External Volume Expansion Modulates Vascular Growth and Functional Maturation in a Swine Model
Identifieur interne : 000964 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000963; suivant : 000965External Volume Expansion Modulates Vascular Growth and Functional Maturation in a Swine Model
Auteurs : Huang-Kai Kao [Taïwan] ; Hsiang-Hao Hsu [Taïwan] ; Wen-Yu Chuang [Taïwan] ; Sheng-Chih Chen [Taïwan] ; Bin Chen [États-Unis] ; Shinn-Chih Wu [Taïwan] ; Lifei Guo [États-Unis]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Despite increasing application of the pre-grafting expansion during autologous fat transplantation in breast reconstruction, little is known about its mechanism of action. To address that, ventral skins of miniature pigs were treated over a 10-day or 21-day period, with continuous suction at −50 mm Hg via a 7-cm diameter rubber-lined suction-cup device. Soft tissue thickness increased immediately after this external volume expansion (EVE) treatment, such increase completely disappeared by the next day. In the dermis and subcutaneous fat, the EVE treated groups showed significant increases in blood vessel density evident by CD31 staining as well as in vascular networks layered with smooth muscle cells when compared with the control group. This finding was corroborated by the increased percentage of endothelial cells present in the treatment groups. There was no significant difference in the percentages of proliferating basal keratinocytes or adipocytes, nor in epidermal thickness. Moreover, the EVE had no effect on proliferation or differentiation potential of adipose stem cells. Taken together, the major effects of EVE appeared to be vascular remodeling and maturation of functional blood vessels. This understanding may help clinicians optimize the vascularity of the recipient bed to further improve fat graft survival.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/srep25865
PubMed: 27174509
PubMed Central: 4865724
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">External Volume Expansion Modulates Vascular Growth and Functional Maturation in a Swine Model</title><author><name sortKey="Kao, Huang Kai" sort="Kao, Huang Kai" uniqKey="Kao H" first="Huang-Kai" last="Kao">Huang-Kai Kao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a1"><institution>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, Hsiang Hao" sort="Hsu, Hsiang Hao" uniqKey="Hsu H" first="Hsiang-Hao" last="Hsu">Hsiang-Hao Hsu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a2"><institution>Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Division of Critical Care Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chuang, Wen Yu" sort="Chuang, Wen Yu" uniqKey="Chuang W" first="Wen-Yu" last="Chuang">Wen-Yu Chuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Sheng Chih" sort="Chen, Sheng Chih" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Sheng-Chih" last="Chen">Sheng-Chih Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University</institution>, Taipei,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Bin" sort="Chen, Bin" uniqKey="Chen B" first="Bin" last="Chen">Bin Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Plastic Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center</institution>, Burlington, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Shinn Chih" sort="Wu, Shinn Chih" uniqKey="Wu S" first="Shinn-Chih" last="Wu">Shinn-Chih Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University</institution>, Taipei,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Lifei" sort="Guo, Lifei" uniqKey="Guo L" first="Lifei" last="Guo">Lifei Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Plastic Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center</institution>, Burlington, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27174509</idno><idno type="pmc">4865724</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4865724</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4865724</idno><idno type="doi">10.1038/srep25865</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000965</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000965</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000965</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000965</idno><idno 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id="a2"><institution>Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Division of Critical Care Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chuang, Wen Yu" sort="Chuang, Wen Yu" uniqKey="Chuang W" first="Wen-Yu" last="Chuang">Wen-Yu Chuang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a3"><institution>Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Sheng Chih" sort="Chen, Sheng Chih" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Sheng-Chih" last="Chen">Sheng-Chih Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University</institution>, Taipei,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Bin" sort="Chen, Bin" uniqKey="Chen B" first="Bin" last="Chen">Bin Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Plastic Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center</institution>, Burlington, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wu, Shinn Chih" sort="Wu, Shinn Chih" uniqKey="Wu S" first="Shinn-Chih" last="Wu">Shinn-Chih Wu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a4"><institution>Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University</institution>, Taipei,<country>Taiwan</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Guo, Lifei" sort="Guo, Lifei" uniqKey="Guo L" first="Lifei" last="Guo">Lifei Guo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="a5"><institution>Department of Plastic Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center</institution>, Burlington, MA,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title><idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Despite increasing application of the pre-grafting expansion during autologous fat transplantation in breast reconstruction, little is known about its mechanism of action. To address that, ventral skins of miniature pigs were treated over a 10-day or 21-day period, with continuous suction at −50 mm Hg via a 7-cm diameter rubber-lined suction-cup device. Soft tissue thickness increased immediately after this external volume expansion (EVE) treatment, such increase completely disappeared by the next day. In the dermis and subcutaneous fat, the EVE treated groups showed significant increases in blood vessel density evident by CD31 staining as well as in vascular networks layered with smooth muscle cells when compared with the control group. This finding was corroborated by the increased percentage of endothelial cells present in the treatment groups. There was no significant difference in the percentages of proliferating basal keratinocytes or adipocytes, nor in epidermal thickness. Moreover, the EVE had no effect on proliferation or differentiation potential of adipose stem cells. Taken together, the major effects of EVE appeared to be vascular remodeling and maturation of functional blood vessels. This understanding may help clinicians optimize the vascularity of the recipient bed to further improve fat graft survival.