Shrinking the Lymphatic Filariasis Map of Ethiopia: Reassessing the Population at Risk through Nationwide Mapping
Identifieur interne : 000E68 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000E67; suivant : 000E69Shrinking the Lymphatic Filariasis Map of Ethiopia: Reassessing the Population at Risk through Nationwide Mapping
Auteurs : Maria P. Rebollo [Royaume-Uni] ; Heven Sime [Éthiopie] ; Ashenafi Assefa [Éthiopie] ; Jorge Cano [Royaume-Uni] ; Kebede Deribe [Royaume-Uni, Éthiopie] ; Alba Gonzalez-Escalada [Espagne] ; Oumer Shafi [Éthiopie] ; Gail Davey [Royaume-Uni] ; Simon J. Brooker [Royaume-Uni] ; Amha Kebede [Éthiopie] ; Moses J. Bockarie [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases [ 1935-2727 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is essential for the delineation of endemic implementation units and determining the population at risk that will be targeted for mass drug administration (MDA). Prior to the current study, only 116 of the 832 woredas (districts) in Ethiopia had been mapped for LF. The aim of this study was to perform a nationwide mapping exercise to determine the number of people that should be targeted for MDA in 2016 when national coverage was anticipated.
A two-stage cluster purposive sampling was used to conduct a community-based cross-sectional survey for an integrated mapping of LF and podoconiosis, in seven regional states and two city administrations. Two communities in each woreda were purposely selected using the World Health Organization (WHO) mapping strategy for LF based on sampling 100 individuals per community and two purposely selected communities per woreda. Overall, 130 166 people were examined in 1315 communities in 658 woredas. In total, 140 people were found to be positive for circulating LF antigen by immunochromatographic card test (ICT) in 89 communities. Based on WHO guidelines, 75 of the 658 woredas surveyed in the nine regions were found to be endemic for LF with a 2016 projected population of 9 267 410 residing in areas of active disease transmission. Combining these results with other data it is estimated that 11 580 010 people in 112 woredas will be exposed to infection in 2016.
We have conducted nationwide mapping of LF in Ethiopia and demonstrated that the number of people living in LF endemic areas is 60% lower than current estimates. We also showed that integrated mapping of multiple NTDs is feasible and cost effective and if properly planned, can be quickly achieved at national scale.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004172
PubMed: 26539700
PubMed Central: 4634982
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Links to Exploration step
PMC:4634982Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Shrinking the Lymphatic Filariasis Map of Ethiopia: Reassessing the Population at Risk through Nationwide Mapping</title><author><name sortKey="P Rebollo, Maria" sort="P Rebollo, Maria" uniqKey="P Rebollo M" first="Maria" last="P. Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sime, Heven" sort="Sime, Heven" uniqKey="Sime H" first="Heven" last="Sime">Heven Sime</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assefa, Ashenafi" sort="Assefa, Ashenafi" uniqKey="Assefa A" first="Ashenafi" last="Assefa">Ashenafi Assefa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cano, Jorge" sort="Cano, Jorge" uniqKey="Cano J" first="Jorge" last="Cano">Jorge Cano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Escalada, Alba" sort="Gonzalez Escalada, Alba" uniqKey="Gonzalez Escalada A" first="Alba" last="Gonzalez-Escalada">Alba Gonzalez-Escalada</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shafi, Oumer" sort="Shafi, Oumer" uniqKey="Shafi O" first="Oumer" last="Shafi">Oumer Shafi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davey, Gail" sort="Davey, Gail" uniqKey="Davey G" first="Gail" last="Davey">Gail Davey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brooker, Simon J" sort="Brooker, Simon J" uniqKey="Brooker S" first="Simon J." last="Brooker">Simon J. Brooker</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kebede, Amha" sort="Kebede, Amha" uniqKey="Kebede A" first="Amha" last="Kebede">Amha Kebede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">26539700</idno><idno type="pmc">4634982</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4634982</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4634982</idno><idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004172</idno><date when="2015">2015</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000404</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000404</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000404</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000404</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000E68</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000E68</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Shrinking the Lymphatic Filariasis Map of Ethiopia: Reassessing the Population at Risk through Nationwide Mapping</title><author><name sortKey="P Rebollo, Maria" sort="P Rebollo, Maria" uniqKey="P Rebollo M" first="Maria" last="P. Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Sime, Heven" sort="Sime, Heven" uniqKey="Sime H" first="Heven" last="Sime">Heven Sime</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Assefa, Ashenafi" sort="Assefa, Ashenafi" uniqKey="Assefa A" first="Ashenafi" last="Assefa">Ashenafi Assefa</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cano, Jorge" sort="Cano, Jorge" uniqKey="Cano J" first="Jorge" last="Cano">Jorge Cano</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Escalada, Alba" sort="Gonzalez Escalada, Alba" uniqKey="Gonzalez Escalada A" first="Alba" last="Gonzalez-Escalada">Alba Gonzalez-Escalada</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff006"><addr-line>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shafi, Oumer" sort="Shafi, Oumer" uniqKey="Shafi O" first="Oumer" last="Shafi">Oumer Shafi</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff007"><addr-line>Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Davey, Gail" sort="Davey, Gail" uniqKey="Davey G" first="Gail" last="Davey">Gail Davey</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Brighton</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brooker, Simon J" sort="Brooker, Simon J" uniqKey="Brooker S" first="Simon J." last="Brooker">Simon J. Brooker</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Londres</settlement><region type="country">Angleterre</region><region type="région" nuts="1">Grand Londres</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kebede, Amha" sort="Kebede, Amha" uniqKey="Kebede A" first="Amha" last="Kebede">Amha Kebede</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</title><idno type="ISSN">1935-2727</idno><idno type="eISSN">1935-2735</idno><imprint><date when="2015">2015</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is essential for the delineation of endemic implementation units and determining the population at risk that will be targeted for mass drug administration (MDA). Prior to the current study, only 116 of the 832 woredas (districts) in Ethiopia had been mapped for LF. The aim of this study was to perform a nationwide mapping exercise to determine the number of people that should be targeted for MDA in 2016 when national coverage was anticipated.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methodology/Principal Finding</title><p>A two-stage cluster purposive sampling was used to conduct a community-based cross-sectional survey for an integrated mapping of LF and podoconiosis, in seven regional states and two city administrations. Two communities in each woreda were purposely selected using the World Health Organization (WHO) mapping strategy for LF based on sampling 100 individuals per community and two purposely selected communities per woreda. Overall, 130 166 people were examined in 1315 communities in 658 woredas. In total, 140 people were found to be positive for circulating LF antigen by immunochromatographic card test (ICT) in 89 communities. Based on WHO guidelines, 75 of the 658 woredas surveyed in the nine regions were found to be endemic for LF with a 2016 projected population of 9 267 410 residing in areas of active disease transmission. Combining these results with other data it is estimated that 11 580 010 people in 112 woredas will be exposed to infection in 2016.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Conclusions</title><p>We have conducted nationwide mapping of LF in Ethiopia and demonstrated that the number of people living in LF endemic areas is 60% lower than current estimates. We also showed that integrated mapping of multiple NTDs is feasible and cost effective and if properly planned, can be quickly achieved at national scale.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Em" uniqKey="Pedersen E">EM Pedersen</name></author><author><name sortKey="White, Gb" uniqKey="White G">GB White</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michael, E" uniqKey="Michael E">E Michael</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ottesen, Ea" uniqKey="Ottesen E">EA Ottesen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Duke, Bo" uniqKey="Duke B">BO Duke</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karam, M" uniqKey="Karam M">M Karam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Behbehani, K" uniqKey="Behbehani K">K Behbehani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kelly Hope, La" uniqKey="Kelly Hope L">LA Kelly-Hope</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rebollo, M" uniqKey="Rebollo M">M Rebollo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Molyneux, Dh" uniqKey="Molyneux D">DH Molyneux</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rebollo, Mp" uniqKey="Rebollo M">MP Rebollo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bockarie, Mj" uniqKey="Bockarie M">MJ Bockarie</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sodahlon, Yk" uniqKey="Sodahlon Y">YK Sodahlon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dorkenoo, Am" uniqKey="Dorkenoo A">AM Dorkenoo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morgah, K" uniqKey="Morgah K">K Morgah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nabiliou, K" uniqKey="Nabiliou K">K Nabiliou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Agbo, K" uniqKey="Agbo K">K Agbo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, R" uniqKey="Miller R">R Miller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hawking, F" uniqKey="Hawking F">F Hawking</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hawking, F" uniqKey="Hawking F">F Hawking</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcconnel, E" uniqKey="Mcconnel E">E McConnel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, Ml" uniqKey="Schmidt M">ML Schmidt</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sasa, M" uniqKey="Sasa M">M Sasa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shiferaw, W" uniqKey="Shiferaw W">W Shiferaw</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kebede, T" uniqKey="Kebede T">T Kebede</name></author><author><name sortKey="Graves, Pm" uniqKey="Graves P">PM Graves</name></author><author><name sortKey="Golasa, L" uniqKey="Golasa L">L Golasa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gebre, T" uniqKey="Gebre T">T Gebre</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosher, Aw" uniqKey="Mosher