Evaluation of traps and lures for mosquito vectors and xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in a high prevalence Samoan Village
Identifieur interne : 001275 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001274; suivant : 001276Evaluation of traps and lures for mosquito vectors and xenomonitoring of Wuchereria bancrofti infection in a high prevalence Samoan Village
Auteurs : Limb K. Hapairai [Polynésie française] ; Catherine Plichart [Polynésie française] ; Take Naseri [Samoa] ; Ualesi Silva [Samoa] ; Lameko Tesimale [Samoa] ; Paulo Pemita [Samoa] ; Hervé C. Bossin [Polynésie française] ; Thomas R. Burkot [Australie] ; Scott A. Ritchie [Australie] ; Patricia M. Graves [Australie] ; Wayne Melrose [Australie] ; Hayley Joseph [Australie]Source :
- Parasites & Vectors [ 1756-3305 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Samoa continues to be challenging despite multiple annual mass drug campaigns aimed at stopping transmission by reducing the prevalence and density of microfilaraemia. The persistence of transmission may be partly related to the highly efficient
Fasitoo-Tai village was the chosen site because of persistent transmission despite annual mass drug administration. Sampling methods included BioGents Sentinel (BGS) trap, human-baited collections (HBC) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) trap. BGS and CDC traps were baited with BG-lure, CO2, and/or octenol. Individual trap locations were geo-located and efficiency of sampling methods was evaluated using a randomized Latin-square design in two locations. Number of mosquitoes collected (male and female), as well as species for each trapping method were determined. Additionally,
The BGS trap with any type of bait collected more mosquitoes compared to both the CDC trap and the HBC. The BGS trap baited with BG-lure collected more mosquitoes than with CO2 and octenol. There were no significant differences between trapping methods in terms of proportions of infected females collected. The prevalence of filarial infection in
This study supports the use of the BGS trap for research on and surveillance of the mosquito vectors of LF in Samoa. The BGS trap is a suitable and safer alternative to HBC for sampling
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DOI: 10.1186/s13071-015-0886-2
PubMed: 26016830
PubMed Central: 4449966
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evaluation of traps and lures for mosquito vectors and xenomonitoring of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> infection in a high prevalence Samoan Village</title><author><name sortKey="Hapairai, Limb K" sort="Hapairai, Limb K" uniqKey="Hapairai L" first="Limb K" last="Hapairai">Limb K. Hapairai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Polynésie française</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Papeete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plichart, Catherine" sort="Plichart, Catherine" uniqKey="Plichart C" first="Catherine" last="Plichart">Catherine Plichart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Polynésie française</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Papeete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naseri, Take" sort="Naseri, Take" uniqKey="Naseri T" first="Take" last="Naseri">Take Naseri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Ualesi" sort="Silva, Ualesi" uniqKey="Silva U" first="Ualesi" last="Silva">Ualesi Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tesimale, Lameko" sort="Tesimale, Lameko" uniqKey="Tesimale L" first="Lameko" last="Tesimale">Lameko Tesimale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pemita, Paulo" sort="Pemita, Paulo" uniqKey="Pemita P" first="Paulo" last="Pemita">Paulo Pemita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossin, Herve C" sort="Bossin, Herve C" uniqKey="Bossin H" first="Hervé C" last="Bossin">Hervé C. Bossin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Polynésie française</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Papeete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burkot, Thomas R" sort="Burkot, Thomas R" uniqKey="Burkot T" first="Thomas R" last="Burkot">Thomas R. Burkot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, Scott A" sort="Ritchie, Scott A" uniqKey="Ritchie S" first="Scott A" last="Ritchie">Scott A. Ritchie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graves, Patricia M" sort="Graves, Patricia M" uniqKey="Graves P" first="Patricia M" last="Graves">Patricia M. Graves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melrose, Wayne" sort="Melrose, Wayne" uniqKey="Melrose W" first="Wayne" last="Melrose">Wayne Melrose</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, Hayley" sort="Joseph, Hayley" uniqKey="Joseph H" first="Hayley" last="Joseph">Hayley Joseph</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Current address: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3053 Australia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">VIC 3053 Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26016830</idno><idno