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khouri, R K" uniqKey="Khouri R">R. K. Khouri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schlenz, I" uniqKey="Schlenz I">I. Schlenz</name></author><author><name sortKey="Murphy, B J" uniqKey="Murphy B">B. J. Murphy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baker, D J" uniqKey="Baker D">D. J. Baker</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Khouri, R K" uniqKey="Khouri R">R. K. Khouri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rigotti, G" uniqKey="Rigotti G">G. Rigotti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cardoso, E" uniqKey="Cardoso E">E. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27174509</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4865724</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pii">srep25865</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/srep25865</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>External Volume Expansion Modulates Vascular Growth and Functional Maturation in a Swine Model</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kao</surname><given-names>Huang-Kai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hsu</surname><given-names>Hsiang-Hao</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chuang</surname><given-names>Wen-Yu</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Sheng-Chih</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Bin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wu</surname><given-names>Shinn-Chih</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a4">4</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Guo</surname><given-names>Lifei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1">a</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="a5">5</xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="n1">*</xref></contrib><aff id="a1"><label>1</label><institution>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></aff><aff id="a2"><label>2</label><institution>Kidney Research Center, Department of Nephrology, Division of Critical Care Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></aff><aff id="a3"><label>3</label><institution>Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital & Chang Gung University College of Medicine</institution>, Tao-Yuan,<country>Taiwan</country></aff><aff id="a4"><label>4</label><institution>Department of Animal Science, National Taiwan University</institution>, Taipei,<country>Taiwan</country></aff><aff id="a5"><label>5</label><institution>Department of Plastic Surgery, Lahey Hospital & Medical Center</institution>, Burlington, MA,<country>USA</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="c1"><label>a</label><email>lifei.guo@lahey.org</email></corresp><fn id="n1"><label>*</label><p>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>13</day><month>05</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><elocation-id>25865</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>11</month><year>2015</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016, Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Macmillan Publishers Limited</copyright-holder><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><pmc-comment>author-paid</pmc-comment>
<license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Despite increasing application of the pre-grafting expansion during autologous fat transplantation in breast reconstruction, little is known about its mechanism of action. To address that, ventral skins of miniature pigs were treated over a 10-day or 21-day period, with continuous suction at −50 mm Hg via a 7-cm diameter rubber-lined suction-cup device. Soft tissue thickness increased immediately after this external volume expansion (EVE) treatment, such increase completely disappeared by the next day. In the dermis and subcutaneous fat, the EVE treated groups showed significant increases in blood vessel density evident by CD31 staining as well as in vascular networks layered with smooth muscle cells when compared with the control group. This finding was corroborated by the increased percentage of endothelial cells present in the treatment groups. There was no significant difference in the percentages of proliferating basal keratinocytes or adipocytes, nor in epidermal thickness. Moreover, the EVE had no effect on proliferation or differentiation potential of adipose stem cells. Taken together, the major effects of EVE appeared to be vascular remodeling and maturation of functional blood vessels. This understanding may help clinicians optimize the vascularity of the recipient bed to further improve fat graft survival.</p></abstract></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><title>Histomorphometrical changes of subcutaneous fat.</title><p>(<bold>A</bold>) In EVE treated groups, the vascular networks in subcutaneous fat were stabilized by progressive lumenization and specialization of vessel wall for structural support (magnification; upper panel: 40Χ, lower panel: 200Χ). (<bold>B</bold>) Measurement of adipocyte size and numbers using Adiposoft software. There was no difference between the control groups and EVE treated groups.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep25865-f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Immunofluorescence stain with PECAM-1 (CD31) for neovascularization in dermis and subcutaneous fat (magnification: 200Χ). (<bold>B</bold>) Immunohistochemistry stain with α-SMA for vascular networks in subcutaneous fat (magnification: 200Χ). (<bold>C,D</bold>) In dermis and subcutaneous fat, the EVE-treated groups showed significant increases in calculated blood vessel density when compared with the control groups (<italic>n</italic> = 6 per group; *<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). (<bold>E</bold>) The EVE-treated groups demonstrated a significant increase in vascular networks layered with α-SMA (<italic>n</italic> = 6 per group; *<italic>p</italic> < 0.05).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep25865-f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Immunohistochemistry stain with Ki67 for cell proliferation in basal keratinocytes and adipocytes (magnification: 200Χ). (<bold>B</bold>) There was no difference in the percentage of basal keratinocyte and adipocytes labeled with Ki67 (<italic>n</italic> = 6 per group; *<italic>p</italic> < 0.05). (<bold>C</bold>) No difference in epidermal thickness across all groups.