The Effect of Angipars on Diabetic Neuropathy in STZ-Induced Diabetic Male Rats: A Study on Behavioral, Electrophysiological, Sciatic Histological and Ultrastructural Indices
Identifieur interne : 001716 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001715; suivant : 001717The Effect of Angipars on Diabetic Neuropathy in STZ-Induced Diabetic Male Rats: A Study on Behavioral, Electrophysiological, Sciatic Histological and Ultrastructural Indices
Auteurs : Nasser Zangiabadi [Iran] ; Hossein Mohtashami [Iran] ; Mahboobeh Hojatipour [Iran] ; Mandana Jafari [Iran] ; Majid Asadi-Shekaari [Iran] ; Mohammad Shabani [Iran]Source :
- The Scientific World Journal [ 2356-6140 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease with a high prevalence rate in human society that eventually leads to the peripheral nervous system complications in a great number of patients. In the present study, the effects of Angipars on nerve conduction velocity, histological alterations, and behavioral indices were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks after STZ injection, animals were divided into five groups control, vehicle, and 3 experimental groups. The vehicle group received 1 mL distilled water daily for two weeks and three experimental groups received, respectively, intraperitoneal injection of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg Angipars daily for two weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of Angipars, in some extent, could significantly improve behavioral indices of the experimental groups as compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, mean nerve conduction velocity in the vehicle group showed significant difference with that in the control and the 2nd experimental groups; therefore, Angipars could increase nerve conduction velocity in neuropathic rats. Overall, Angipars exerted positive effects on the treatment and reduction of physiologic symptoms and improvement of sciatic morphological injuries in neuropathic rats.
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DOI: 10.1155/2014/721547
PubMed: 25614895
PubMed Central: 4295134
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last="Hojatipour">Mahboobeh Hojatipour</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jafari, Mandana" sort="Jafari, Mandana" uniqKey="Jafari M" first="Mandana" last="Jafari">Mandana Jafari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country 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type="doi">10.1155/2014/721547</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">004632</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">004632</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">004631</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">004631</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001716</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001716</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The Effect of Angipars on Diabetic Neuropathy in STZ-Induced Diabetic Male Rats: A Study on Behavioral, Electrophysiological, Sciatic Histological and Ultrastructural Indices</title><author><name sortKey="Zangiabadi, Nasser" sort="Zangiabadi, Nasser" uniqKey="Zangiabadi N" first="Nasser" last="Zangiabadi">Nasser Zangiabadi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Afzal Research Center, Kerman, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Afzal Research Center, Kerman</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mohtashami, Hossein" sort="Mohtashami, Hossein" uniqKey="Mohtashami H" first="Hossein" last="Mohtashami">Hossein Mohtashami</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hojatipour, Mahboobeh" sort="Hojatipour, Mahboobeh" uniqKey="Hojatipour M" first="Mahboobeh" last="Hojatipour">Mahboobeh Hojatipour</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jafari, Mandana" sort="Jafari, Mandana" uniqKey="Jafari M" first="Mandana" last="Jafari">Mandana Jafari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Asadi Shekaari, Majid" sort="Asadi Shekaari, Majid" uniqKey="Asadi Shekaari M" first="Majid" last="Asadi-Shekaari">Majid Asadi-Shekaari</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shabani, Mohammad" sort="Shabani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Shabani M" first="Mohammad" last="Shabani">Mohammad Shabani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Iran</country><wicri:regionArea>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Kerman 76198-13159</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">The Scientific World Journal</title><idno type="ISSN">2356-6140</idno><idno type="eISSN">1537-744X</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease with a high prevalence rate in human society that eventually leads to the peripheral nervous system complications in a great number of patients. In the present study, the effects of Angipars on nerve conduction velocity, histological alterations, and behavioral indices were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks after STZ injection, animals were divided into five groups control, vehicle, and 3 experimental groups. The vehicle group received 1 mL distilled water daily for two weeks and three experimental groups received, respectively, intraperitoneal injection of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg Angipars daily for two weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of Angipars, in some extent, could significantly improve behavioral indices of the experimental groups as compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, mean nerve conduction velocity in the vehicle group showed significant difference with that in the control and the 2nd experimental groups; therefore, Angipars could increase nerve conduction velocity in neuropathic rats. Overall, Angipars exerted positive effects on the treatment and reduction of physiologic symptoms and improvement of sciatic morphological injuries in neuropathic rats.