type="pmc">4449966</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449966</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4449966</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s13071-015-0886-2</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E00</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000E00</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000D99</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000D99</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">001275</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">001275</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Evaluation of traps and lures for mosquito vectors and xenomonitoring of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> infection in a high prevalence Samoan Village</title><author><name sortKey="Hapairai, Limb K" sort="Hapairai, Limb K" uniqKey="Hapairai L" first="Limb K" last="Hapairai">Limb K. Hapairai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Polynésie française</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Papeete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Plichart, Catherine" sort="Plichart, Catherine" uniqKey="Plichart C" first="Catherine" last="Plichart">Catherine Plichart</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Polynésie française</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Papeete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Naseri, Take" sort="Naseri, Take" uniqKey="Naseri T" first="Take" last="Naseri">Take Naseri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Silva, Ualesi" sort="Silva, Ualesi" uniqKey="Silva U" first="Ualesi" last="Silva">Ualesi Silva</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Tesimale, Lameko" sort="Tesimale, Lameko" uniqKey="Tesimale L" first="Lameko" last="Tesimale">Lameko Tesimale</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pemita, Paulo" sort="Pemita, Paulo" uniqKey="Pemita P" first="Paulo" last="Pemita">Paulo Pemita</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff2">Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Samoa</country><wicri:regionArea>Ministry of Health, Apia</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Apia</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bossin, Herve C" sort="Bossin, Herve C" uniqKey="Bossin H" first="Hervé C" last="Bossin">Hervé C. Bossin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff1">Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Polynésie française</country><wicri:regionArea>Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Papeete</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Burkot, Thomas R" sort="Burkot, Thomas R" uniqKey="Burkot T" first="Thomas R" last="Burkot">Thomas R. Burkot</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ritchie, Scott A" sort="Ritchie, Scott A" uniqKey="Ritchie S" first="Scott A" last="Ritchie">Scott A. Ritchie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Graves, Patricia M" sort="Graves, Patricia M" uniqKey="Graves P" first="Patricia M" last="Graves">Patricia M. Graves</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Melrose, Wayne" sort="Melrose, Wayne" uniqKey="Melrose W" first="Wayne" last="Melrose">Wayne Melrose</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Joseph, Hayley" sort="Joseph, Hayley" uniqKey="Joseph H" first="Hayley" last="Joseph">Hayley Joseph</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff3">Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country><wicri:regionArea>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Cairns and Townsville</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4">Current address: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3053 Australia</nlm:aff><wicri:noCountry code="subfield">VIC 3053 Australia</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasites & Vectors</title><idno type="eISSN">1756-3305</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Samoa continues to be challenging despite multiple annual mass drug campaigns aimed at stopping transmission by reducing the prevalence and density of microfilaraemia. The persistence of transmission may be partly related to the highly efficient <italic>Aedes</italic> vectors. The assessment of pathogen transmission by mosquito vectors and of vector control relies on the ability to capture mosquitoes efficiently. The aims of this study are to compare trapping methods to capture LF-infected mosquitoes and determine the role in transmission of the species of <italic>Aedes</italic> mosquitoes in the area<italic>.</italic></p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Fasitoo-Tai village was the chosen site because of persistent transmission despite annual mass drug administration. Sampling methods included BioGents Sentinel (BGS) trap, human-baited collections (HBC) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) trap. BGS and CDC traps were baited with BG-lure, CO<sub>2</sub>, and/or octenol. Individual trap locations were geo-located and efficiency of sampling methods was evaluated using a randomized Latin-square design in two locations. Number of mosquitoes collected (male and female), as well as species for each trapping method were determined. Additionally, <italic>Ae. polynesiensis</italic> and <italic>Ae.