A">AW Mosher</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Deribe, K" uniqKey="Deribe K">K Deribe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brooker, Sj" uniqKey="Brooker S">SJ Brooker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pullan, Rl" uniqKey="Pullan R">RL Pullan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sime, H" uniqKey="Sime H">H Sime</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gebretsadik, A" uniqKey="Gebretsadik A">A Gebretsadik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assefa, A" uniqKey="Assefa A">A Assefa</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sime, H" uniqKey="Sime H">H Sime</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deribe, K" uniqKey="Deribe K">K Deribe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assefa, A" uniqKey="Assefa A">A Assefa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Newport, Mj" uniqKey="Newport M">MJ Newport</name></author><author><name sortKey="Enquselassie, F" uniqKey="Enquselassie F">F Enquselassie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gebretsadik, A" uniqKey="Gebretsadik A">A Gebretsadik</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baker, Mc" uniqKey="Baker M">MC Baker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mathieu, E" uniqKey="Mathieu E">E Mathieu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fleming, Fm" uniqKey="Fleming F">FM Fleming</name></author><author><name sortKey="Deming, M" uniqKey="Deming M">M Deming</name></author><author><name sortKey="King, Jd" uniqKey="King J">JD King</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garba, A" uniqKey="Garba A">A Garba</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jemaneh, L" uniqKey="Jemaneh L">L Jemaneh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kebede, D" uniqKey="Kebede D">D Kebede</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcconnell, E" uniqKey="Mcconnell E">E McConnell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dennis, Dt" uniqKey="Dennis D">DT Dennis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oomen, Ap" uniqKey="Oomen A">AP Oomen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oomen, Ap" uniqKey="Oomen A">AP Oomen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ughasi, J" uniqKey="Ughasi J">J Ughasi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bekard, He" uniqKey="Bekard H">HE Bekard</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coulibaly, M" uniqKey="Coulibaly M">M Coulibaly</name></author><author><name sortKey="Adabie Gomez, D" uniqKey="Adabie Gomez D">D Adabie-Gomez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gyapong, J" uniqKey="Gyapong J">J Gyapong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Appawu, M" uniqKey="Appawu M">M Appawu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wijers, Dj" uniqKey="Wijers D">DJ Wijers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kiilu, G" uniqKey="Kiilu G">G Kiilu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcmahon, Je" uniqKey="Mcmahon J">JE McMahon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Magayauka, Sa" uniqKey="Magayauka S">SA Magayauka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kolstrup, N" uniqKey="Kolstrup N">N Kolstrup</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mosha, Fw" uniqKey="Mosha F">FW Mosha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bushrod, Fm" uniqKey="Bushrod F">FM Bushrod</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abaru, De" uniqKey="Abaru D">DE Abaru</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Southgate, Ba" uniqKey="Southgate B">BA Southgate</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cano, J" uniqKey="Cano J">J Cano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rebollo, Mp" uniqKey="Rebollo M">MP Rebollo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Golding, N" uniqKey="Golding N">N Golding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pullan, Rl" uniqKey="Pullan R">RL Pullan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crellen, T" uniqKey="Crellen T">T Crellen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Soler, A" uniqKey="Soler A">A Soler</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lindsay, Sw" uniqKey="Lindsay S">SW Lindsay</name></author><author><name sortKey="Thomas, Cj" uniqKey="Thomas C">CJ Thomas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Slater, H" uniqKey="Slater H">H Slater</name></author><author><name sortKey="Michael, E" uniqKey="Michael E">E Michael</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">PLoS Negl Trop Dis</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">plos</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">plosntds</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1935-2727</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1935-2735</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Public Library of Science</publisher-name><publisher-loc>San Francisco, CA USA</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26539700</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4634982</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1371/journal.pntd.0004172</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">PNTD-D-15-00649</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Shrinking the Lymphatic Filariasis Map of Ethiopia: Reassessing the Population at Risk through Nationwide Mapping</article-title><alt-title alt-title-type="running-head">Shrinking the Lymphatic Filariasis Map: Ethiopia National LF