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zangiabadi, N" uniqKey="Zangiabadi N">N. Zangiabadi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asadi Shekaari, M" uniqKey="Asadi Shekaari M">M. Asadi-Shekaari</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sheibani, V" uniqKey="Sheibani V">V. Sheibani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gallieni, M" uniqKey="Gallieni M">M. Gallieni</name></author><author><name sortKey="Aiello, A" uniqKey="Aiello A">A. Aiello</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tucci, B" uniqKey="Tucci B">B. Tucci</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Belchetz, P" uniqKey="Belchetz P">P. Belchetz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hammond, P J" uniqKey="Hammond P">P. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">ScientificWorldJournal</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">ScientificWorldJournal</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">TSWJ</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>The Scientific World Journal</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2356-6140</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1537-744X</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25614895</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4295134</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2014/721547</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>The Effect of Angipars on Diabetic Neuropathy in STZ-Induced Diabetic Male Rats: A Study on Behavioral, Electrophysiological, Sciatic Histological and Ultrastructural Indices</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zangiabadi</surname><given-names>Nasser</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohtashami</surname><given-names>Hossein</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hojatipour</surname><given-names>Mahboobeh</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jafari</surname><given-names>Mandana</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Asadi-Shekaari</surname><given-names>Majid</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shabani</surname><given-names>Mohammad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Tahmassebabad Crossroad, Ebne-Sina Street, Kerman 76198-13159, Iran</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Afzal Research Center, Kerman, Iran</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Mohammad Shabani: <email>shabanimoh@yahoo.com</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Rosanna Maccari</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>29</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>2014</volume><elocation-id>721547</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>4</day><month>7</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>8</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>26</day><month>11</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Nasser Zangiabadi et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disease with a high prevalence rate in human society that eventually leads to the peripheral nervous system complications in a great number of patients. In the present study, the effects of Angipars on nerve conduction velocity, histological alterations, and behavioral indices were investigated. Diabetes was induced in male rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Six weeks after STZ injection, animals were divided into five groups control, vehicle, and 3 experimental groups. The vehicle group received 1 mL distilled water daily for two weeks and three experimental groups received, respectively, intraperitoneal injection of 5, 10, and 20 mg/kg Angipars daily for two weeks. Intraperitoneal injection of Angipars, in some extent, could significantly improve behavioral indices of the experimental groups as compared to the vehicle group. Furthermore, mean nerve conduction velocity in the vehicle group showed significant difference with that in the control and the 2nd experimental groups; therefore, Angipars could increase nerve conduction velocity in neuropathic rats. Overall, Angipars exerted positive effects on the treatment and reduction of physiologic symptoms and improvement of sciatic morphological injuries in neuropathic rats.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>Effect of Angipars (5, 10, and 20 mg kg day<sup>−1</sup>, ip, for 2 weeks) on the pain threshold values in streptozotocin-injected diabetic rats subjected to tail flick. <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.01 as compared to control group. There are no significance effects between Angipars-treated groups and vehicle group. Values are expressed as mean ± SEM (<italic>n</italic> = 8 rats in each group).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-721547.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Effect of Angipars (5, 10, and 20 mg kg day<sup>−1</sup>, ip, for 2 weeks) on explorative behavior of rats in open field test. (a) Velocity, (b) immobile duration, (c) grooming, and (d) rearing. <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.01, <sup>***</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.001, and <sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.0001 as compared to control group. Data are the mean ± SEM.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-721547.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Effect of Angipars (5, 10, and 20 mg kg day<sup>−1</sup>, ip, for 2 weeks) on motor nerve conductive velocity (NCV) in rats. <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.05 as compared to control group; <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.01 as compared to vehicle group. Data are the mean ± SEM.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-721547.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Light micrograph of transverse semithin sections of rat sciatic nerves. (a) Control group: myelinated nerve fibers are in normal structure and morphology. (b) Diabetic group: nerves fibers show some abnormalities such as myelin splitting (white arrow) and swelling (two-sided arrow). (c) The Angipars-treated group (10 mg kg day<sup>−1</sup>, ip, for 2 weeks). In Angipars-treated group, the proportion of nerve fibers with abnormalities was reduced. Magnification ×400.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-721547.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Electron micrograph of rat sciatic nerves. (a) Control group: myelinated fiber with normal structure and morphology. Axon is in normal condition too. (b) Diabetic group: myelinated fiber shows myelin splitting (white arrow) and axoplasm disintegrity.