Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Gastrointestinal Tract: Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature
Identifieur interne : 002889 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 002888; suivant : 002890Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Gastrointestinal Tract: Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature
Auteurs : Massimo Ambroggi [Italie] ; Elisa Maria Stroppa [Italie] ; Patrizia Mordenti [Italie] ; Claudia Biasini [Italie] ; Adriano Zangrandi [Italie] ; Emanuele Michieletti [Italie] ; Elena Belloni [Italie] ; Luigi Cavanna [Italie]Source :
- International Journal of Breast Cancer [ 2090-3170 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Luminal gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from breast cancer are rare, reports are fragmentary and poor. The purposes of this study are to assess the gastrointestinal involvement from breast cancer in a retrospective study at a single institution and reviewing the related literature. Between January 2007 and December 2011 a total of 980 patients with breast cancer were treated at our institution, patients' records and report database were analysed. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. A search of the literature using PubMed, CancerLit, Embase, was performed. Selected for the present review were papers published in English before June 2012. Five of 980 patients (0.5%) showed gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer, 3 patients had gastric involvement, 1 jejunum, and 1 rectum. Reviewing the literature, 206 patients affected by gastrointestinal metastasis from breast cancer were identified: the most frequent site of metastasis was the stomach (60%). The majority of the patients underwent chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, someone surgery and radiotherapy. GI metastases from breast cancer are rare, but possible, and a very late recurrence can also occur. Cyto-histological diagnosis is mandatory, to differentiate GI metastases from breast cancer to other diseases and to allow an adequate treatment.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2012/439023
PubMed: 23091732
PubMed Central: 3471430
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last="Biasini">Claudia Biasini</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oncology and Hematology, Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology and Hematology, Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zangrandi, Adriano" sort="Zangrandi, Adriano" uniqKey="Zangrandi A" first="Adriano" last="Zangrandi">Adriano Zangrandi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Michieletti, Emanuele" sort="Michieletti, Emanuele" uniqKey="Michieletti E" first="Emanuele" last="Michieletti">Emanuele Michieletti</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Belloni, Elena" sort="Belloni, Elena" uniqKey="Belloni E" first="Elena" last="Belloni">Elena Belloni</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cavanna, Luigi" sort="Cavanna, Luigi" uniqKey="Cavanna L" first="Luigi" last="Cavanna">Luigi Cavanna</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Oncology and Hematology, Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Italie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Oncology and Hematology, Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>CAP 29121 Piacenza</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">International Journal of Breast Cancer</title><idno type="ISSN">2090-3170</idno><idno type="eISSN">2090-3189</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Luminal gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from breast cancer are rare, reports are fragmentary and poor. The purposes of this study are to assess the gastrointestinal involvement from breast cancer in a retrospective study at a single institution and reviewing the related literature. Between January 2007 and December 2011 a total of 980 patients with breast cancer were treated at our institution, patients' records and report database were analysed. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. A search of the literature using PubMed, CancerLit, Embase, was performed. Selected for the present review were papers published in English before June 2012. Five of 980 patients (0.5%) showed gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer, 3 patients had gastric involvement, 1 jejunum, and 1 rectum. Reviewing the literature, 206 patients affected by gastrointestinal metastasis from breast cancer were identified: the most frequent site of metastasis was the stomach (60%). The majority of the patients underwent chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, someone surgery and radiotherapy. GI metastases from breast cancer are rare, but possible, and a very late recurrence can also occur. Cyto-histological diagnosis is mandatory, to differentiate GI metastases from breast cancer to other diseases and to allow an adequate treatment.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwarz, Re" uniqKey="Schwarz R">RE Schwarz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Klimstra, Ds" uniqKey="Klimstra D">DS Klimstra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Turnbull, Adm" uniqKey="Turnbull A">ADM Turnbull</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nazareno, J" uniqKey="Nazareno J">J Nazareno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Taves, D" uniqKey="Taves D">D Taves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Preiksaitis, Hg" uniqKey="Preiksaitis H">HG Preiksaitis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Washington, K" uniqKey="Washington K">K Washington</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcdonagh, D" uniqKey="Mcdonagh D">D 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Int J Breast Cancer</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Int J Breast Cancer</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">IJBC</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>International Journal of Breast Cancer</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2090-3170</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2090-3189</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23091732</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3471430</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2012/439023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Metastatic Breast Cancer to the Gastrointestinal Tract: Report of Five Cases and Review of the Literature</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ambroggi</surname><given-names>Massimo</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Stroppa</surname><given-names>Elisa Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mordenti</surname><given-names>Patrizia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Biasini</surname><given-names>Claudia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zangrandi</surname><given-names>Adriano</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Michieletti</surname><given-names>Emanuele</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Belloni</surname><given-names>Elena</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cavanna</surname><given-names>Luigi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Department of Oncology and Hematology, Oncology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Department of Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>Department of Radiology, Azienda Ospedaliera “Guglielmo da Saliceto”, Via Taverna 49, CAP 29121 Piacenza, Italy</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Luigi Cavanna: <email>l.cavanna@ausl.pc.it</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Wonshik Han</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>10</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>2012</volume><elocation-id>439023</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>13</day><month>7</month><year>2012</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>4</day><month>9</month><year>2012</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Massimo Ambroggi et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Luminal gastrointestinal (GI) metastases from breast cancer are rare, reports are fragmentary and poor. The purposes of this study are to assess the gastrointestinal involvement from breast cancer in a retrospective study at a single institution and reviewing the related literature. Between January 2007 and December 2011 a total of 980 patients with breast cancer were treated at our institution, patients' records and report database were analysed. Institutional Review Board approval was obtained for this study. A search of the literature using PubMed, CancerLit, Embase, was performed. Selected for the present review were papers published in English before June 2012. Five of 980 patients (0.5%) showed gastrointestinal metastases from breast cancer, 3 patients had gastric involvement, 1 jejunum, and 1 rectum. Reviewing the literature, 206 patients affected by gastrointestinal metastasis from breast cancer were identified: the most frequent site of metastasis was the stomach (60%). The majority of the patients underwent chemotherapy and endocrine therapy, someone surgery and radiotherapy. GI metastases from breast cancer are rare, but possible, and a very late recurrence can also occur. Cyto-histological diagnosis is mandatory, to differentiate GI metastases from breast cancer to other diseases and to allow an adequate treatment.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Clinical characteristics of patients with breast cancer and GI tract involvement.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pts/age</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Breast cancer onset</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Histology</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">TNM/G<break></break>(breast cancer onset)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ER/PgR (%)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ki-67<break></break> (%)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">c erbB2</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment of primary tumor</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Date and site of GI involvement</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment of GI involvement</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Current <break></break>status</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">I/47</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">March 1985</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DIC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PT2N0M0/n.a.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>95/0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgery</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">December 2007/jejunum</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgery, <break></break>CT, ET </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alive<break></break>June 2012</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">II/40</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">May 2008</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Signet ring cells</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CTxN1M1/2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">90/35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT, ET</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">May 2008/rectum</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT, ET, RT</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alive<break></break>June 2012</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">III/53</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1987</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DIC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.a./n.a.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">>80/>80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgery</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">March 2008/stomach</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death<break></break>August 2008</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">IV/57</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">January 2006</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LIC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PT2N3aM1/n.a.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80/85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgery, CT, ET</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">November 2008/stomach</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death<break></break>May 2009</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">V/63</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1998</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LIC</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">pT2N2M0/n.a.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50/0</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Negative</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgery, CT, ET</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">October 2010/stomach</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ET</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Alive<break></break>June 2012 </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>CT: chemotherapy; ET: endocrine therapy; RT: radiotherapy; DIC: ductal infiltrating carcinoma; LIC: lobular infiltrating carcinoma, n.a.: not assessable.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Results from reviewing of the literature: patients with breast cancer and GI involvement. </p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Site of GI involvement</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clinical presentation/clinical symptoms</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">N. (%)</th><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">References</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oropharynx</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oropharyngeal dysphagia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tongue lesion</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total oropharynx</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Esophagus</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stricture</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dil., surg., ET</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>–<xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Achalasia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg., ET</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>, <xref