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep25865-f3"></graphic></fig><fig id="f4"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><title>Proliferation and differentiation potentials of adipose stem cells (ASCs) from control and EVE treated groups.</title><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Doubling time of P0 ASCs. No difference was noted across all groups. (<bold>B</bold>) Number of colonies formed after 7 days of culture at initial plating of 5000 ASCs for each group. (<bold>C,D</bold>) Adipogenic differentiation (Oil-Red O stain) in ASCs of each group responding to differentiating medium after 21 days. Differentiation levels varied between groups but not significantly as evident by colorimetrical evaluation of Oil-Red O uptake from counting Oil-Red O positive cells.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep25865-f4"></graphic></fig><fig id="f5"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Immunophenotype of adipose stem cells (ASCs) of each group revealed very similar expression patterns of surface markers. Flow cytometry analysis showed the expressions of CD29, CD44, CD90, and CD105 were at high levels and the expression of CD34 was at a lower level. (<bold>B</bold>) Representative plotted data of SVF cells using multicolor flow cytometry analysis. CD45<sup>+</sup> cells were regarded as blood-derived cells, whereas CD45<sup>–</sup> cells were regarded as ASCs and processed to the next analysis. CD45<sup>–</sup>CD31<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>+</sup> cells, CD45<sup>–</sup>CD31<sup>+</sup> CD34<sup>+</sup> cells, and CD45<sup>–</sup>CD31<sup>–</sup>CD34<sup>–</sup> cells were regarded as ASCs, endothelial cells, and other cells (fibroblasts, mural cells, and others), respectively. No difference in the ratio of ASCs across the groups. The percentage of endothelial cells of EVE treated groups significantly increased when compared to the control group (8.1 ± 1.9% in the control groups, 15.2 ± 3.0% in the 10-day treated groups, and 20.3 ± 3.8% in the 21-day treated groups) (<italic>n</italic> = 6 per group; *<italic>p</italic> < 0.05 <italic>vs</italic>. control, and **<italic>p</italic> < 0.01 <italic>vs.</italic> control & <italic>p</italic> < 0.05 <italic>vs</italic>. 10-day treated groups). (<bold>C</bold>) No difference was noted in the total number of ASCs and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep25865-f5"></graphic></fig><fig id="f6"><label>Figure 6</label><caption><p>(<bold>A</bold>) Study groups and timechart of experimental design. (<bold>B</bold>) The treatment pattern. The EVE treated groups were subjected to a continuous suction at −50 mmHg during the same 8 hours (0900 to 1700) time intervals per day. (<bold>C</bold>) A dome-shaped rubber device with a diameter of 7 cm was designed and connected to a suction pump (VAC Instill, KCI, San Antonio, Texas) at a pressure of −50 mmHg. The device was applied to the ventral skin of the pig, 6 cm lateral to each single row of mammary glands. The suction procedure was conducted on two sites of each side at a time, with each site allocated to either a 10-days or a 21-days treatment time.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="srep25865-f6"></graphic></fig><table-wrap position="float" id="t1"><label>Table 1</label><caption><title>Measurement of soft tissue thickness by ultrasonography.</title></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups" border="1"><colgroup><col align="left"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col><col align="center"></col></colgroup><thead valign="bottom"><tr><th rowspan="3" align="center" valign="bottom" charoff="50"> </th><th colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Average soft tissue thickness (mm)</th><th colspan="2" align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>p</italic> value</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" align="center" valign="bottom" charoff="50">Pre-EVE</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Immediate</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Before</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Immediate</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">Before sampling</th></tr><tr><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">after EVE</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">sampling</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>vs.</italic> Pre-EVE</th><th align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><italic>vs.</italic> Pre-EVE</th></tr></thead><tbody valign="top"><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">10 days (n = 4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13.13 ± 0.98</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15.7 ± 0.99</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13.2 ± 1.04</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><0.01</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.38</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="top" charoff="50">21 days (n = 4)</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13.24 ± 0.99</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">15.9 ± 1.02</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">13.3 ± 1.01</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50"><0.01</td><td align="center" valign="top" charoff="50">0.41</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="t1-fn1"><p>EVE, external volume expansion.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Taïwan</li><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="Taïwan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kao, Huang Kai" sort="Kao, Huang Kai" uniqKey="Kao H" first="Huang-Kai" last="Kao">Huang-Kai Kao</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Sheng Chih" sort="Chen, Sheng Chih" uniqKey="Chen S" first="Sheng-Chih" last="Chen">Sheng-Chih Chen</name><name sortKey="Chuang, Wen Yu" sort="Chuang, Wen Yu" uniqKey="Chuang W" first="Wen-Yu" last="Chuang">Wen-Yu Chuang</name><name sortKey="Hsu, Hsiang Hao" sort="Hsu, Hsiang Hao" uniqKey="Hsu H" first="Hsiang-Hao" last="Hsu">Hsiang-Hao Hsu</name><name sortKey="Wu, Shinn Chih" sort="Wu, Shinn Chih" uniqKey="Wu S" first="Shinn-Chih" last="Wu">Shinn-Chih Wu</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Bin" sort="Chen, Bin" uniqKey="Chen B" first="Bin" last="Chen">Bin Chen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Guo, Lifei" sort="Guo, Lifei" uniqKey="Guo L" first="Lifei" last="Guo">Lifei Guo</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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