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="TSWJ2014-721547.005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Body weight and blood glucose levels of all groups.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="2" colspan="1">Animal group</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Body weight (g)</th><th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="1">Blood glucose (mg/dL)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Before STZ injection</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">End experiment</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Before drug injection</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">End experiment</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control (8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">270 ± 13.9 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">276.25 ± 13.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133 ± 33.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">132.87 ± 35.62</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vehicle (8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">260 ± 21.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">237.14 ± 24.97<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">423.71 ± 108.85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">491.42 ± 87.83</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Angipars 5 (8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">257.1 ± 21.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">210 ± 45.82<sup>*</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">457.1 ± 115.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> 492.85 ± 137.44</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Angipars 10 (8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">275.5 ± 14.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">272.22 ± 22.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">391.33 ± 66.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">459.22 ± 94.98</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Angipars 20 (8)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">266.25 ± 14.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">251.87 ± 17.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">359.87 ± 65.21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">471.25 ± 58.66</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>
<sup>*</sup>Data are the mean ± SEM (<italic>n</italic> = 8). </p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>The effect of Angipars on histomorphometric parameters of rat sciatic nerve.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Groups</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic></th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MMFD (<italic>μ</italic>m)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">AD (<italic>μ</italic>m)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MSD (<italic>μ</italic>m)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Control</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.13 ± 0.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.91 ± 1.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.35 ± 0.34 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vehicle</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.45 ± 0.45<sup>****</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.59 ± 0.76<sup>**</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.98 ± 0.71</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Angipars 5 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.59 ± 1.05<sup>∗∗∗∗#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.84 ± 0.99<sup>##</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.65 ± 0.92</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Angipars 10 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.65 ± 1.22<sup>∗∗∗∗#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.75 ± 1.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.91 ± 0.82 </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Angipars 20 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.81 ± 0.73<sup>∗∗∗∗#</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.00 ± 0.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.83 ± 0.63 </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><italic>N</italic>: number of animals; MMFD: mean-myelinated fiber diameter; AD: axon diameter, MSD: myelin sheath diameter. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. <sup>*</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.05, <sup>**</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.01, and <sup>****</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.0001 as compared to control group. <sup>##</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.01, <sup>###</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.001, and <sup>####</sup><italic>P</italic> < 0.0001, as compared to vehicle group.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Iran</li></country></list><tree><country name="Iran"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zangiabadi, Nasser" sort="Zangiabadi, Nasser" uniqKey="Zangiabadi N" first="Nasser" last="Zangiabadi">Nasser Zangiabadi</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Asadi Shekaari, Majid" sort="Asadi Shekaari, Majid" uniqKey="Asadi Shekaari M" first="Majid" last="Asadi-Shekaari">Majid Asadi-Shekaari</name><name sortKey="Hojatipour, Mahboobeh" sort="Hojatipour, Mahboobeh" uniqKey="Hojatipour M" first="Mahboobeh" last="Hojatipour">Mahboobeh Hojatipour</name><name sortKey="Jafari, Mandana" sort="Jafari, Mandana" uniqKey="Jafari M" first="Mandana" last="Jafari">Mandana Jafari</name><name sortKey="Mohtashami, Hossein" sort="Mohtashami, Hossein" uniqKey="Mohtashami H" first="Hossein" last="Mohtashami">Hossein Mohtashami</name><name sortKey="Shabani, Mohammad" sort="Shabani, Mohammad" uniqKey="Shabani M" first="Mohammad" last="Shabani">Mohammad Shabani</name><name sortKey="Zangiabadi, Nasser" sort="Zangiabadi, Nasser" uniqKey="Zangiabadi N" first="Nasser" last="Zangiabadi">Nasser Zangiabadi</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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