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6th Annual Conference of Indian Brachytherapy Society 2016 (IBSCON 2016) Proceedings

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6th Annual Conference of Indian Brachytherapy Society 2016 (IBSCON 2016) Proceedings

Auteurs : Venkatesan Srinivasan ; Thayalan Kuppusamy ; Rajendra L. Bhalavat ; Umesh Mahantshetty

Source :

Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy [ 1689-832X ] ; 2016.

RBID : PMC:5116458
Url:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5116458

DOI: 10.5114/jcb.2016.63462
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 5116458

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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">6<sup>th</sup>
 Annual Conference of Indian Brachytherapy Society 2016 (IBSCON 2016) Proceedings</title>
<author><name sortKey="Srinivasan, Venkatesan" sort="Srinivasan, Venkatesan" uniqKey="Srinivasan V" first="Venkatesan" last="Srinivasan">Venkatesan Srinivasan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuppusamy, Thayalan" sort="Kuppusamy, Thayalan" uniqKey="Kuppusamy T" first="Thayalan" last="Kuppusamy">Thayalan Kuppusamy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhalavat, Rajendra L" sort="Bhalavat, Rajendra L" uniqKey="Bhalavat R" first="Rajendra L." last="Bhalavat">Rajendra L. Bhalavat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahantshetty, Umesh" sort="Mahantshetty, Umesh" uniqKey="Mahantshetty U" first="Umesh" last="Mahantshetty">Umesh Mahantshetty</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">6<sup>th</sup>
 Annual Conference of Indian Brachytherapy Society 2016 (IBSCON 2016) Proceedings</title>
<author><name sortKey="Srinivasan, Venkatesan" sort="Srinivasan, Venkatesan" uniqKey="Srinivasan V" first="Venkatesan" last="Srinivasan">Venkatesan Srinivasan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuppusamy, Thayalan" sort="Kuppusamy, Thayalan" uniqKey="Kuppusamy T" first="Thayalan" last="Kuppusamy">Thayalan Kuppusamy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhalavat, Rajendra L" sort="Bhalavat, Rajendra L" uniqKey="Bhalavat R" first="Rajendra L." last="Bhalavat">Rajendra L. Bhalavat</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mahantshetty, Umesh" sort="Mahantshetty, Umesh" uniqKey="Mahantshetty U" first="Umesh" last="Mahantshetty">Umesh Mahantshetty</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1689-832X</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2081-2841</idno>
<imprint><date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
  <front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5116458</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">28659</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5114/jcb.2016.63462</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>6<sup>th</sup>
 Annual Conference of Indian Brachytherapy Society 2016 (IBSCON 2016) Proceedings</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Srinivasan</surname>
<given-names>Venkatesan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuppusamy</surname>
<given-names>Thayalan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhalavat</surname>
<given-names>Rajendra L.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Mahantshetty</surname>
<given-names>Umesh</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><collab>on behalf of Indian Brachytherapy Society</collab>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">E-mail for correspondence: <email xlink:href="drumeshm@gmail.com">drumeshm@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>455</fpage>
<lpage>460</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
</article-meta>
</front>
<sub-article id="sa1" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: A. Best Paper Award Session</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[1] Long term results and late toxicity in endometrial adenocarcinoma patients treated with radiotherapy: seven-year results from a single institution</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yathiraj</surname>
<given-names>Prahlad H.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Uday P.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sharan</surname>
<given-names>Krishna</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Singh</surname>
<given-names>Anshul</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reddy</surname>
<given-names>Anusha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fernandes</surname>
<given-names>Donald</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vidyasagar</surname>
<given-names>M.S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>461</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s1"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To report the incidence, severity, and time of onset of late toxicities in patients of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EA) treated with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) + brachytherapy (BT), or vaginal brachytherapy (VBT) alone.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s2"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Archives of a single institution from 2008-2015 were studied. The indications for EBRT and VBT were based on standard recommendations. EBRT was planned to 50 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks/3DCRT with 4-field ‘box’ technique on a dual energy linear accelerator. VBT was planned using appropriate vaginal cylinder treating upper half of vaginal cuff, prescribed 5 mm from vaginal surface using Ir-192 micro-Selectron to doses of 4 Gy x 4 fractions/4 days or 6 Gy x 5 fractions/ 7 days with or without EBRT, respectively. Intra-cavitary BT (ICBT) was prescribed to point A to 7 Gy x 3 fractions once weekly. Survival was calculated from Kaplan-Meier curves, and toxicity was recorded using CTCAE V3.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s3"><title>Results</title>
<p>Of 120 patients registered, 19 were excluded due to inadequate follow-up. Among the 63 patients who received RT, 18 received VBT alone and 40 received adjuvant EBRT + VBT. Five patients received definitive EBRT + ICBT, all of whom are disease free with median follow-up of 36.5 (range: 18-76) months. With median follow-up of 30 (range: 0.8-81) months, median DFS and OS were 79.2% and 75.7%, respectively in the adjuvant RT setting. Cystitis, proctitis, and enteritis was reported in 7% (all grade I/II), 17% (9% grade I/II and 8% grade III), and 5% (all grade I/II), respectively. All toxicities were seen in the EBRT arm. EBRT resulted in significantly higher proctitis than VBT alone (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.02). The median time to cystitis, proctitis, and enteritis were 27, 17, and 28 months, respectively.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s4"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>With the use of 3D-CRT in endometrial adenocarcinoma, late toxicity rates appear low and mild, however EBRT leads to significantly higher proctitis than VBT alone.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sa2" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: A. Best Paper Award Session</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[2] Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in image guided adaptive brachytherapy (IGABT) for cervical cancer</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Rishabh</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kala</surname>
<given-names>Prachi</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narayanan</surname>
<given-names>Geeta S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mandal</surname>
<given-names>Sanjeet</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>461</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s5"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>T2 weighted MRI is recommended for IGABT in cervical cancer. HRCTV (volume for optimization) contains suspicious grey zones that are contoured subjectively on case to case basis. Whether these zones contain macroscopic residual, the disease is unknown. DWI and the derived ADC are functional imaging that may add additional biological information on these grey zones. The objectives were: 1. To investigate the presence or absence of abnormal ADC outside the HRCTV contours as defined by GEC ESTRO; 2. To objectively define the extent of HRCTV contours in the suspicious grey zones with the help of ADC derived from diffusion weighted imaging (DWI).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s6"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>30 patients with biopsy proven squamous cell carcinoma of cervix were included. These 30 patients were divided into 3 groups of 10 selectively chosen patients, based on commonly experienced clinical scenario: 1<sup>st</sup>
 group: large parametrial disease and near complete response post EBRT; 2<sup>nd</sup>
 group: large parametria poor response; 3<sup>rd</sup>
 group: no parametria and near complete response. All patients underwent a diagnostic MRI of abdomen and pelvis along with DWI. ADC maps were derived using three levels of b values 0, 600, 1000 s/mm<sup>2</sup>
 from DWI ADC for the following regions were calculated. Tumor, tumor edge, 1 cm lateral to tumor edge and 5 mm medial to obturator internus in the parametrial region. Post EBRT MRI was taken after the 1<sup>st</sup>
 application of brachytherapy along with DWI and ADC was derived; HRCTV was contoured using GEC ESTRO guidelines on T2W para axial images, and fused with DWI and ADC images. ADC was again calculated for the same areas (as mentioned earlier) on the brachytherapy MRI with respect to the HRCTV contours, and it was investigated whether the abnormal ADC lies inside or outside the contours.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s7"><title>Results and conclusion</title>
<p>Discussed during the Conference.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sa3" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: A. Best Paper Award Session</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[3] Single institute experience of high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy for head and neck malignancies with curative intent and use of angio-catheters as carriers of Iridium – 192 implants</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vibhay</surname>
<given-names>Pareek</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rajendra</surname>
<given-names>Bhalavat</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Manish</surname>
<given-names>Chandra</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lalitha</surname>
<given-names>Nellore</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pratibha</surname>
<given-names>Bauskar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Karishma</surname>
<given-names>George</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dipalee</surname>
<given-names>Borade</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ketan</surname>
<given-names>Kalariya</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zaiba</surname>
<given-names>Moosa</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Nanda</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy and Oncology, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Mumbai, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>462</fpage>
<lpage>462</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s8"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To evaluate the treatment outcomes with HDR interstitial brachytherapy in head and neck cancers at our Institute with use of angio-catheters as carrier source of Iridium-192 wire implants, a retrospective analysis was carried out.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s9"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>58 patients with head and neck malignancies of varying TNM staging as per AJCC staging criteria were analyzed retrospectively between 2008 and 2015. 42 patients (72.41%) received EBRT with HDR-BT and 26 patients (27.59%) received BT alone. 23 patients (39.65%) received concurrent chemotherapy. The age group ranged from 27 to 81 years (median age: 56 years) with 41 patients (70.69%) males and 17 patients (29.31%) females. HDR-BT was delivered with Iridium- 192 wire implants using plastic bead techniques with varying dose rates. The biological equivalent doses (BED) were calculated for both BT and EBRT keeping α/β = 10 for tumor and α/β = 3 for normal tissue and subsequently median BED doses were calculated; similarly, 2 Gy equivalent dose (EQD<sub>2</sub>
) were calculated and loco-regional control and disease free survival was assessed.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s10"><title>Results</title>
<p>After completion of HDR-BT, patients were followed-up one month later and subsequently every 3 months for first 2 years and thereafter every 6 months with median follow-up period of 25 months (range: 2-84 months). The DFS probability at year 1 was 82.76% and 68.05% at year 7. The overall survival probability was 91.37% at year 1 and 85.89% at year 5. The local control rate was 67.27% and control rates according to the stage of disease and T size classification are mentioned in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t0001">Table 1</xref>
. The rate of local recurrence was 8.62%, regional recurrence was 1.72%, loco-regional failure was 3.44%, and distant metastases following local or regional failure was 17.23%. The Median BED for α/β = 10 was 86.775 Gy, and DFS was 74.07% in patients receiving more than 86.775 Gy; DFS was 64.82% in patients receiving less than 86.775 Gy and median BED for α/β = 3 was 128.76 Gy; DFS was 74.07 in patients receiving more than 128.76 Gy as compared to 64.82% in patients receiving less than 128.76 Gy. The median EQD<sub>2</sub>
 for α/β = 10 was 71.6 Gy, and for α/β = 3 was 75.85 Gy. The DFS was 75.86% in patients receiving more than median dose of 71.6 Gy compared to 61.53% in those receiving less than the median dose. The DFS was 78.57% in patients receiving median dose of 75.85 Gy as compared to 59.26% in those receiving less than the median dose.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s11"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The overall outcome in patients with oral cavity and oropharyngeal malignancies was good with implementing of HDR – interstitial brachytherapy and use of angio-catheters as carriers of Iridium-192 wire. The BED<sub>10</sub>
 value of 86.775 Gy and BED<sub>3</sub>
 of 128.76 Gy showed that the dose received more than the median reported better outcomes in the form of DFS. The EQD<sub>2</sub>
 calculated values suggested the dose received more than 71.6 Gy (α/β = 10) and 75.85 Gy (α/β = 3) showed better outcomes. The role of HDR interstitial brachytherapy in head and neck cancers is a proven, effective, and safe treatment method with excellent long term outcome.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sa4" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: A. Best Paper Award Session</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[4] Accelerated partial breast irradiation with interstitial brachytherapy – a single institute experience</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sasikala</surname>