</italic> (<italic>Finlaya</italic>) spp. females were pooled by trap method and analysed for filarial DNA. Infection prevalence was estimated using the PoolScreen software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The BGS trap with any type of bait collected more mosquitoes compared to both the CDC trap and the HBC. The BGS trap baited with BG-lure collected more mosquitoes than with CO<sub>2</sub> and octenol. There were no significant differences between trapping methods in terms of proportions of infected females collected. The prevalence of filarial infection in <italic>Ae. polynesiensis</italic> and <italic>Ae.</italic> (<italic>Finlaya</italic>) spp. was estimated at 4.7 % and 0.67 % respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study supports the use of the BGS trap for research on and surveillance of the mosquito vectors of LF in Samoa. The BGS trap is a suitable and safer alternative to HBC for sampling <italic>Ae. polynesiensis</italic> and <italic>Ae.</italic> (<italic>Finlaya</italic>) spp., which continue to be the predominant vectors of LF. Of concern was the high prevalence of LF in mosquitoes despite a recent mass drug administration programme. This highlights the urgency for updated policies concerning filariasis elimination in Samoa.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ichimori, K" uniqKey="Ichimori K">K Ichimori</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Jd" uniqKey="King J">JD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Engels, D" uniqKey="Engels D">D Engels</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yajima, A" uniqKey="Yajima A">A Yajima</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mikhailov, A" uniqKey="Mikhailov A">A Mikhailov</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lammie, P" uniqKey="Lammie P">P Lammie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wpro, W" uniqKey="Wpro W">W WPRO</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kimura, E" uniqKey="Kimura E">E Kimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Penaia, L" uniqKey="Penaia L">L Penaia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spears, 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Parasit Vectors</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Parasit Vectors</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Parasites & Vectors</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1756-3305</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26016830</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4449966</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">886</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s13071-015-0886-2</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Evaluation of traps and lures for mosquito vectors and xenomonitoring of <italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</italic> infection in a high prevalence Samoan Village</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hapairai</surname><given-names>Limb K</given-names></name><address><email>lhapairai@yahoo.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Plichart</surname><given-names>Catherine</given-names></name><address><email>cplichart@mail.pf</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naseri</surname><given-names>Take</given-names></name><address><email>taken@health.gov.ws</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Silva</surname><given-names>Ualesi</given-names></name><address><email>UalesiS@health.gov.ws</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tesimale</surname><given-names>Lameko</given-names></name><address><email>LamekoT@health.gov.ws</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pemita</surname><given-names>Paulo</given-names></name><address><email>PauloP@health.gov.ws</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bossin</surname><given-names>Hervé C</given-names></name><address><email>hbossin@ilm.pf</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Burkot</surname><given-names>Thomas R</given-names></name><address><email>tom.burkot@jcu.edu.au</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ritchie</surname><given-names>Scott A</given-names></name><address><email>scott.ritchie@jcu.edu.au</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Graves</surname><given-names>Patricia M</given-names></name><address><email>patricia.graves@jcu.edu.au</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Melrose</surname><given-names>Wayne</given-names></name><address><email>wayne.melrose@jcu.edu.au</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Joseph</surname><given-names>Hayley</given-names></name><address><email>joseph.h@wehi.edu.au</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3"></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><label></label>Institut Louis Malardé, Papeete, French Polynesia</aff><aff id="Aff2"><label></label>Ministry of Health, Apia, Samoa</aff><aff id="Aff3"><label></label>Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Cairns and Townsville, Australia</aff><aff id="Aff4"><label></label>Current address: Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, 1G Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3053 Australia</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>28</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>8</volume><elocation-id>287</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>10</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>5</day><month>5</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© Hapairai et al.; licensee BioMed Central. 