rid="B33" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nonspecific dysmotility</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total esophagus</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24 (12%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stomach</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Linitis plastica</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">57</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg., CT, ET, RT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>–<xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Obstruction/stenosis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg., CT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>, <xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>, <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>, <xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polyp</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT, ET, RT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>, <xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ulcer erosion/bleeding</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT, ET, RT, Surg.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>, <xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>, <xref rid="B49" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>–<xref rid="B68" ref-type="bibr">44</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Perforation</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg., CT, ET</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>, <xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">45</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pain</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT, ET</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>, <xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dyspepsia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">27</xref>, <xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B80" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg., CT, ET</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B82" ref-type="bibr">48</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total stomach</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">125 (60%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Small intestine</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Obstruction/stenosis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pall. care, surg., ET, RT, CT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">49</xref>–<xref rid="B84" ref-type="bibr">57</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multiple obstructions</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Peritonitis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B77" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bleeding</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B79" ref-type="bibr">59</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B83" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total small intestine</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16 (8%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Colon</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Obstruction/stenosis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ET, CT, RT, Surg.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B71" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>, <xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>–<xref rid="B81" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Asymptomatic abdominal mass</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Multiple strictures/diffuse infiltration</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>, <xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">70</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polyp</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg., ET</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">53</xref>, <xref rid="B62" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Linitis plastica</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surg.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B76" ref-type="bibr">72</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B80" ref-type="bibr">47</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total colon</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23 (11%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rectum</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Obstruction/stenosis</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT, RT, ET, Surg.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>, <xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">61</xref>, <xref rid="B63" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>–<xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Linitis plastica</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">33</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Abdominal pain</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CT</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Rectal bleeding</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B85" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total rectum</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (7%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Anum</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Polyp</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT, ET</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">78</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">n.r.</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">[<xref rid="B86" ref-type="bibr">79</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total anum</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2 (1%)</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">206</td><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>CT: chemotherapy; ET: endocrine therapy; RT: radiotherapy; Surg.: surgery; Dil: dilatation, Pall. care: palliative care; n.r.: not reported.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Italie</li></country></list><tree><country name="Italie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ambroggi, Massimo" sort="Ambroggi, Massimo" uniqKey="Ambroggi M" first="Massimo" last="Ambroggi">Massimo Ambroggi</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Belloni, Elena" sort="Belloni, Elena" uniqKey="Belloni E" first="Elena" last="Belloni">Elena Belloni</name><name sortKey="Biasini, Claudia" sort="Biasini, Claudia" uniqKey="Biasini C" first="Claudia" last="Biasini">Claudia Biasini</name><name sortKey="Cavanna, Luigi" sort="Cavanna, Luigi" uniqKey="Cavanna L" first="Luigi" last="Cavanna">Luigi Cavanna</name><name sortKey="Michieletti, Emanuele" sort="Michieletti, Emanuele" uniqKey="Michieletti E" first="Emanuele" last="Michieletti">Emanuele Michieletti</name><name sortKey="Mordenti, Patrizia" sort="Mordenti, Patrizia" uniqKey="Mordenti P" first="Patrizia" last="Mordenti">Patrizia Mordenti</name><name sortKey="Stroppa, Elisa Maria" sort="Stroppa, Elisa Maria" uniqKey="Stroppa E" first="Elisa Maria" last="Stroppa">Elisa Maria Stroppa</name><name sortKey="Zangrandi, Adriano" sort="Zangrandi, Adriano" uniqKey="Zangrandi A" first="Adriano" last="Zangrandi">Adriano Zangrandi</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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