<given-names>P.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bilimaga</surname>
<given-names>Ramesh S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gopinath</surname>
<given-names>K.S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Punitha</surname>
<given-names>Ravind R.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Health Care Global Enterprises (Bangalore Institute of Oncology) Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>462</fpage>
<lpage>462</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s12"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) is a rapidly evolving technique in the management of early breast carcinoma with favorable prognostic factors. With an aim to assess the local control and overall survival in early breast carcinoma treated with APBI.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s13"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>41 patients from 2007-2015 with early breast carcinoma treated in our tertiary cancer care center were included in this study. All patients underwent breast conservation surgery with axillary dissection followed by APBI using interstitial brachytherapy technique. Catheters were implanted in 2 planes superficial and deep with each catheter placed 1 cm apart. CT scan was done and CTV was contoured to include tumor cavity with 2 cm margins. CTV was edited 5 mm below the skin. Brachytherapy plans were approved as per ABS recommendations with > 90% of the target receiving 90% of the prescribed dose. V<sub>150</sub>
 < 70 cc, V<sub>200</sub>
 < 20 cc, and skin dose < 100%. Radiation was delivered with 34 Gy in 10 fractions with an interfractional interval of 6 hours, 2 fractions per day for 5 consecutive days.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s14"><title>Results</title>
<p>The median age of patients was 60 yrs., with T1 – 61% (25), T2 – 39% (16), luminal type A – 71% and type B – 29%. All patients had margin and node negative. The median follow-up period was 27 months (range: 12-90). 30 patients were disease free, 2 patients had local recurrence, and 9 patients were to lost follow-up. Kaplan-Meier test was used for survival analysis. The median overall survival was 31 months. None of the patient had acute skin toxicity and had good cosmesis results on long term follow-up.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s15"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>APBI is a promising option for early breast carcinoma with favorable prognostic factor. In future, APBI shall be the gold standard for early breast carcinoma, since local recurrences occur more in and around the tumor cavity.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb1" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[1] Computed tomography based volumetric brachytherapy planning for cervical cancer: an early experience from a single institution</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Avinash</surname>
<given-names>H.U.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nirmala</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muzumder</surname>
<given-names>Sandeep</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suparna</surname>
<given-names>H.C.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shariff</surname>
<given-names>Mazhar H.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>St. John’s Medical College Hospital, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, Karanataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>463</fpage>
<lpage>463</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s16"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Brachytherapy is essential component in management of cervix carcinoma. Volumetric MR image based brachytherapy is the current standard of care. However, many centers do not have MRI or MR compatible applicators in our country. The aim of present study is to analyze the outcome of patients treated with computed tomography based brachytherapy planning. The objective of the present study is to assess local control, acute and chronic complications in patients treated with this technique.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s17"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>All cases of cervix carcinoma treated with definitive radiotherapy from April 2013 till December 2015 were analyzed. Definitive radiotherapy included external beam radiotherapy (with concurrent platinum based chemotherapy) followed by brachytherapy. <italic>Brachytherapy technique</italic>
: All patients underwent HDR brachytherapy on Cobalt-60 remote afterloading machine. Intracavitary or interstitial application was decided based on parametrial involvement and favorable anatomy. Two applications were done one week apart, 2 fractions of 7 Gy (HDR) were delivered to target volume in each application 4-6 hours apart. All patients underwent CT simulation for planning, the bladder, rectum, sigmoid, small bowel, and PTV (gross residual disease at the time of application) were contoured (Figure 1). 2 cc dose of bladder, rectum, and sigmoid was severely restricted to 85%, 65%, and 65% of the prescription dose. Acute complications, local control, and chronic toxicities were recorded and analyzed.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s18"><title>Results</title>
<p>71 patients who fitted the inclusion criteria were included. The analysis involved 139 sessions of brachytherapy (59 intracavitary and 80 interstitial sessions). The mean 2 cc dose for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid were 76.1% (± 5.3), 58.4% (± 7.7), and 45.7% (± 13.7), respectively. The mean D<sub>90</sub>
 of PTV was 84% (± 10.2). The local control at the end of 6 months was 93% and at 2 years was 86.4%. Five (6.9%) patients developed hemorrhagic radiation proctitis; one patient developed hemorrhagic cystitis.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s19"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>CT based volumetric brachytherapy planning yields comparable outcomes with that of the MRI based volumetric planning techniques in Indian setup.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb2" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[2] High dose rate intraluminal brachytherapy in esophagus carcinoma: toxicity, response, and survival</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kainthaje</surname>
<given-names>Prashanth Bhat</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gaur</surname>
<given-names>Pradeep</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Malavat</surname>
<given-names>Anees</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paliwal</surname>
<given-names>Rajan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mutha</surname>
<given-names>Shweta</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy, Dr. S. N. Medical College, Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>463</fpage>
<lpage>463</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s20"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Intraluminal brachytherapy (ILBT) is recommended in the treatment of esophagus carcinoma in definitive and palliative setting. ILBT offers an elegant path to deliver high doses to the primary tumor while mitigating the problem of high doses to surrounding organs at risk, especially the spinal cord, encountered with external beam radiotherapy (EBRT). With an aim to study the profile of patients of esophagus carcinoma treated with ILBT, the outcome of the treatment in terms of response assessment, toxicity, and survival were analyzed.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s21"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>The study period was between January 2014 and June 2015, with 25 patients of esophagus carcinoma middle third, treated with ILBT either as part of definitive radiotherapy or as part of palliative radiotherapy. The patients with unifocal disease ≤ 10 cm in length and with no recorded intra-abdominal or distant metastases received definitive radiotherapy with 44 Gy/22 fractions through EBRT with concurrent cisplatin followed by, 10 Gy/2 fractions of ILBT boost once weekly. The patients with local advanced disease for palliation received 36 Gy/12 fractions through EBRT, followed by 10 Gy/2 fractions of ILBT once weekly. The outcome of the treatment was assessed in terms of dysphagia score, dysphagia free survival, toxicities, and overall survival.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s22"><title>Results</title>
<p>Median age of patients was 55 years. Histopathologically, 96% of patients had squamous cell carcinoma. 16 (64%) were treated with definitive radiotherapy while the rest, 9 (36%) with palliative intent. At a median follow-up of 9 months, 13 patients were dysphagia free and 5 deaths occurred. One month after completion of the treatment, 18 patients were dysphagia free, while two patients had partial relief, and 5 patients did not notice any relief in dysphagia. Two patients died within 6 months of completion, while 2 patients developed trachea-esophageal fistula during follow-up.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s23"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>ILBT is a safe modality for boost in treatment of esophagus carcinoma, if the patients are selected with caution.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb3" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred paperss</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[3] Does catheter entry-exit dosimetry correlate with a grade of post-implant skin marks after breast multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy (B-MIB)?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krishnamurthy</surname>
<given-names>Revathy</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wadasadawala</surname>
<given-names>Tabassum</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Gayake</surname>
<given-names>Umesh</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Phurailatpam</surname>
<given-names>Reena</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Paul</surname>
<given-names>Siji</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarin</surname>
<given-names>Rajiv</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Physics, Advanced Centre for Treatment, Research & Education in Cancer, Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>464</fpage>
<lpage>464</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s24"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>The grade of post-implant skin marks after B-MIB is an important factor in determining cosmesis. This study intends to establish the correlation between catheter entry-exit dosimetry and the grade of skin marks at entry-exit sites.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s25"><title>Methods</title>
<p>Visibility and quality of entry and exit marks were noted plane-wise for 10 patients with minimum 18 months’ follow-up post implant and graded as ‘not visible], ‘faint’, ‘clear’, and ‘prominent’. Catheters with entry-exit points closest to first/last dwell positions were selected from each plane of implant. Distance from first/last dwell position, dose, closest distances from CTV, and reference isodose (85%) were obtained for the selected catheters and correlated with implant mark grades given to corresponding plane using Spearman’s co-efficient.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s26"><title>Results</title>
<p>With a mean age of 57.2 years (45-68) and mean follow-up of 31.9 months (18-49), intra-op implant was done in 5 out of 10 patients. Number of planes were 3 in 50%, 4 in 50%, and median number of needles implanted were 19 (16-22). Cosmesis was good or excellent in 7 out of 10 patients. Breast fibrosis was seen in 1 patient, tumor bed fibrosis in 3 patients, telangiectasia in 1 patient, and fat necrosis in 1 patient. Total 67 planes of implant analyzed as a comment on exit marks was missing in one patient. Dose at selected catheter was also the corresponding plane D<sub>max</sub>
. Spearman’s co-efficient for correlation with quality of implant marks: dose at entry-exit: 0.214 (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.004), distance from first/last dwell position: –0.027 (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.410), distance from CTV: –0.165 (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.083), distance from isodose: –0.081 (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.248).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s27"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>There is a statistically significant positive correlation between maximum dose received in a plane of implant and grade of marks. This study needs to be completed on a larger sample size, so that the dose constraints for entry-exit points can be determined.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb4" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[4] Analysis of role of interstitial brachytherapy using template in locally advanced gynecological malignancies. A retrospective study from single institution</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chatharaju</surname>
<given-names>Swarna K.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alluri</surname>
<given-names>Krishnam Raju</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lilamwala</surname>
<given-names>Tasneem</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology, Basavatarakam Indo American Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Hyderabad, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>464</fpage>
<lpage>464</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s28"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the treatment outcomes in patients with locally advanced gynecological malignancies treated with interstitial brachytherapy using Syed Neblett template to study local control, overall survival, and acute and late sequelae of the treatment.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s29"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>71 patients with histopathological confirmation of squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (56), vault (9), vagina (6) were treated by EBRT to the pelvis using 15 MV X-rays to a total dose of 5000 cGy, followed by interstitial brachytherapy using Syed Neblett applicator by transperineal approach between July 2010 to May 2016. Median age was 51 yrs. Only those patients who were unsuitable for intracavitary application or found to have probable improper dose distribution were treated by template. The dose delivered was 1500 to 2100 cGy treated in 3 fractions with a minimum gap of 6 hrs. between fractions on Varisource iX HDR.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s30"><title>Results</title>