2015</copyright-statement><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p>Elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF) in Samoa continues to be challenging despite multiple annual mass drug campaigns aimed at stopping transmission by reducing the prevalence and density of microfilaraemia. The persistence of transmission may be partly related to the highly efficient <italic>Aedes</italic> vectors. The assessment of pathogen transmission by mosquito vectors and of vector control relies on the ability to capture mosquitoes efficiently. The aims of this study are to compare trapping methods to capture LF-infected mosquitoes and determine the role in transmission of the species of <italic>Aedes</italic> mosquitoes in the area<italic>.</italic></p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p>Fasitoo-Tai village was the chosen site because of persistent transmission despite annual mass drug administration. Sampling methods included BioGents Sentinel (BGS) trap, human-baited collections (HBC) and the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) trap. BGS and CDC traps were baited with BG-lure, CO<sub>2</sub>, and/or octenol. Individual trap locations were geo-located and efficiency of sampling methods was evaluated using a randomized Latin-square design in two locations. Number of mosquitoes collected (male and female), as well as species for each trapping method were determined. Additionally, <italic>Ae. polynesiensis</italic> and <italic>Ae.</italic> (<italic>Finlaya</italic>) spp. females were pooled by trap method and analysed for filarial DNA. Infection prevalence was estimated using the PoolScreen software.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>The BGS trap with any type of bait collected more mosquitoes compared to both the CDC trap and the HBC. The BGS trap baited with BG-lure collected more mosquitoes than with CO<sub>2</sub> and octenol. There were no significant differences between trapping methods in terms of proportions of infected females collected. The prevalence of filarial infection in <italic>Ae. polynesiensis</italic> and <italic>Ae.</italic> (<italic>Finlaya</italic>) spp. was estimated at 4.7 % and 0.67 % respectively.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>This study supports the use of the BGS trap for research on and surveillance of the mosquito vectors of LF in Samoa. The BGS trap is a suitable and safer alternative to HBC for sampling <italic>Ae. polynesiensis</italic> and <italic>Ae.</italic> (<italic>Finlaya</italic>) spp., which continue to be the predominant vectors of LF. Of concern was the high prevalence of LF in mosquitoes despite a recent mass drug administration programme. This highlights the urgency for updated policies concerning filariasis elimination in Samoa.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Filariasis</kwd><kwd>Transmission</kwd><kwd><italic>Aedes</italic></kwd><kwd>Elimination</kwd><kwd>Xenomonitoring</kwd><kwd>Samoa</kwd><kwd>BG-sentinel</kwd><kwd>Mosquito trap</kwd><kwd>Mosquito vector</kwd></kwd-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2015</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Australie</li><li>Polynésie française</li><li>Samoa</li></country></list><tree><country name="Polynésie française"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hapairai, Limb K" sort="Hapairai, Limb K" uniqKey="Hapairai L" first="Limb K" last="Hapairai">Limb K. Hapairai</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bossin, Herve C" sort="Bossin, Herve C" uniqKey="Bossin H" first="Hervé C" last="Bossin">Hervé C. Bossin</name><name sortKey="Plichart, Catherine" sort="Plichart, Catherine" uniqKey="Plichart C" first="Catherine" last="Plichart">Catherine Plichart</name></country><country name="Samoa"><noRegion><name sortKey="Naseri, Take" sort="Naseri, Take" uniqKey="Naseri T" first="Take" last="Naseri">Take Naseri</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Pemita, Paulo" sort="Pemita, Paulo" uniqKey="Pemita P" first="Paulo" last="Pemita">Paulo Pemita</name><name sortKey="Silva, Ualesi" sort="Silva, Ualesi" uniqKey="Silva U" first="Ualesi" last="Silva">Ualesi Silva</name><name sortKey="Tesimale, Lameko" sort="Tesimale, Lameko" uniqKey="Tesimale L" first="Lameko" last="Tesimale">Lameko Tesimale</name></country><country name="Australie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Burkot, Thomas R" sort="Burkot, Thomas R" uniqKey="Burkot T" first="Thomas R" last="Burkot">Thomas R. Burkot</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Graves, Patricia M" sort="Graves, Patricia M" uniqKey="Graves P" first="Patricia M" last="Graves">Patricia M. Graves</name><name sortKey="Joseph, Hayley" sort="Joseph, Hayley" uniqKey="Joseph H" first="Hayley" last="Joseph">Hayley Joseph</name><name sortKey="Melrose, Wayne" sort="Melrose, Wayne" uniqKey="Melrose W" first="Wayne" last="Melrose">Wayne Melrose</name><name sortKey="Ritchie, Scott A" sort="Ritchie, Scott A" uniqKey="Ritchie S" first="Scott A" last="Ritchie">Scott A. Ritchie</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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