Mapping</alt-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>P. Rebollo</surname><given-names>Maria</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="currentaff001"><sup>¤</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Sime</surname><given-names>Heven</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Assefa</surname><given-names>Ashenafi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cano</surname><given-names>Jorge</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deribe</surname><given-names>Kebede</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff005"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gonzalez-Escalada</surname><given-names>Alba</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff006"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shafi</surname><given-names>Oumer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff007"><sup>7</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davey</surname><given-names>Gail</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff004"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brooker</surname><given-names>Simon J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff003"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kebede</surname><given-names>Amha</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff002"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bockarie</surname><given-names>Moses J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff001"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref rid="cor001" ref-type="corresp">*</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff001"><label>1</label><addr-line>Centre for Neglected Tropical Diseases, Department of Parasitology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff002"><label>2</label><addr-line>Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff003"><label>3</label><addr-line>London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff004"><label>4</label><addr-line>Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, Brighton, United Kingdom</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff005"><label>5</label><addr-line>School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff006"><label>6</label><addr-line>Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Rey Juan Carlos University, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></aff><aff id="aff007"><label>7</label><addr-line>Federal Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</addr-line></aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Bethony</surname><given-names>Jeffrey Michael</given-names></name><role>Editor</role><xref ref-type="aff" rid="edit1"></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="edit1"><addr-line>George Washington University, UNITED STATES</addr-line></aff><author-notes><fn fn-type="conflict" id="coi001"><p>The authors have declared no competing interests.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con" id="contrib001"><p>Conceived and designed the experiments: MJB MPR. Performed the experiments: MPR HS KD AA OS AK. Analyzed the data: MPR JC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MPR JC. Wrote the paper: MJB MPR JC SJB GD AGE OS AK.</p></fn><fn fn-type="current-aff" id="currentaff001"><label>¤</label><p>Current address: Neglected Tropical Diseases Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, Georgia, United States of America</p></fn><corresp id="cor001">* E-mail: <email>moses.bockarie@lstmed.ac.uk</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>5</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>11</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>11</issue><elocation-id>e0004172</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day><month>4</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>9</month><year>2015</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-year>2015</copyright-year><copyright-holder>P. Rebollo et al</copyright-holder><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</ext-link>, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pntd.0004172.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec id="sec001"><title>Background</title><p>Mapping of lymphatic filariasis (LF) is essential for the delineation of endemic implementation units and determining the population at risk that will be targeted for mass drug administration (MDA). Prior to the current study, only 116 of the 832 woredas (districts) in Ethiopia had been mapped for LF. The aim of this study was to perform a nationwide mapping exercise to determine the number of people that should be targeted for MDA in 2016 when national coverage was anticipated.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methodology/Principal Finding</title><p>A two-stage cluster purposive sampling was used to conduct a community-based cross-sectional survey for an integrated mapping of LF and podoconiosis, in seven regional states and two city administrations. Two communities in each woreda were purposely selected using the World Health Organization (WHO) mapping strategy for LF based on sampling 100 individuals per community and two purposely selected communities per woreda. Overall, 130 166 people were examined in 1315 communities in 658 woredas. In total, 140 people were found to be positive for circulating LF antigen by immunochromatographic card test (ICT) in 89 communities. Based on WHO guidelines, 75 of the 658 woredas surveyed in the nine regions were found to be endemic for LF with a 2016 projected population of 9 267 410 residing in areas of active disease transmission. Combining these results with other data it is estimated that 11 580 010 people in 112 woredas will be exposed to infection in 2016.