<p>Among 71 patients, five patients were lost to follow-up and excluded from the study. The range of follow- up duration was 2 to 71 months. Median follow-up period was 20 months. Parameters studied were local control, acute and late sequelae, and distant metastasis. Local control was achieved in 54/66 (81.81%), local recurrence was seen in 12/66 (18.18%) patients. Out of 10 patients who developed distant metastasis, eight patients were locally controlled and two had local recurrence. Late sequelae, mainly vaginal stenosis was observed in 61/66 (92%). Local control was better with non-bulky tumors and in patients with good regression of the disease after EBRT.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s31"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Interstitial template brachytherapy using Syed Neblett applicator is a good alternative to deliver high dose radiation to patients with locally advanced gynecological malignancies, in whom it is unlikely to acquire a proper dose distribution with intracavitary radiation. Loco-regional control was significantly better than EBRT alone with acceptable complications.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb5" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[5] Dosimetric evaluation of image based brachytherapy using tandem-ovoid and tandem-ring applicators</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Krishna</surname>
<given-names>Koti</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>465</fpage>
<lpage>465</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s32"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>The aim of the study is to evaluate the differences in dosimetry between tandem-ovoid and tandem- ring gynecologic brachytherapy applicators in image based brachytherapy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s33"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>100 CT datasets of cervical cancer patients (stage IB2-IIIB) receiving HDR application (50 tandem-ovoid and 50 tandem-ring) were studied. The external beam radiotherapy dose was 50 Gy. Brachytherapy was delivered using a CT-MRI compatible tandem-ovoid (50 patients) and a tandem-ring applicator (50 patients) to a dose of 8 Gy in 2 fractions. Bladder and rectum was contoured using Oncentra planning system. DVHs were calculated and D<sub>2cc</sub>
 was recorded for bladder and rectum, and compared with the corresponding ICRU point doses. The point B dose, the treated volume, high dose volume, and the treatment time was recorded and compared for the two applicators.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s34"><title>Results</title>
<p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t0001">Table 1</xref>
.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s35"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The results indicate that the OAR doses assessed by DVH criteria were higher than ICRU point doses for bladder with both tandem-ovoid and tandem- ring applicators, whereas DVH based dose was lower than ICRU dose for rectum. The point B dose, the treated volume, and high dose volume was found to be slightly higher with tandem-ovoid applicator. The mean D<sub>2cc</sub>
 dose for bladder and rectum was lower with tandem-ring applicators. The clinical implication of the above dosimetric differences needs to be further evaluated.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body><table-wrap id="t0001" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<table frame="void" rules="rows"><thead><tr><th valign="top" align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Applicator</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean D<sub>2cc</sub>
bladder (Gy)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ICRUbladder (Gy)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean D<sub>2cc</sub>
rectum (Gy)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean ICRUrectum (Gy)</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICRU/D<sub>2cc</sub>
ratio bladder</th>
<th valign="top" align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ICRU/D<sub>2cc</sub>
ratio rectum</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tandem-ring</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.57</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.56</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.95</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.847</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.265</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tandem-ovoid</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.30</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.63</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.79</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.65</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.772</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.179</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</body>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb6" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[6] Treatment outcomes of high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue. A single institutional review</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaladhar</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Suneetha</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Prathima</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Belliappa</surname>
<given-names>M.S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology, HCG Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>465</fpage>
<lpage>465</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s36"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To evaluate the treatment outcomes of HDR interstitial brachytherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s37"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Retrospective analysis of patients with oral tongue cancers who were treated with HDR interstitial brachytherapy using <sup>192</sup>
Ir, between August 2010 and October 2015 were included in the study. Patients who have received brachytherapy as a salvage treatment for recurrences were excluded from the study. Endpoints were local control, disease-free survival (DFS), overall survival (OS), and late toxicity. Plastic tube technique was used as illustrated below.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s38"><title>Results</title>
<p>14 patients treated at our institute were identified. Patient characteristics include: Male/Female = 9/5, median age 53.5 years, 71% grade II, median depth of invasion 8 mm, stage I and II – 10 patients, and stage IVA – 4 patients. In stage I and II, seven patients received brachytherapy after initial surgery: median dose 36 Gy/10 fractions, BED<sub>10</sub>
 Gy (range: 48-56), 2 patients after EBRT 50 Gy/ 25 fractions (dose 17.5 Gy/5 fractions, combined BED<sub>10Gy</sub>
 84 Gy), and one patient received brachytherapy alone (45 Gy/9 fractions, BED<sub>10Gy</sub>
 67.5 Gy). All stage IVA patients who declined surgery, received post-EBRT brachytherapy at 50.4 Gy/28 fractions (median dose 6 Gy/4 fractions, combined BED<sub>10Gy</sub>
 82 Gy). Three of these stage IVA patients received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Median follow- up period was 25.7 months (range:11.6-59.3) for stage I & II, and 25.5 months (range: 12-61.1) for stage IVA. Local control rates at 2 years were 90% for stage I & II, and 50% for stage IVA. Median DFS and OS were 20.7 and 25.7 months, respectively, for stage I and II, and 14.5 and 25.5 months, respectively, for stage IVA. Three patients who developed local recurrences were salvaged surgically, except one patient who declined surgery. One patient developed soft tissue necrosis and none developed osteoradionecrosis.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s39"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>HDR interstitial brachytherapy provides good local control for early oral tongue cancers. In patients with locally advanced tongue cancers who decline surgery, brachytherapy can be considered as a treatment option in combination with external beam radiotherapy. However, due to paucity of data, a prospective multicenter trial with large number of patients is needed.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb7" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[7] Dosimetric comparison of point based, manual forward, inverse planning simulation annealing (IPSA) and hybrid inverse planning and optimization (HIPO) – MR based intracavitary brachytherapy planning for cervical cancer</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Divya</surname>
<given-names>Shree N.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mandal</surname>
<given-names>Sanjeet Kumar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Geeta</surname>
<given-names>S.N.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narayanan</surname>
<given-names>Sowmya</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Babu</surname>
<given-names>Suresh</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>466</fpage>
<lpage>466</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s40"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Newer axial imaging has facilitated from point based to widely practiced manual forward intra- cavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) planning in the management of cervical cancer. However, the manual forward planning is an operator dependent and time consuming. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based ICBT have improved visualization and better delineation of the target volume and organs at risk (OAR). The availability of software optimizing tools such as inverse planning simulation annealing (IPSA) and hybrid inverse planning and optimization (HIPO) allows its utility with MRI volume based ICBT planning.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s41"><title>Aim</title>
<p>To compare dosimetrically various parameters of target volume and OAR in the MRI volume based ICBT planning of cervical cancer using dose volume histogram (DVH) for point based, manual forward, IPSA, and HIPO methods.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s42"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>A prospective study of 15 consecutive patients treated with definitive radiochemotherapy for biopsy proven cervical cancer in May-June 2016 was conducted at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru. All patients underwent external beam radiotherapy with dose of 45-50 Gy in conventional fractionation with concurrent weekly chemotherapy, followed by 3-4 fraction of MRI volume based ICBT for a total treatment duration of ≤ 8 weeks. GEC-ESTRO and ICRU-38 recommendations were used to define dosimetric parameters for MRI volume based and point based ICBT planning, respectively. The DVH of each patient was evaluated and compared for point based, manual forward, IPSA, and HIPO optimization for 1<sup>st</sup>
 fraction ICBT planning on MR images.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s43"><title>Results</title>
<p>The results of dosimetric parameters such as GTV D<sub>100</sub>
, GTV D<sub>98</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>100</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>98</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>90</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>50</sub>
, D<sub>2cc</sub>
, and D<sub>0.1cc</sub>
 for bladder, rectum, sigmoid, vagina, V<sub>150</sub>
, V<sub>200</sub>
, point A, point B, bladder point, rectal point, vaginal point, homogeneity index (HI), and conformity index (CI) will be presented in the conference</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb8" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[8] Comparison of organ doses in supine versus lithotomy position during intracavitary brachytherapy in patients with cervix carcinoma</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Naveen</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Anand</surname>
<given-names>Narayan C.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nagarajan</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Piyush</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jegan</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nagarajan</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>G. Kuppuswamy Naidu Memorial Hospital, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>466</fpage>
<lpage>466</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s44"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To compare the bladder, sigmoid colon, and rectum doses in supine versus lithotomy positions during intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) in cervix carcinoma patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s45"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>30 patients with FIGO stage IIB-IIIB received concurrent chemoradiation to 50 Gy/ 25 fractions/5 weeks with weekly cisplatin followed by 3 fractions of ICBT, 7 Gy each, 1 week apart. Following ICBT application, each patient underwent pelvic CT scan twice, first in supine and then in lithotomy position during first two applications, providing 60 data sets in each arm. Target – HRCTV and IRCTV and organs at risk (OAR) – bladder, rectum, sigmoid colon were contoured. Dose was prescribed to point A, and ICRU bladder and rectal reference points were identified. The DVH parameters for target (D<sub>90</sub>
, D<sub>100</sub>
, and V<sub>100</sub>
 for HRCTV and IRCTV) and OAR (ICRU points for bladder and rectum, and <sub>D0.1cc</sub>
, D<sub>1cc</sub>
, D<sub>2cc</sub>
 for bladder, rectum, and sigmoid colon) in both supine and lithotomy positions were evaluated.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s46"><title>Results</title>
<p>Median age was 52 years; 80% of patients had squamous cell carcinoma; 77% and 23% of patients were FIGO stage IIB and IIIB, respectively; 73% had residual disease at the time of first ICBT. Mean dosimetric parameters for OAR in supine and lithotomy positions are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t0001">Table 1</xref>
. HRCTV D<sub>90</sub>
 was 9.96 Gy and 10.41 Gy in supine and lithotomy positions, respectively (<italic>p</italic>
 > 0.05). Patients felt more comfortable in supine position when compared to lithotomy position.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s47"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>There were no statistical significant differences in target coverage and doses to OAR between supine and lithotomy position during ICBT in cervix carcinoma. Considering patient comfort, we recommend the standard supine position for treatment.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb9" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[9] Perioperative HDR interstitial brachytherapy cannot replace brachytherapy in STS – a single institution study – South Indian data</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lilamwala</surname>
<given-names>Tasneem</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Raju</surname>
<given-names>Alluri Krishnam</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumari</surname>
<given-names>Swarna</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Basavatarakam Indoamerican Cancer Hospital & Research Centre, Hyderabad, AP, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>467</fpage>
<lpage>467</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s48"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>In sync with the theme of IBS CON 2016 – BRACHYTHERAPY – AN IMMORTAL ART, we present this data from a single Indian institution, reconfirming the importance of perioperative brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcomas (STS) of the extremities and superficial trunk, and emphasizing the fact that treatment results are never the same without brachytherapy. This retrospective study from our institution aims to highlight the indispensable role of brachytherapy in achieving excellent local control rates and permitting function preservation of extremities.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s49"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>From August 2007 to April 2015, thirty-one cases were retrieved and 20 cases were analyzed (14 primary and 6 recurrent). The follow-up period was between 13 and 93 months. The inclusion criteria for HDR and brachytherapy were as follows: 1. high grade tumor; 2. low grade tumor > 10 cm; 3. recurrent tumor; 4. positive/close margins. After reviewing either the pre-op biopsy report or frozen section reports and preoperative MRI of the site, catheters were placed equidistant to each other with 1-1.5 cm spacing with a margin of 1-2 cm from the tumor bed. Catheters were held by sutures to maintain the equidistance. On the 6<sup>th</sup>
 post-operative day, the patient underwent image guided (CT-based) planning, and 3-3.5 Gy/ fraction *6/7, twice daily were delivered. Three weeks later, the patient received EBRT (45-54 Gy). Median follow-up was 48 months.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s50"><title>Results</title>
<p>There were two cases of local failure within the radiation field and both patients expired due to distant metastasis. The local control rate was 90%. Among the late complications, 10% (2/20 patients) developed RTOG grade II restricted joint movements. One patient developed grade IV radiation dermatitis (non-healed ulcer till date). Fifty percentage of patients developed grade I myalgia, and 15% (3/20) had grade II myalgia (NCI-CTCAE v4.0).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s51"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Immediate postoperative HDR brachytherapy with/without EBRT provides better local control rates than EBRT alone with acceptable complications.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sb10" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: B. Preferred papers</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[10] High dose rate interstitial brachytherapy in vulvar cancer: single institutions 15-years of experience</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pushpa</surname>
<given-names>Naga C.H.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mahantshetty</surname>
<given-names>Umesh</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Engineer</surname>
<given-names>Reena</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chopra</surname>
<given-names>Supriya</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shrivastava</surname>
<given-names>Shyam Kishore</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>467</fpage>
<lpage>467</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s52"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To evaluate the role of HDR SBT approach in vulvar cancer and to report its clinical outcome data and toxicity results.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s53"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>From January 2001 to January 2016, we performed a retrospective analysis of all case records of vulvar cancer patients treated with HDR-ISBT. Statistical analyses of overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) rates were determined using Kaplan-Meier method.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s54"><title>Results</title>
<p>A total of 38 vulvar cancer patients with median age of 60 years had undergone ISBT. Among them, 29 patients were treated with definitive RT (6 with concurrent chemotherapy), 6 patients with adjuvant RT, and 3 patients for salvage RT. All of them received <sup>192</sup>
Ir HDR ISBT with (<italic>n</italic>
 = 29) or without (<italic>n</italic>
 = 9) prior EBRT. Majority of implants were freehand plastic tube technique (<italic>n</italic>
 = 23) in single (<italic>n</italic>
 = 5) or multiple plane (<italic>n</italic>
 = 18); 13 patients had template based and two had a combination of freehand and template based volume implant. Patients who received BT as sole treatment received median EQD<sub>2</sub>
 of 38.4 Gy<sub>10</sub>
, and those patients who received ISBT as a boost received 23.3 Gy<sub>10</sub>
. At the end of 3 months of BT, 94.7% and 5.3% achieved complete response and partial response, respectively. Nine out of 36 patients with CR developed recurrent disease later: local in 4 (11.1%), regional in 3 (8.4%), and distant in 2 (5.5%) of cases. Of the 38 patients, 6 patients developed acute grade 3 skin reactions, and 7 patients had delayed complications. Median follow- up was 20 months. The 3-year actuarial OS, DFS, and LC rate was 64%, 64%, and 69%, respectively.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s55"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Improved local control with acceptable toxicity can be achieved with ISBT with or without EBRT. In this regard, HDR ISBT either as radical or as boost is an effective alternative option, and comparable clinical outcome with other treatment modality along with benefits of organ and function preservation.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc1" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[1] Image based high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy in anal cancer – dosimetric and clinical outcome from a single institution</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borade</surname>
<given-names>Diplaee</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>Manish</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhalavat</surname>
<given-names>Rajendra</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nellore</surname>
<given-names>Lalitha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>Karishma</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalariya</surname>
<given-names>Ketan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pareek</surname>
<given-names>Vibhay</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moosa</surname>
<given-names>Zaiba</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reddy</surname>
<given-names>Navaneeth</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Nanda</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bauskar</surname>
<given-names>Pratibha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>468</fpage>
<lpage>468</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s56"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Definitive chemoradiotherapy is standard of care in management of anal carcinoma. Interstitial brachytherapy increases the dose to tumor volume and, at the same time, limits the volume of irradiated normal tissue, thereby decreasing long term side effects. Despite wide availability of HDR brachytherapy, there is limited data on brachytherapy for anal carcinoma. With an aim to assess the dosimetric and clinical outcome and long term side effects in patients of anal cancer treated with image based high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy following chemoradiation or as radical treatment.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s57"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Seven patients of anal canal cancer were treated from March 2010 to March 2016 and included in this analysis. Five patients were treated with external radiation therapy with or without chemotherapy followed by interstitial brachytherapy boost, and two patients were treated with radical interstitial brachytherapy. CT based planning was done after placement of needles using template (MUPIT). Target volume was contoured on CT scans and dosimetric parameters were evaluated after plan optimization. The patients were followed-up for local control and toxicity grading as per the RTOG scales. Local control, sphincter preservation rates, and disease free survival were evaluated.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s58"><title>Results</title>
<p>The mean clinical target volume was 25 ± 4 cm<sup>3</sup>
, and D<sub>90</sub>
 and D<sub>100</sub>
 were calculated. The mean values of coverage index (CI), dose homogeneity index (DHI), overdose volume index (ODI), dose non-uniformity ratio (DNR), and conformal index (COIN) were 0.95, 0.58, 0.13, 0.40, and 0.57, respectively. The median follow-up, acute and late toxicities, local control, disease free survival, and rate of sphincter preservation were assessed.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s59"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The image based treatment planning provides better dose conformality with reduced toxicities and good sphincter preservation rates. The dose conformality can be assessed with volumetric quality indices and dose parameters.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc2" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[2] A single institution study of external beam radiotherapy with or without intraluminal brachytherapy as a boost in the treatment of patients with esophageal cancer</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>Karishma</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhalavat</surname>
<given-names>Rajendra</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>Manish</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nellore</surname>
<given-names>Lalitha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borade</surname>
<given-names>Dipalee</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalariya</surname>
<given-names>Ketan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pareek</surname>
<given-names>Vibhay</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moosa</surname>
<given-names>Zaiba</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reddy</surname>
<given-names>Navaneeth</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Nanda</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bauskar</surname>
<given-names>Pratibha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Maharashtra, Indi</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>468</fpage>
<lpage>468</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s60"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>This study reports the retrospective results of a single-institution experience with HDR intraluminal brachytherapy (HDR-ILRT) used as a boost in the treatment of esophageal cancer with external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) with or without chemotherapy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s61"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Patients without evidence of metastatic disease were identified. Fifty-two untreated cases of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the middle or lower one-third of the esophagus, with no apparent extra- esophageal spread on a computed tomography (CT) scan and with a Karnofsky performance status of over 70 were chosen. Majority of them had been treated with EBRT to a dose of 50 Gy/25 fractions/5 weeks (30 Gy/15 fractions followed by 20 Gy/10 fractions to reduced volume on re-plan CT). They were further divided into two groups: those that received further boost with EBRT of about 10-20 Gy (group I) and those that received further boost with ILRT to a dose of 12 Gy in two sessions of 6 Gy each a week apart (group II). All patients were assessed symptomatically, endoscopically, and radiologically on follow-up.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s62"><title>Results</title>
<p>There was significant difference in relief of dysphagia, local control, disease free, and overall survival (better in the combined arm), although, the results were not always statistically significant. Incidence of strictures, other complications, and survival probabilities were also studied. Thus, EBRT and ILRT can give a better local response than EBRT alone for the same biological dose in the treatment of esophageal carcinoma.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s63"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>HDR-ILRT is safe and beneficial for local control when added as boost in the radical treatment of patients with esophageal cancer.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc3" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[3] Customized brachytherapy for vaginal botryoid rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric age groups</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sugashwaran</surname>
<given-names>J.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Joseph</surname>
<given-names>Bindhu</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lokesh</surname>
<given-names>Sathyan V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rekha</surname>
<given-names>Reddy B.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology and Radiation Physics, Kidwai Memorial Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>469</fpage>
<lpage>469</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s64"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To report the technical aspects of customized high dose rate brachytherapy for recurrent vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma in pediatric age groups.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s65"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>The pediatric patients are presented with a proliferative growth of the vaginal apex, which was reported as embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid variant). In view of the large volume disease, a multidisciplinary approach of anterior chemotherapy followed by surgery was adopted. However, patients are recurred despite negative margin and was planned for re-excision, adjuvant radiotherapy, and further chemotherapy. The children were examined under anesthesia to determine anatomical dimensions of vagina. The vagina cylinder made with diameter of 1 cm and length of 5 cm. We created a wax cylinder to incorporate a single channel MR compatible tube. The root of the cylinder was expanded and customized to allow stability. Patients received an equivalent dose of 41.4 Gy (4 Gy, 7 fractions) by high dose rate brachytherapy (single fraction per day). The patients underwent a pre-plan prior to application. Taking into the consideration, the primary presentation of the disease, a treatment length of 4 cm was decided upon and 95% coverage was achieved with total rectal dose of 16 Gy and bladder dose of 15 Gy. The cumulative equivalent dose to the ovary was restricted to less than 4 Gy. The treatment was executed smoothly without any acute side effects or significant symptoms/side effects on follow-up.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s66"><title>Results</title>
<p>Pediatric vaginal rhabdomyosarcoma postoperative radiotherapy has been shown to improve local control and survival. Radiation to the pelvis in the pediatric age group for girls is associated with serious late effects like infertility, premature ovarian ablation, vaginal stenosis, and damage to reproductive structures that may result in miscarriages. Brachytherapy as a local modality can restrict some of these side effects. However, there is no standard applicator that can be applied for pediatric vagina of children in this age category. There is the need to create a customized applicator to suit the precise anatomy of the patient under consideration. At our Institute, we have successfully created a simple single channel MR compatible vaginal applicator and could successfully execute the desired treatment regimen.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s67"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>A customized applicator provides the advantages of effective brachytherapy treatment that can restrict dose to normal tissues and is easily reproducible.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc4" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[4] Intraluminal brachytherapy for advanced cholangiocarcinomas: survival results</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramachandra</surname>
<given-names>Aruna</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>Sarath</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Priyadarshini V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhavani</surname>
<given-names>Ambati</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bilimaga</surname>
<given-names>Ramesh S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Health Care Global, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>469</fpage>
<lpage>469</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s68"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Cholangiocarcinoma is a dismal disease, presenting in advanced stage, which is not amenable for curative resection and not much has developed in this area. Liver transplantation has been proposed to be a curative treatment modality for locally advanced hilar tumors with no evidence of extrahepatic tumors. External radiotherapy can achieve satisfactory local tumor control but ILBT imposes a high radiation dose to the tumor volume, bypasses the radiosensitive structures, and therefore, spares the surrounding normal structures from radiation toxicity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s69"><title>Objectives</title>
<p>To assess the survival outcomes in advanced, unresectable cholagiocarcinoma patients with intrabiliary intraluminal brachytherapy intervention.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s70"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>A total of six unresectable cholangiocarcinoma males’ patients in the age group of 38-80 years were studied. All patients had a percutaneous biliary drain inserted (PTBD) (9-12 French catheters) prior to ILBT. One patient received EBRT along with ILBT, the rest received only ILBT. The number of brachytherapy sessions ranged between 1 to 5. Treatment volume encompassed the stricture site with an additional margin proximally and distally. Treatment was delivered with a HDR <sup>192</sup>
Ir afterloader.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s71"><title>Results</title>
<p>No serious toxicities were reported immediately after, or during the treatment. Overall survival was in the range of 6 to 16 months.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s72"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>ILBT in cholangicarcinomas is not very commonly practiced. It is worthwhile to reconsider its evaded potential on local tumor control and symptom free survival by proper randomized controlled trials.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc5" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[5] Interstitial brachytherapy for soft tissue sarcomas – treatment outcomes</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramachandra</surname>
<given-names>Aruna</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jayaram</surname>
<given-names>Vijay</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chundru</surname>
<given-names>Swaroopa</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Somaiah</surname>
<given-names>Belliappa M.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Health Care Global, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>469</fpage>
<lpage>470</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s73"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Soft tissue tumors(STS) of extremities are rare tumors. Radiotherapy is an integral component in the treatment of soft tissue sarcomas; interstitial brachytherapy has added advantage in delivering boost or radical dose, sparing the critical organs.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s74"><title>Objectives</title>
<p>We examined the treatment outcomes of soft tissue sarcomas (STS) in patients who underwent surgery followed by interstitial brachytherapy with or without chemotherapy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s75"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>We studied interstitial brachytherapy (ISBT) of extremity sarcomas in 10 patients (8 lower extremity and 2 upper extremity) aged between 12-60 yrs., comprising of 7 males and 3 females. 80% of patients underwent per-op brachytherapy implant, remaining 20% underwent post-operative implant. Brachytherapy consisted of high dose rate, iridium-192 implant. 40% had combined EBRT and ISBT, ranging between 4 to 10 sessions of ISBT. Patients were followed-up for a period of 12 to 76 months.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s76"><title>Results</title>
<p>Complete local response was achieved in 80% of patients, one patient had partial response, one patient expired due to chemotherapy related neutropenic sepsis. Overall survival rate was 90%.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s77"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>ISBT (interstitial brachytherapy) is a safe procedure producing excellent results in terms of local control. Reconstructed flaps were well taken.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc6" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[6] MRI based image-guided brachytherapy for cervical cancer in an Indian tertiary center – an institutional experience</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pabi</surname>
<given-names>Shreeya</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mandal</surname>
<given-names>Sanjeet Kumar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Geeta</surname>
<given-names>S.N.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vishwanathan</surname>
<given-names>Bhaskar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narayanan</surname>
<given-names>Sowmya</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Babu</surname>
<given-names>Suresh</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>470</fpage>
<lpage>470</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s78"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Brachytherapy plays an essential role as a part of the cervical cancer management for its ability to deliver high dose to the tumor while reducing the dose to the surrounding critical organs. Over the last few years, the use of 3D image based brachytherapy has been revolutionized. In 2005, recommendations for 3D image based brachytherapy were developed by Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) has now become standard. Vienna group and EMBRACE study group have reported a promising clinical outcome of patients treated with MR image-guided adaptive brachytherapy with excellent local control rates. However, there is paucity of Indian data on MRI volume based brachytherapy in management of cervical cancer, thereof, the study was undertaken to know the utility of GEC-ESTRO recommendations in our settings. With an aim to assess the tumor response, local control and toxicities and/or depending on the response after radiochemotherapy treated with MR based brachytherapy in cervical cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s79"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>A study of 50 biopsy proven cervical cancer patients with stage IB2-IVA was recruited at Vydehi Hospital, Bangalore. All the patients have undergone EBRT to a dose of 45-50 Gy in conventional fractionation with concurrent weekly chemotherapy, followed by 3-5 fractions of brachytherapy with 5-7 Gy/ fraction, and treatment duration ≤ 8 weeks. A pre-EBRT MRI was taken, along with a CT simulation. On the first fraction of BT, a MRI scan was taken along with the BT applicator (MRI-BT) and on subsequent sittings; CT simulation was done, which was fused with MRI-BT. The GTV, HR-CTV and OAR were delineated and planned according to GEC-ESTRO recommendations. Patients were followed-up 6 weeks after completion of treatment, then every 3 month for assessment local control and toxicity.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s80"><title>Results and conclusions</title>
<p>Were discussed during the conference.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc7" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[7] Evaluation of acute toxicity in patients of carcinoma cervix treated by three different schedules of HDR intracavitary brachytherapy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Vijaya J.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chauhan</surname>
<given-names>Ashok Kumar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaur</surname>
<given-names>Paramjeet</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khurana</surname>
<given-names>Anil</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Deepak</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verma</surname>
<given-names>Yashpal</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bansal</surname>
<given-names>Nupur</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Health Care Global Enterprises Ltd., Bangalore, India; HCG Bangalore Institute of Oncology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>470</fpage>
<lpage>470</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s81"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To evaluate acute toxicity in patients of carcinoma cervix who were treated with three different schedules of HDR intracavitary brachytherapy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s82"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Locally advanced and medically inoperable contraindicated early stage carcinoma cervix patients were treated with either neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, or only radiotherapy followed by any of the three schedules of intracavitary brachytherapy consisting of 7 Gy in 3 sessions, 4 Gy in 6 sessions, or 6 Gy in 3 sessions. Patients were evaluated for acute toxicity as per RTOG criteria.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s83"><title>Results</title>
<p>130 histopathologically proven squamous cell carcinoma cervix patients were analyzed from 2008 to August 2014. Total number of patients in three various schedules of brachytherapy group (7 Gy x 3 sessions, 6 Gy x 3 sessions, 4 Gy x 6 sessions) were 43, 38, and 49, respectively. Acute toxicities such as diarrhea was 18.60%, 13.15%, and 22.45%, urinary tract toxicities were 13.95%, 13.15%, and 8.16%, nausea and vomiting were 23.25%, 23.68%, and 26.53% in three schedules of ICBT respectively. Grade I skin reactions were in the range of 65.1%, 76.31%, 67.35%, grade II were 27.90%, 15.79%, 24.49%, and grade III were 6.98%, 7.89%, 8.16% for three schedules of ICBT. Grade I mucosal reactions were in the range of 69.77%, 73.68%, 69.39%; grade II were 23.26%, 18.42%, 21.49%; grade III were 6.98%, 7.89% and 6.12%.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s84"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Our analyzed results of the study showed mixed results with diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. Grade III skin reactions were seen in 4 Gy x 6 sessions group. Grade II skin reactions and grade II mucositis were more common in 7 Gy x 3 sessions group. Grade I and grade III skin reactions were more common. Further studies should be conducted with various schedules of brachytherapy to assess acute toxicities and optimal brachytherapy schedule.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc8" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[8] CT-based HDR interstitial brachytherapy in advanced cervical cancer – dosimetric evaluation and critical organ toxicity patterns</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ramachandra</surname>
<given-names>Aruna</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Thejaswini</surname>
<given-names></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>HCG and KMIO, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>471</fpage>
<lpage>471</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s85"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Investigated CT-scan based high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) planning for uterine cervical cancer based on GEC-ESTRO guidelines. The objective of the study was dosimetric evaluation, critical organ toxicity pattern, and local control.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s86"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>20 cervical cancer patients were enrolled. ISBT was performed using Syed Neblett template. Total treatment doses were 6 Gy in 3 fractions (brachytherapy) combined with external beam radiotherapy 45 Gy in 25 fractions, at 1.8 Gy per fraction. Treatment plans were created based on planning computed tomography. DVHs of the high-risk clinical target volume (HR CTV), intermediate-risk CTV (IR CTV), and the bladder and rectum were calculated. Indices were calculated on brachytherapy plans. Dose values were biologically normalized to equivalent doses in 2 Gy fractions (EQD<sub>2</sub>
).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s87"><title>Results</title>
<p>The median D<sub>90</sub>
 (HR CTV) and D<sub>90</sub>
 (IR CTV) per fraction were 6.09 Gy (range: 3.57-6.81), and 4.35 Gy (range: 1.92-5.29), respectively. The median V<sub>100</sub>
 (HR CTV) and V<sub>100</sub>
 (IR CTV) were 90.82% (range: 67-97), and 54% (range: 40-73.9), respectively. When the dose of EBRT was added, the median EQD<sub>2</sub>
 D<sub>90</sub>
 and D<sub>100</sub>
 of HR CTV were 66.65 Gy and 53.45 Gy. The D<sub>2cc</sub>
 of the bladder was 66.5 Gy (range: 56.8-78.4) and of the rectum was 67.9 Gy (range: 61.7-73.9). The mean CI and HI were 0.728 and 3.18, respectively.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s88"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Our method of image-based ISBT using CT-scan was feasible. The CT-based BT tissue delineation seems adequate and appears to be valid for evaluation of OAR. At present, MRI remains the reference standard for contouring tumor volumes. 30% patients achieved complete response and are disease-free; 50% patients achieved partial response.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc9" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[9] Variation in applicator positions during interfraction high dose rate brachytherapy in cervix carcinoma and its implications</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amulya</surname>
<given-names>Koti Krishna</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Das</surname>
<given-names>Saikat</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jeba</surname>
<given-names>Karunya R.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>John</surname>
<given-names>Subhashini</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>471</fpage>
<lpage>471</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s89"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>The optimal integration of intracavitary brachytherapy (ICBT) and external beam radiotherapy is important in the treatment of cervix carcinoma. While high dose rate ICBT has become popular due to its logistical advantages over low dose rate ICBT, it necessitates dose fractionation to reduce normal tissue complications [1]. There are inadvertent changes in the position/geometry of the applicator and interfraction deformations in organs at risk (OAR) due to movement, shape changes, and variable filling of these hollow organs. This results in considerable variation of dose to surrounding normal tissues due to steep dose gradient in regions close to the brachytherapy source.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s90"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>This study was designed to answer the following two specific questions. What was the magnitude of interfraction dose variation to OAR? And: Can re-planning with each fraction be avoided in a subset of patient population with minimal variation in applicator geometry? For this study, orthogonal films of 100 patients, treated from March 2014 to June 2016, were evaluated. Treatment planning and the dose distribution were evaluated using Nucletron Plato Treatment Planning System.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s91"><title>Results</title>
<p>The results will be presented at the conference.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc10" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[10] Dosimetric effect of bladder filling in CT based intracavitary brachytherapy planning of cervical cancer</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Amin</surname>
<given-names>Swathi S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mandal</surname>
<given-names>Sanjeet Kumar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narayanan</surname>
<given-names>Geeta S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Narayanan</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Babu</surname>
<given-names>Suresh</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>471</fpage>
<lpage>472</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s92"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Brachytherapy remains an integral part in the management of cervical cancer. During the process of brachytherapy, the volume of surrounding distensible structures such as urinary bladder, rectum, and bowel may have its impact on dosimetric coverage of target volume and exposure of high dose rate radiation to organs at risk (OAR). Various degrees of bladder distension can be used to alter the position of uterine cervix tumor target and shift OAR away to achieve better tumor control.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s93"><title>Objectives</title>
<p>To dosimetrically compare the effect of bladder filling on various parameters of tumor target and OAR in CT volume based ICBT planning for treatment of cervical cancer.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s94"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>A prospective study of 10 consecutive patients treated with definitive radio-chemotherapy for biopsy proven cervical cancer from May to June 2016 was conducted at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru. All the patients underwent external beam radiotherapy to a dose of 45-50 Gy in conventional fractionation with concurrent weekly chemotherapy, followed by 3-4 fraction of ICBT for a total treatment duration of ≤ 8weeks. The bladder filling with 1 : 10 iohexol diluted normal saline was done with brachytherapy applicators before simulation and treatment. GEC-ESTRO recommendations were used to define dosimetric parameters for CT volume based ICBT planning. The DVH of each patient was evaluated and compared for no filling, 50 ml, 100 ml, and 200 ml bladder filling for each fraction ICBT planning on CT images.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s95"><title>Results</title>
<p>The results of dosimetric parameter for no filling, 50 ml, 100 ml, and 200 ml bladder filling for ICBT planning for each patient such as GTV D<sub>100</sub>
, GTV D<sub>98</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>100</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>98</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>90</sub>
, HRCTV D<sub>50</sub>
, D<sub>2cc</sub>
 and D<sub>0.1cc</sub>
 of bladder, rectum, sigmoid, vagina, V<sub>150</sub>
, V<sub>200</sub>
, point A, point B, homogeneity index (HI), and conformity index (CI) will be presented in the conference.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s96"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Will be presented in the conference.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc11" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[11] Dosimetric evaluation of bladder and rectal radiation dose in cervix carcinoma patients using Cobalt-60 as source in HDR brachytherapy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Madhumathi</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalaiyarasi</surname>
<given-names>N.V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Giridharan</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muthuvelu</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kopperunthdevi</surname>
<given-names>A.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Baskar</surname>
<given-names>P.K.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sundaresan</surname>
<given-names>C.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sanjal</surname>
<given-names>Kumar V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vijey</surname>
<given-names>Karthik P.R.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Poonkodi</surname>
<given-names>N.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Barnard Institute of Radiation Oncology, Madras Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>472</fpage>
<lpage>472</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s97"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Dosimetric evaluation of bladder and rectal radiation dose in cervix carcinoma patients using CT simulation and Cobalt-60 as source in HDR brachytherapy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s98"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>From January 2016 to June 2016, 30 eligible patients of age 30-60 years with squamous cell cervix carcinoma of all stages up to III B, completed EBRT and were scheduled for brachytherapy. All patients were treated with conventional EBRT 50 Gy in 2 Gy/fractions for 5 days a week/25 fractions, followed by 2 fractions ICA application consisted of placement of intra-uterine tandem 4 to 6 cm into uterine cavity after dilatation, and ovoids in vagina at the level of fornices. This was followed by gauze packing in anterior and posterior vaginal space to displace the bladder and the rectum away from and to fix the applicators in position.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s99"><title>Results</title>
<p>CT simulation of 2 mm thickness was obtained, 2 cm above the tandem superiorly and to the level of pubic symphysis inferiorly (from Barnard Institute of Radiology). Planning target volume, rectum, and bladder were contoured. Treatment planning were carried out using HDR plus treatment planning system based on ICRU 38 recommendations. Point A and point B, bladder and rectal doses were studied after the treatment was carried out using Cobalt-60 HDR remote after loading machine.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s100"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Out of the 30 patients, the average dose received by point A, point B, bladder, and rectal points were within tolerable limits, which is shown in the tabular column.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc12" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[12] Can combined intracavitary-interstitial brachytherapy approach improves dose and volume parameters in locally advanced cervix carcinoma: a patient based dosimetric study</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rifayi</surname>
<given-names>Muhammed</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lavanya</surname>
<given-names>G.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nithyanantham</surname>
<given-names>Karthikeyan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sambasivaselly</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jain</surname>
<given-names>Sandeep</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology and Physics, Mazumdar Shaw Cancer Center, Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>472</fpage>
<lpage>472</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s101"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Conventional intracavitary brachytherapy would result in sub-optimal dose coverage in locally advanced cervix carcinoma, for which interstitial brachytherapy is the preferred option. Here, we investigate the feasibility of brachytherapy with combined intracavitary- interstitial (IC-IS) approach for patients with extensive parametrial involvement.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s102"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Two patients with cervix carcinoma FIGO stage IIIB with bilateral parametrial involvement up to lateral pelvic wall were treated with IC-IS applicator. Patient no 1 was treated with 3DCRT 45 Gy/25 fractions (treated elsewhere), and patient no 2 with IMRT 50 Gy in 25 fractions with concurrent cisplatin. After EBRT, the first patient had residual disease in the bilateral parametrium up to pelvic wall, cervix, and fornices. Patient no 2 had residual disease in the cervix and medial 2/ 3rd of right parametrium. Brachytherapy was performed under general anesthesia with IC-IS applicator, which consists of tandem, ovoids, and template for needles. After planning CT scan, HR CTV and organs at risk (OAR) were contoured according to American Brachytherapy Society guidelines. For the study purpose, three different plans were generated with different combinations of applicator and needles (i.e., conventional tandem and ovoids (ICBT), tandem and interstitial needles (ISBTWT), tandem-ovoids and interstitial needles (ISBTWTO)). Dose and volume parameters were evaluated and compared for both HR CTV and OAR.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s103"><title>Results</title>
<p>With ISBTWTO there was an average improvement of HR CTV D<sub>90</sub>
 by 10% as compared with ISBTWT and 57% with ICBT. The average ratio of D<sub>90</sub>
 HRCTV/D<sub>2cc</sub>
 bladder ((gain factor (GF)) were 0.95, 0.86, 0.68 in the ISBTWTO, ISBTWT, and ICBT, respectively, while GF for rectum were 1.2, 1.06, and 0.52, respectively, and 1.64, 1.63, and 0.63, respectively for sigmoid. ISBTWO plan has better coverage (17.9% increase) at cost of increased V<sub>200</sub>
 (10.5%) and V<sub>150</sub>
 (14.9%) compared with ISBTWT plan.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s104"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>ISBTWTO could be a comparable alternative to ISBTWT with improved coverage.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc13" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[13] To evaluate late toxicity in cervix carcinoma patients treated with various schedules of HDR intracavitary brachytherapy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Vijaya J.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chauhan</surname>
<given-names>Ashok Kumar</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kaur</surname>
<given-names>Paramjeet</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Khurana</surname>
<given-names>Anil</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Deepak</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Verma</surname>
<given-names>Yashpal</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bansal</surname>
<given-names>Nupur</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Health Care Global Enterprises Ltd., Bangalore, Karnataka and Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Center, Pt. B. D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, Haryana, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>473</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s105"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To evaluate the late toxicity in locally advanced and medically inoperable early cervix carcinoma patients treated with various schedules of EBRT, chemotherapy, and HDR-ICBT.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s106"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Between 2008 and 2014, 130 patients were treated in our Institute with either neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiotherapy, or only radiotherapy or concurrent chemoradiation therapy with platin analogs followed by any of the three schedules of intracavitary brachytherapy, consisting of 7 Gy in 3 sessions, 6 Gy in 3 sessions, or 4 Gy in 6 sessions. Cervix carcinoma patient with history of hysterectomy and carcinoma endometrium were excluded.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s107"><title>Results</title>
<p>Chronic toxicities such cystitis were 4.65%, 2.63%, and 8.16%; vaginal stenosis were seen in 13.95%, 7.89%, and 12.25%; proctitis were seen in 18.60%, 10.52%, and 16.33%, and dry vagina appeared in 11.63%, 15.79%, and 16.33% of patients in three schedules of HDR-ICBT of 7 Gy in 3 sessions, 6 Gy in 3 sessions and 4 Gy in 6 sessions, respectively.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s108"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Incidence of fibrosis, cystitis, and dry vagina are more common in receiving 4 Gy in 6 sessions of brachytherapy. Incidence of vaginal stenosis and proctitis were more common in case of 7 Gy in 3 sessions of brachytherapy schedules. This study emphasizes the importance of further randomized studies to assess late toxicities and optimal brachytherapy schedules.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc14" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[14] Impact of different dose prescription schedules on biologic effective dose (BED) and 2 Gy equivalent dose in high dose rate intra cavitary brachytherapy for ca cervix</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mohan</surname>
<given-names>Kumar S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Revathi</surname>
<given-names></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Janaki</surname>
<given-names>M.G.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ponni</surname>
<given-names>Arul</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koushik</surname>
<given-names>Kirthi</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alva</surname>
<given-names>Ram Charith</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>M.S. Ramaiah Medical College Bangalore, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>473</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s109"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Brachytherapy is the most essential component of treatment of ca cervix patients. The era of LDR brachytherapy is fading and today, majority of the patients are treated by HDR brachytherapy. Though there was uniformity in dose prescription in LDR brachytherapy, there is a wide range of discrepancy in dose scheduling of HDR brachytherapy because of resources and logistic issues. Since the local control and toxicities depend on the total dose and dose per fraction, it is important to be aware of the biologic effective dose (BED) and 2 Gy equivalent dose (EQD<sub>2</sub>
) of different radiotherapy schedules.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s110"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>It is a retrospective dosimetric study on 20 ca cervix patients post-external radiotherapy of 45 Gy in 25 fractions with weekly cisplatin who underwent intra cavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). CT scan simulation was done after insertion of ICBT applicators. Target and organ at risk were contoured according to GEC-ESTRO guidelines. Four different treatment plans were generated for each patient with dose prescriptions of 5.5 Gy x 4, 6.5 Gy x 4, 7.5 Gy x 3, and 9 Gy x 2 fractions to high risk CTV (HRCTV) by using HDR plus treatment planning system. D<sub>90</sub>
, V<sub>150</sub>
, V<sub>200</sub>
, BED, and EQD<sub>2</sub>
 for 2 cc bladder, 2 cc rectum, and point A were calculated. The results were analyzed by One Way ANNOVA test, using SPSS 15.0 statistical software.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s111"><title>Results</title>
<p>There was no significant difference in the values of D<sub>90</sub>
, V<sub>150</sub>
, V<sub>200</sub>
, BED, and EQD<sub>2</sub>
 for 2 cc of bladder and rectum (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.10). BED and EQD<sub>2</sub>
 of point A were higher for prescription 6.5 Gy x 4 and 7.5 Gy x 3 fractions (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.0001) (Figure 1).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s112"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Prescription of 6.5 Gy x 4 and 7.5 Gy x 3 fractions deliver higher BED and EQD<sub>2</sub>
 dose to point A compared to 5.5 Gy x 4, or 9 Gy x 2 fractions with acceptable doses to bladder and rectum in HDR intra cavitary brachytherapy for ca cervix patients.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc15" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[15] Vaginal yolk sac tumor in a 2 year old child – treatment of recurrence with mould brachytherapy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Vincent</surname>
<given-names>Boaz</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Patricia</surname>
<given-names>S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rajesh</surname>
<given-names>B.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Godson</surname>
<given-names>Henry Finlay</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ravindran</surname>
<given-names>Paul</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>John</surname>
<given-names>Subhashini</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>474</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s113"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Pediatric vaginal yolk sac tumor is an extremely rare clinical entity. Chemotherapy and surgery remains the mainstay of treatment, while radiotherapy has a definite role in select patients.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s114"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>A one year and 3 months old girl was brought with a history of bleeding and spontaneous expulsion of a mass from vagina. Histopathological evaluation of the expelled mass revealed pure yolk sac tumor. Her AFP values were found to be elevated with normal BHCG. She received 5 cycles of JEB (bleomycin, etoposide, carboplatin) chemotherapy, followed by wide excision of residual with Martius labial fat pad graft.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s115"><title>Results</title>
<p>Her postoperative histopathology was reported as no evidence of malignant tumor. But after 2 months of follow-up, her AFP was found to be rising and vaginoscopy showed recurrence. She received next line of chemotherapy with 6 cycles of VeIP (vinblastine, ifosfamide, cisplatin). The post-chemotherapy vaginoscopy revealed residual lesion. In view of the possibility of significant morbidity with repeat surgery and for organ preservation, brachytherapy was considered. She was treated with vaginal mould brachytherapy. Since the CTV included almost entire vagina, partial vaginal treatment was not considered. She received 3 Gy per fraction x 14 fractions, 2 fractions per day. She is doing well with normal AFP levels and excision of probable residual on vaginoscopy being negative for malignancy at 3-month follow-up.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s116"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>The obvious advantage of brachytherapy over external beam radiotherapy can be exploited in pediatric patients. The irradiated volume with brachytherapy can be kept significantly lower compared to EBRT. Thus, the late complications, which have a strong relation to a dose volume effect such as growth retardation, prevention of sterility, or chances of second primary tumors can be kept to a minimum with brachytherapy.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc16" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[16] Clinical outcomes and dosimetric optimization in CT based interstitial brachytherapy using MUPIT in gynecological malignancy</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pareek</surname>
<given-names>Vibhay</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhalavat</surname>
<given-names>Rajendra</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>Manish</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nellore</surname>
<given-names>Lalitha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>Karishma</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borade</surname>
<given-names>Diplaee</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalariya</surname>
<given-names>Ketan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moosa</surname>
<given-names>Zaiba</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reddy</surname>
<given-names>Navaneeth</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Nanda</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bauskar</surname>
<given-names>Pratibha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Mumbai, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>474</fpage>
<lpage>474</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s117"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To evaluate the clinical outcomes and dose optimization using CT based planning in gynecological malignancy (cervical and endometrial cancer) undergoing interstitial (MUPIT) brachytherapy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s118"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>30 patients with histologically diagnosed endometrial or cervical malignancy who underwent hysterectomy and received external beam radiation followed by HDR interstitial brachytherapy with MUPIT. The clinical target volume and organs at risk were delineated and optimization was done for optimum CTV coverage and sparing of organs at risk. The coverage index (CI), dose homogeneity index (DHI), overdose index (OI), dose non-uniformity ratio (DNR), external volume index (EI), conformity index (COIN), and dose volume parameters recommended by GEC-ESTRO were evaluated. The patients were followed-up and toxicities were graded as per RTOG scales, and local control rates and disease free survival were evaluated.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s119"><title>Results</title>
<p>The mean CTV volume, D<sub>90</sub>
, and D<sub>100</sub>
 were calculated. The OAR, which included bladder and rectum were assessed for the volume along with D<sub>2cc</sub>
, D<sub>1cc</sub>
, and D<sub>0.1cc</sub>
 were assessed for bladder and rectum/rectosigmoid. Mean CI, DHI, OI, DNR, EI, COIN were evaluated. The median follow-up was assessed and as per the RTOG toxicity scale, it was used to evaluate the toxicities on follow-up for the patients. The local control rate and disease free survival were assessed at the same.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s120"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>CT based planning using MUPIT for gynecological brachytherapy implants has good outcomes as assessed in our study. Plan evaluation and documentation using various indices and parameters recommended by GEC-ESTRO assist in objective evaluation and reproducibility, and correlate with clinical outcomes of the disease.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc17" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[17] Brachytherapy role in early endometrial cancer and quality of life assessment</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pareek</surname>
<given-names>Vibhay</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhalavat</surname>
<given-names>Rajendra</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>Manish</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nellore</surname>
<given-names>Lalitha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>Karishma</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borade</surname>
<given-names>Diplaee</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalariya</surname>
<given-names>Ketan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moosa</surname>
<given-names>Zaiba</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Reddy</surname>
<given-names>Navaneeth</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Nanda</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bauskar</surname>
<given-names>Pratibha</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Mumbai, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>474</fpage>
<lpage>474</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s121"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>To assess the role of brachytherapy in the form of central vaginal source (CVS) in early endometrial cancer and its relation with the functional quality of patients following treatment.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s122"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Between November 2015 and April 2016, 20 patients with early stage of endometrial cancer, treated in our department with external beam irradiation followed by brachytherapy (CVS) were included in this study. The patients were treated with 50 Gy in 25 fractions with external beam irradiation followed by brachytherapy with central vaginal source with varying diameter (2-3.5 cm) and applying 12-14 Gy in two fractions one week apart. The patient’s quality of life was assessed, using European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ C30) and Endometrial Cancer Module QLQ EN24. The questionnaire was taken at starting of the treatment, before starting brachytherapy, and at the end of brachytherapy, and the results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s123"><title>Results</title>
<p>The patients showed better physical functioning after the use of brachytherapy as compared to that after external beam irradiation alone. The symptom score, lymphedema, pain, and diarrhea were also better after completion of brachytherapy. Among the sexually active patients, the sexual function was not worsened after brachytherapy. The functional scores were better in patients with normal body mass index as compared to those with obesity, especially lymphedema was affected in such cases.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s124"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The role of brachytherapy is an important part of treatment of early endometrial cancers and does not affect quality of life, especially the functional and sexual aspects as compared to outcomes after external beam irradiation. The BMI also affects the outcome in quality of life.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc18" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[18] Evaluation of role of interstitial brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcoma: a single institute experience</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pareek</surname>
<given-names>V.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhalavat</surname>
<given-names>R.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>M.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nellore</surname>
<given-names>L.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borade</surname>
<given-names>D.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalariya</surname>
<given-names>K.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nandkumar</surname>
<given-names></given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Mumbai, India</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>475</fpage>
<lpage>475</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s125"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Soft tissue sarcomas are rare group of solid tumors comprising of 1% of all solid tumors. The management of soft tissue sarcomas have evolved due to advancements in imaging, histopathology, cytogenetics, and the use of multimodality treatment. The treatment strategies emphasize on the control of disease locally, sparing of limb function, and improvement in the quality of life. High dose rate brachytherapy has formed a part of the management, and has the advantage of providing concentrated dose to tumors and sparing of surrounding normal tissues. In this study, we examined the clinical outcome of high dose brachytherapy for STS at our Hospital through retrospective analysis of the prospective database maintained.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s126"><title>Objectives</title>
<p>To review the clinical outcome and quality of life in patients with soft tissue sarcoma treated at our Center through high dose rate interstitial brachytherapy.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s127"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Eleven patients with different sites and grades of soft tissue sarcoma underwent surgery and intraoperative catheter implantations in a single plane in biopsy proven soft tissue sarcoma cases. Then, the patients underwent high dose rate brachytherapy with Iridium 192. The patients received an average dose of 3.5 Gy per fraction (two fractions per day, 6 hours apart) with total dose of 35 Gy/10 fractions/5 days, and after completion of treatment were followed-up at 1 month and later every 3 months for 2 years, followed by 6 months’ interval.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s128"><title>Results</title>
<p>The patients were followed-up for range of 1-42 months (median: 12 months) and the overall control rate was 72.72%. The local recurrence was noted in only one patient (9.09%) and two patients developed distant metastases (18.18%).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s129"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>The results in our study suggested the importance of HDR brachytherapy in management of soft tissue sarcoma. The local control rate was 72.72%. The dose of 35 Gy over 10 fractions in 5 days was found to be effective in local control and limb salvage in case of soft tissue sarcoma as practiced at our Centre.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc19" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[19] Single institutional plan evaluation of interstitial HDR brachytherapy and 3D conformal radiation therapy in breast cancer after breast conserving surgery</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pareek</surname>
<given-names>Vibhay</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bhalavat</surname>
<given-names>Rajendra</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chandra</surname>
<given-names>Manish</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>George</surname>
<given-names>Karishma</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Borade</surname>
<given-names>Dipalee</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kalariya</surname>
<given-names>Ketan</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Moosa</surname>
<given-names>Zaiba</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kumar</surname>
<given-names>Nanda</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiotherapy, Jupiter Hospital, Thane, Mumbai, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>475</fpage>
<lpage>476</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s130"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Breast conserving surgery has formed a major treatment aspect in early breast cancer where the radiation therapy has formed an integral part in treatment of that disease. 3D-CRT is the technique of choice in the treatment and interstitial brachytherapy has been employed in select cases. We report a single-institutional dosimetric comparison of patients treated with two forms of accelerated partial breast irradiation: interstitial HDR brachytherapy and 3D conformal external beam quadrant irradiation (3D-CRT).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s131"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>A retrospective dosimetric comparison of interstitial HDR brachytherapy and 3D-CRT was performed. Five patients were included for a dosimetric comparison of the dose received by the ipsilateral breast, PTV, heart, and ipsilateral lung. Interstitial patients were treated with 3.5 Gy in 10 fractions to 35 Gy. 3D-CRT patients were treated with 3.85 Gy in 10 fractions to 38.5 Gy using multiple iso-centric beams. The CT images from simulation or implant evaluation were transferred into our 3D treatment planning software. The lumpectomy cavities were outlined for every patient. The PTV was constructed as a uniform expansion of 1.5 cm for all interstitial HDR patients, and a 1.0 cm expansion in addition to the CTV expansion of 1.0 cm and 1.5 cm for the 3D-CRT patients. The CTV expansion for 3D-CRT and the PTV expansion for the brachytherapy patients were limited to the chest wall and skin. Normal structures including both ipsilateral lung and breast and heart for left-sided lesions were outlined. The lumpectomy cavity was subtracted from the PTV and normal breast tissue for evaluation. To evaluate dose to the ipsilateral breast and lung, PTV, and heart, a dose-volume histogram (DVH) analysis was performed. All histograms were normalized to the volume of the structure (i.e., expressed as percent volume).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s132"><title>Results</title>
<p>The average percentage of the breast receiving 100% and 50% of the prescribed dose (PD) was higher in the 3D-CRT group (24% and 48%, respectively) compared with interstitial patients (10% and 26%, respectively). Improved coverage of the PTV was noted in the 3D-CRT plans compared with interstitial HDR plans. With the interstitial HDR technique, 58% of the PTV received 100% of the PD compared with 100% with 3D-CRT techniques. The percentage of the PTV receiving 90% of the PD was 68% and 100% for the interstitial HDR and 3D-CRT patients, respectively. The ipsilateral lung V<sub>20</sub>
 was slightly higher for 3D-CRT at 5% compared with 0% for brachytherapy technique. The heart doses were found to be least with interstitial brachytherapy compared to 3D-CRT.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s133"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>In those treated with 3D-CRT, the coverage of the PTV was better with 3D-CRT but varied with the definition used. The coverage at 90% of the PD, statistical difference was observed between 3D-CRT and interstitial brachytherapy (3D-CRT better than interstitial). 3D-CRT resulted in better coverage of the PTV compared with interstitial brachytherapy technique. Better PTV coverage with 3D-CRT came at the cost of a higher integral dose to the remaining normal breast. The lung dose, cardiac dose, and contralateral breast dose were minimal with interstitial brachytherapy compared to 3D-CRT. Dosimetrically, the best partial breast irradiation technique appears to depend on the clinical situation.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc20" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[20] Weekly vs sequential high dose rate intra cavitary brachytherapy for ca cervix</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Revathy</surname>
<given-names>Mohan Kumar S.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Janaki</surname>
<given-names>M.G.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ponni</surname>
<given-names>Arul</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Koushik</surname>
<given-names>Kirthi</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alva</surname>
<given-names>Ram Charith</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>M. S. Ramaiah Medical College Bangalore, Karnataka, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>476</fpage>
<lpage>476</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s134"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>Radiotherapy (RT) for ca cervix patients is incomplete without brachytherapy. High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy has shown an advantage over low dose rate (LDR) brachytherapy in terms of better nursing care and radiation safety. Unlike in LDR, various dose regimens are followed in HDR brachytherapy. Some institutes follow brachytherapy sequentially after external RT and some along with external RT during weekends. There are no comparative studies on sequential and weekend brachytherapy and hence in our study, we have focused on the radio biology of these two regimens.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s135"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>We have conducted a dosimetric comparative study on 40 plans of 20 ca cervix patients post external RT of 45 Gy in 25 fractions with weekly cisplatin who underwent intra cavitary brachytherapy (ICBT). CT scan simulation was done after insertion of ICBT applicators. Target and organs at risk were contoured according to GEC-ESTRO guidelines. Two different treatment plans were generated for each patient with dose prescriptions to high risk CTV (HRCTV) by using HDR plus treatment planning system. Plan A: 5.5 Gy once a week x 5 fractions, and Plan B: 5.5 Gy once every 6 hours x 5 fractions. Biologic effective dose (BED) and 2 Gy equivalent dose (EQD2) for 2 cc bladder, 2 cc rectum, and HRCTV were calculated for both plans and compared by using Student <italic>t</italic>
-test.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s136"><title>Results</title>
<p>Plan B showed higher BED and EQD2 for HRCTV, 2 cc of bladder and rectum (<italic>p</italic>
 = 0.0001).</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s137"><title>Conclusion</title>
<p>Sequential HDR ICBT for ca cervix patients of 5.5 Gy x 5 fractions with 6 hours interval between the fractions given after completion of external RT, delivers higher BED and EQD<sub>2</sub>
 to HRCTV compared to 5.5 Gy once a week for 5 weeks during external beam RT with acceptable doses to bladder and rectum.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
<sub-article id="sc21" article-type="abstract"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">J Contemp Brachytherapy</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">JCB</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Journal of Contemporary Brachytherapy</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1689-832X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2081-2841</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Termedia Publishing House</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Abstracts: C. Posters</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>[21] Clinical outcomes of accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) using multicatheter interstitial brachytherapy (MIB) grouped as per GEC-ESTRO consensus: single institution 2-year follow-up data</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Pushpa</surname>
<given-names>Naga C.H.</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wadasadawala</surname>
<given-names>Tabassum</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sarin</surname>
<given-names>Rajiv</given-names>
</name>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff>Department of Radiation Oncology, Advanced Centre for Treatment Research & Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Tata Memorial Centre, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>10</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>8</volume>
<issue>5</issue>
<fpage>476</fpage>
<lpage>476</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright: © 2016 Termedia Sp. z o. o.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2016</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) License, allowing third parties to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format and to remix, transform, and build upon the material, provided the original work is properly cited and states its license.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><sec id="s138"><title>Purpose</title>
<p>In patients with early breast cancer, an adjuvant radiotherapy is part of a standard of care for BCT. APBI is a hypofractionation irradiation approach that treats only the lumpectomy bed plus a 1-2 cm margin, rather than conventional whole breast irradiation (WBI). Despite the lack of level I evidence, preliminary results from several large national trials suggest that APBI is safe and effective option. Thus, several consensus groups including GEC-ESTRO, ASTRO, and ABS endorse the use of guidelines in selecting patients for APBI. The purpose of this study is to analysis clinical outcomes of patients treated in our Institution with MIB-APBI regimen in comparison to GEC-ESTRO consensus for patient selection.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s139"><title>Material and methods</title>
<p>Between 2012 and 2014, patients who underwent MIB-APBI with a minimum of 24 months of follow-up were retrospectively analyzed. Statistical analyses of overall survival (OS) and local control (LC) rates were determined.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s140"><title>Results</title>
<p>A total of 37 patients had undergone MIB-APBI with median age of 57 years. Freehand multiplanar intra-op implant was done in 20 patients, and post-op implant in 17 patients with median 20 catheters. As per analyses with GEC ESTRO consensus for patients’ selection, our cohort consisted 10 (27%), 25 (67.6%), and 2 (5.4%) patients belonging to low, intermediate, and high risk group, respectively. With median follow-up of 36 months, 33 of 37 patients were alive, out of which two are alive with metastatic disease. Remaining 4 had died (2 had died of metastatic disease). None of the patients had a local or regional recurrence. Good to excellent cosmesis was achieved in 86% of entire cohort. 2 yr. OS and LC is 89.2% and 97.3%, respectively.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="s141"><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>APBI brachytherapy needs to be customized individually and based on tumor-specific characteristics; it can be considered even in intermediate and highly selected cases of high risk group of GEC ESTRO consensus with enough risk for local failure.</p>
</sec>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
</sub-article>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Bhalavat, Rajendra L" sort="Bhalavat, Rajendra L" uniqKey="Bhalavat R" first="Rajendra L." last="Bhalavat">Rajendra L. Bhalavat</name>
<name sortKey="Kuppusamy, Thayalan" sort="Kuppusamy, Thayalan" uniqKey="Kuppusamy T" first="Thayalan" last="Kuppusamy">Thayalan Kuppusamy</name>
<name sortKey="Mahantshetty, Umesh" sort="Mahantshetty, Umesh" uniqKey="Mahantshetty U" first="Umesh" last="Mahantshetty">Umesh Mahantshetty</name>
<name sortKey="Srinivasan, Venkatesan" sort="Srinivasan, Venkatesan" uniqKey="Srinivasan V" first="Venkatesan" last="Srinivasan">Venkatesan Srinivasan</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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6th Annual Conference of Indian Brachytherapy Society 2016 (IBSCON 2016) Proceedings

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