas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sadasivaiah, S" uniqKey="Sadasivaiah S">S Sadasivaiah</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tozan, Y" uniqKey="Tozan Y">Y Tozan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Breman, J" uniqKey="Breman J">J Breman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gyapong, Jo" uniqKey="Gyapong J">JO Gyapong</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Twum Danso, Nay" uniqKey="Twum Danso N">NAY Twum-Danso</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Schwab, Ae" uniqKey="Schwab A">AE Schwab</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boakye, Da" uniqKey="Boakye D">DA Boakye</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kyelem, D" uniqKey="Kyelem D">D Kyelem</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Prichard, Rk" uniqKey="Prichard R">RK Prichard</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mccarthy, J" uniqKey="Mccarthy J">J McCarthy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mukoko, Da" uniqKey="Mukoko D">DA Mukoko</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zielke, E" uniqKey="Zielke E">E Zielke</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chlebowsky, Ho" uniqKey="Chlebowsky H">HO Chlebowsky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Boyd, A" uniqKey="Boyd A">A Boyd</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Won, Ky" uniqKey="Won K">KY Won</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mcclintock, Sk" uniqKey="Mcclintock S">SK McClintock</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Donovan, Cv" uniqKey="Donovan C">CV Donovan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Laney, Sj" uniqKey="Laney S">SJ Laney</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Williams, Sa" uniqKey="Williams S">SA Williams</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pilotte, N" uniqKey="Pilotte N">N Pilotte</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Streit, Tg" uniqKey="Streit T">TG Streit</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="De Rochars, Mveb" uniqKey="De Rochars M">MVEB de Rochars</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lammie, Pj" uniqKey="Lammie P">PJ Lammie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="review-article" xml:lang="en">
<pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Parasit Vectors</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Parasit Vectors</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Parasites & Vectors</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1756-3305</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23151383</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3533928</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">1756-3305-5-259</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/1756-3305-5-259</article-id>
<article-categories>
<subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
<subject>Review</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
-transmitted filariasis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A1">
<name>
<surname>de Souza</surname>
<given-names>Dziedzom K</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>ddeSouza@noguchi.mimcom.org</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A2">
<name>
<surname>Koudou</surname>
<given-names>Benjamin</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>G.B.Koudou@liverpool.ac.uk</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A3">
<name>
<surname>Kelly-Hope</surname>
<given-names>Louise A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>L.Kelly-Hope@liverpool.ac.uk</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A4">
<name>
<surname>Wilson</surname>
<given-names>Michael D</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>mwilson@noguchi.mimcom.org</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="A5">
<name>
<surname>Bockarie</surname>
<given-names>Moses J</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2">2</xref>
<email>Moses.Bockarie@liverpool.ac.uk</email>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes" id="A6">
<name>
<surname>Boakye</surname>
<given-names>Daniel A</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1">1</xref>
<email>dboakye@noguchi.mimcom.org</email>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1">
<label>1</label>
Parasitology Department, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon-Accra, Ghana</aff>
<aff id="I2">
<label>2</label>
Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="collection">
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>14</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>5</volume>
<fpage>259</fpage>
<lpage>259</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received">
<day>28</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted">
<day>4</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Copyright ©2012 de Souza et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>de Souza et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">
<license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (
<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0</ext-link>
), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.parasitesandvectors.com/content/5/1/259"></self-uri>
<abstract>
<p>Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is targeted for elimination by the Global Programme for the Elimination of Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). The strategy adopted is based on the density dependent phenomenon of Facilitation, which hypothesizes that in an area where the vector species transmitting
<italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic>
are
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
mosquitoes, it is feasible to eliminate LF using Mass Drug Administration (MDA) because of the inability of
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
species to transmit low-density microfilaraemia. Even though earlier studies have shown
<italic>Anopheles species</italic>
can exhibit the process of Facilitation in West Africa, observations point towards the process of Limitation in certain areas, in which case vector control is recommended. Studies on
<italic>Anopheles</italic>
species in West Africa have also shown genetic differentiation, cryptic taxa and speciation, insecticide resistance and the existence of molecular and chromosomal forms, all of which could influence the vectorial capacity of the mosquitoes and ultimately the elimination goal. This paper outlines the uniqueness of LF vectors in West Africa and the challenges it poses to the 2020 elimination goal, based on the current MDA strategies.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd>Lymphatic Filariasis</kwd>
<kwd>Anopheles vectors</kwd>
<kwd>Vector-Parasite interactions</kwd>
<kwd>West Africa</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Ghana</li>
<li>Royaume-Uni</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Région du Grand Accra</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Accra</li>
<li>Legon (Ghana)</li>
</settlement>
<orgName>
<li>Université du Ghana</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Ghana">
<region name="Région du Grand Accra">
<name sortKey="De Souza, Dziedzom K" sort="De Souza, Dziedzom K" uniqKey="De Souza D" first="Dziedzom K" last="De Souza">Dziedzom K. De Souza</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Boakye, Daniel A" sort="Boakye, Daniel A" uniqKey="Boakye D" first="Daniel A" last="Boakye">Daniel A. Boakye</name>
<name sortKey="Wilson, Michael D" sort="Wilson, Michael D" uniqKey="Wilson M" first="Michael D" last="Wilson">Michael D. Wilson</name>
</country>
<country name="Royaume-Uni">
<noRegion>
<name sortKey="Koudou, Benjamin" sort="Koudou, Benjamin" uniqKey="Koudou B" first="Benjamin" last="Koudou">Benjamin Koudou</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J" last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name>
<name sortKey="Kelly Hope, Louise A" sort="Kelly Hope, Louise A" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L" first="Louise A" last="Kelly-Hope">Louise A. Kelly-Hope</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 002A48 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 002A48 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Sante
   |area=    LymphedemaV1
   |flux=    Pmc
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:3533928
   |texte=   Diversity and transmission competence in lymphatic filariasis vectors in West Africa, and the implications for accelerated elimination of Anopheles-transmitted filariasis
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:23151383" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31.
Data generation: Sat Nov 4 17:40:35 2017. Site generation: Tue Feb 13 16:42:16 2024