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Conclusions</title><p>We have conducted nationwide mapping of LF in Ethiopia and demonstrated that the number of people living in LF endemic areas is 60% lower than current estimates. We also showed that integrated mapping of multiple NTDs is feasible and cost effective and if properly planned, can be quickly achieved at national scale.</p></sec></abstract><abstract abstract-type="summary"><title>Author Summary</title><p>About 1.4 billion people are believed to be living in areas where Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is actively transmitted. However, the distribution of this disfiguring mosquito-borne parasitic disease and the true population at risk that can be targeted for treatment have not been defined for all endemic countries. By 2013, Ethiopia had not delineated the majority of the endemic implementation units that can be targeted for MDA. Here, we present the results of a nationwide mapping exercise conducted in 2013 to determine the number of people that should be targeted for treatment in 2016 when nationwide treatment coverage is expected. We adopted a two-stage cluster purposive sampling method for the integrated mapping of LF and podoconiosis in seven regional states and two city administrations. Using a WHO mapping strategy for LF, based on sampling 100 individuals per community ICT positive individuals (ICT+) and two purposely selected communities per district, we examined 130 166 people in 1315 communities in 658 districts. Only 140 people were found to be positive for LF antigen in 89 different communities. According to WHO guidelines, 75 of the 658 districts surveyed in the 9 regions were found to be LF endemic. Including the 37 endemic <italic>Woredas</italic> identified enprior to this study, 112 <italic>woredas</italic> across the country are known to be endemic for the disease with 11 580 010 people exposed to infection. However 6 190 482 of those resided in <italic>woredas</italic> where our survey results were borderline with only one ICT positive individual identified. We have demonstrated that the number of people living in areas of active LF transmission is at least 60% lower than current WHO estimates of 30 million. We also showed that integrated mapping of multiple NTDs is feasible and cost effective. However, the sensitivity of the diagnostic test used for LF is less than 100% and the identification of a single ICT positive adult may not provide evidence of disease transmission. Based on these limitations, and in addition to the restricted geographical representation of just two sites within a <italic>woreda</italic>, we recommend conducting research in the 45 <italic>woredas</italic> with borderline results (one ICT+) to shrink the denominator even further.</p></abstract><funding-group><funding-statement>This study was supported by funding from DFID, End Fund and Wellcome Trust. The funders of this study had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</funding-statement></funding-group><counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count><table-count count="1"></table-count><page-count count="15"></page-count></counts><custom-meta-group><custom-meta id="data-availability"><meta-name>Data Availability</meta-name><meta-value>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta><notes><title>Data Availability</title><p>All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.</p></notes></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Angleterre</li><li>Communauté de Madrid</li><li>Grand Londres</li></region><settlement><li>Londres</li><li>Madrid</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="P Rebollo, Maria" sort="P Rebollo, Maria" uniqKey="P Rebollo M" first="Maria" last="P. Rebollo">Maria P. Rebollo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Bockarie, Moses J" sort="Bockarie, Moses J" uniqKey="Bockarie M" first="Moses J." last="Bockarie">Moses J. Bockarie</name><name sortKey="Brooker, Simon J" sort="Brooker, Simon J" uniqKey="Brooker S" first="Simon J." last="Brooker">Simon J. Brooker</name><name sortKey="Cano, Jorge" sort="Cano, Jorge" uniqKey="Cano J" first="Jorge" last="Cano">Jorge Cano</name><name sortKey="Davey, Gail" sort="Davey, Gail" uniqKey="Davey G" first="Gail" last="Davey">Gail Davey</name><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Sime, Heven" sort="Sime, Heven" uniqKey="Sime H" first="Heven" last="Sime">Heven Sime</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Assefa, Ashenafi" sort="Assefa, Ashenafi" uniqKey="Assefa A" first="Ashenafi" last="Assefa">Ashenafi Assefa</name><name sortKey="Deribe, Kebede" sort="Deribe, Kebede" uniqKey="Deribe K" first="Kebede" last="Deribe">Kebede Deribe</name><name sortKey="Kebede, Amha" sort="Kebede, Amha" uniqKey="Kebede A" first="Amha" last="Kebede">Amha Kebede</name><name sortKey="Shafi, Oumer" sort="Shafi, Oumer" uniqKey="Shafi O" first="Oumer" last="Shafi">Oumer Shafi</name></country><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="Gonzalez Escalada, Alba" sort="Gonzalez Escalada, Alba" uniqKey="Gonzalez Escalada A" first="Alba" last="Gonzalez-Escalada">Alba Gonzalez-Escalada</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Sante/explor/LymphedemaV1/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E68 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000E68 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Sante
|area= LymphedemaV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Checkpoint
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:4634982
|texte= Shrinking the Lymphatic Filariasis Map of Ethiopia: Reassessing the Population at Risk through Nationwide Mapping
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:26539700" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a LymphedemaV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |