Development and Characterization of A Novel Prox1-EGFP Lymphatic and Schlemm’s Canal Reporter Rat
Identifieur interne : 009283 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 009282; suivant : 009284Development and Characterization of A Novel Prox1-EGFP Lymphatic and Schlemm’s Canal Reporter Rat
Auteurs : Eunson Jung [États-Unis] ; Daniel Gardner [États-Unis] ; Dongwon Choi [États-Unis] ; Eunkyung Park [États-Unis] ; Young Jin Seong [États-Unis] ; Sara Yang [États-Unis] ; Jorge Castorena-Gonzalez ; Antoine Louveau ; Zhao Zhou [États-Unis] ; Gene K. Lee [États-Unis] ; David P. Perrault [États-Unis] ; Sunju Lee [États-Unis] ; Maxwell Johnson [États-Unis] ; George Daghlian [États-Unis] ; Maria Lee [États-Unis] ; Yeo Jin Hong [États-Unis] ; Yukinari Kato [Japon] ; Jonathan Kipnis ; Michael J. Davis ; Alex K. Wong [États-Unis] ; Young-Kwon Hong [États-Unis]Source :
- Scientific Reports [ 2045-2322 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a key role in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and fat absorption. We previously reported a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based lymphatic reporter mouse, where EGFP is expressed under the regulation of the Prox1 promoter. This reporter line has been widely used to conveniently visualize lymphatic vessels and other Prox1-expressing tissues such as Schlemm’s canal. However, mice have a number of experimental limitations due to small body size. By comparison, laboratory rats are larger in size and more closely model the metabolic, physiological, and surgical aspects of humans. Here, we report development of a novel lymphatic reporter rat using the mouse Prox1-EGFP BAC. Despite the species mismatch, the mouse Prox1-EGFP BAC enabled a reliable expression of EGFP in Prox1-expressing cells of the transgenic rats and allowed a convenient visualization of all lymphatic vessels, including those in the central nervous system, and Schlemm’s canal. To demonstrate the utility of this new reporter rat, we studied the contractile properties and valvular functions of mesenteric lymphatics, developed a surgical model for vascularized lymph node transplantation, and confirmed Prox1 expression in venous valves. Together, Prox1-EGFP rat model will contribute to the advancement of lymphatic research as a valuable experimental resource.
Url:
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06031-3
PubMed: 28717161
PubMed Central: 5514086
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<author><name sortKey="Jin Hong, Yeo" sort="Jin Hong, Yeo" uniqKey="Jin Hong Y" first="Yeo" last="Jin Hong">Yeo Jin Hong</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Hong, Young Kwon" sort="Hong, Young Kwon" uniqKey="Hong Y" first="Young-Kwon" last="Hong">Young-Kwon Hong</name>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:5514086</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1038/s41598-017-06031-3</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Development and Characterization of A Novel Prox1-EGFP Lymphatic and Schlemm’s Canal Reporter Rat</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jung, Eunson" sort="Jung, Eunson" uniqKey="Jung E" first="Eunson" last="Jung">Eunson Jung</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gardner, Daniel" sort="Gardner, Daniel" uniqKey="Gardner D" first="Daniel" last="Gardner">Daniel Gardner</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Dongwon" sort="Choi, Dongwon" uniqKey="Choi D" first="Dongwon" last="Choi">Dongwon Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Eunkyung" sort="Park, Eunkyung" uniqKey="Park E" first="Eunkyung" last="Park">Eunkyung Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin Seong, Young" sort="Jin Seong, Young" uniqKey="Jin Seong Y" first="Young" last="Jin Seong">Young Jin Seong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Sara" sort="Yang, Sara" uniqKey="Yang S" first="Sara" last="Yang">Sara Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Castorena Gonzalez, Jorge" sort="Castorena Gonzalez, Jorge" uniqKey="Castorena Gonzalez J" first="Jorge" last="Castorena-Gonzalez">Jorge Castorena-Gonzalez</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 3504</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.134936.a</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology,</institution>
<institution>University of Missouri,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Columbia, Missouri USA</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Missouri USA</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Louveau, Antoine" sort="Louveau, Antoine" uniqKey="Louveau A" first="Antoine" last="Louveau">Antoine Louveau</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9136 933X</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.27755.32</institution-id>
<institution>Center for Brain Immunology and Glia,</institution>
<institution>Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Charlottesville, Virginia USA</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Virginia USA</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Zhao" sort="Zhou, Zhao" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Zhao" last="Zhou">Zhao Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Gene K" sort="Lee, Gene K" uniqKey="Lee G" first="Gene K." last="Lee">Gene K. Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perrault, David P" sort="Perrault, David P" uniqKey="Perrault D" first="David P." last="Perrault">David P. Perrault</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Sunju" sort="Lee, Sunju" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sunju" last="Lee">Sunju Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Maxwell" sort="Johnson, Maxwell" uniqKey="Johnson M" first="Maxwell" last="Johnson">Maxwell Johnson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Daghlian, George" sort="Daghlian, George" uniqKey="Daghlian G" first="George" last="Daghlian">George Daghlian</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lee, Maria" sort="Lee, Maria" uniqKey="Lee M" first="Maria" last="Lee">Maria Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin Hong, Yeo" sort="Jin Hong, Yeo" uniqKey="Jin Hong Y" first="Yeo" last="Jin Hong">Yeo Jin Hong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kato, Yukinari" sort="Kato, Yukinari" uniqKey="Kato Y" first="Yukinari" last="Kato">Yukinari Kato</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="Aff5"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2248 6943</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.69566.3a</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Regional Innovation,</institution>
<institution>Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Sendai, Japan</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Japon</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Sendai</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kipnis, Jonathan" sort="Kipnis, Jonathan" uniqKey="Kipnis J" first="Jonathan" last="Kipnis">Jonathan Kipnis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff4"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9136 933X</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.27755.32</institution-id>
<institution>Center for Brain Immunology and Glia,</institution>
<institution>Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Charlottesville, Virginia USA</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Virginia USA</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Davis, Michael J" sort="Davis, Michael J" uniqKey="Davis M" first="Michael J." last="Davis">Michael J. Davis</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff3"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 3504</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.134936.a</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology,</institution>
<institution>University of Missouri,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Columbia, Missouri USA</nlm:aff>
<wicri:noCountry code="subfield">Missouri USA</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wong, Alex K" sort="Wong, Alex K" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Alex K." last="Wong">Alex K. Wong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hong, Young Kwon" sort="Hong, Young Kwon" uniqKey="Hong Y" first="Young-Kwon" last="Hong">Young-Kwon Hong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="Aff2"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Los Angeles</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Scientific Reports</title>
<idno type="eISSN">2045-2322</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p id="Par1">The lymphatic system plays a key role in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and fat absorption. We previously reported a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based lymphatic reporter mouse, where EGFP is expressed under the regulation of the Prox1 promoter. This reporter line has been widely used to conveniently visualize lymphatic vessels and other Prox1-expressing tissues such as Schlemm’s canal. However, mice have a number of experimental limitations due to small body size. By comparison, laboratory rats are larger in size and more closely model the metabolic, physiological, and surgical aspects of humans. Here, we report development of a novel lymphatic reporter rat using the mouse Prox1-EGFP BAC. Despite the species mismatch, the mouse Prox1-EGFP BAC enabled a reliable expression of EGFP in Prox1-expressing cells of the transgenic rats and allowed a convenient visualization of all lymphatic vessels, including those in the central nervous system, and Schlemm’s canal. To demonstrate the utility of this new reporter rat, we studied the contractile properties and valvular functions of mesenteric lymphatics, developed a surgical model for vascularized lymph node transplantation, and confirmed Prox1 expression in venous valves. Together, Prox1-EGFP rat model will contribute to the advancement of lymphatic research as a valuable experimental resource.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oliver, G" uniqKey="Oliver G">G Oliver</name>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Sci Rep</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Sci Rep</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Scientific Reports</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">2045-2322</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher-name>
<publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28717161</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5514086</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">6031</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/s41598-017-06031-3</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Development and Characterization of A Novel Prox1-EGFP Lymphatic and Schlemm’s Canal Reporter Rat</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Jung</surname>
<given-names>Eunson</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Gardner</surname>
<given-names>Daniel</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" equal-contrib="yes"><name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>Dongwon</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Park</surname>
<given-names>Eunkyung</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jin Seong</surname>
<given-names>Young</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Sara</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Castorena-Gonzalez</surname>
<given-names>Jorge</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Louveau</surname>
<given-names>Antoine</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Zhao</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Gene K.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perrault</surname>
<given-names>David P.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Sunju</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Johnson</surname>
<given-names>Maxwell</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Daghlian</surname>
<given-names>George</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Lee</surname>
<given-names>Maria</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jin Hong</surname>
<given-names>Yeo</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kato</surname>
<given-names>Yukinari</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff5">5</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kipnis</surname>
<given-names>Jonathan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff4">4</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Davis</surname>
<given-names>Michael J.</given-names>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff3">3</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Wong</surname>
<given-names>Alex K.</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>Alex.Wong@med.usc.edu</email>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
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<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name><surname>Hong</surname>
<given-names>Young-Kwon</given-names>
</name>
<address><email>young.hong@usc.edu</email>
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<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1">1</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff2">2</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="Aff1"><label>1</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery,</institution>
<institution>Department of Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff2"><label>2</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2156 6853</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.42505.36</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine,</institution>
<institution>Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Los Angeles, California USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff3"><label>3</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2162 3504</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.134936.a</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology,</institution>
<institution>University of Missouri,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Columbia, Missouri USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff4"><label>4</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0000 9136 933X</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.27755.32</institution-id>
<institution>Center for Brain Immunology and Glia,</institution>
<institution>Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia School of Medicine,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Charlottesville, Virginia USA</aff>
<aff id="Aff5"><label>5</label>
<institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0001 2248 6943</institution-id>
<institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.69566.3a</institution-id>
<institution>Department of Regional Innovation,</institution>
<institution>Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine,</institution>
</institution-wrap>
Sendai, Japan</aff>
</contrib-group>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>17</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>7</volume>
<elocation-id>5577</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>17</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>6</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2017</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2017</copyright-statement>
<license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>
This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>
.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="Abs1"><p id="Par1">The lymphatic system plays a key role in tissue fluid homeostasis, immune cell trafficking, and fat absorption. We previously reported a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-based lymphatic reporter mouse, where EGFP is expressed under the regulation of the Prox1 promoter. This reporter line has been widely used to conveniently visualize lymphatic vessels and other Prox1-expressing tissues such as Schlemm’s canal. However, mice have a number of experimental limitations due to small body size. By comparison, laboratory rats are larger in size and more closely model the metabolic, physiological, and surgical aspects of humans. Here, we report development of a novel lymphatic reporter rat using the mouse Prox1-EGFP BAC. Despite the species mismatch, the mouse Prox1-EGFP BAC enabled a reliable expression of EGFP in Prox1-expressing cells of the transgenic rats and allowed a convenient visualization of all lymphatic vessels, including those in the central nervous system, and Schlemm’s canal. To demonstrate the utility of this new reporter rat, we studied the contractile properties and valvular functions of mesenteric lymphatics, developed a surgical model for vascularized lymph node transplantation, and confirmed Prox1 expression in venous valves. Together, Prox1-EGFP rat model will contribute to the advancement of lymphatic research as a valuable experimental resource.</p>
</abstract>
<custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name>
<meta-value>© The Author(s) 2017</meta-value>
</custom-meta>
</custom-meta-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Japon</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Californie</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Castorena Gonzalez, Jorge" sort="Castorena Gonzalez, Jorge" uniqKey="Castorena Gonzalez J" first="Jorge" last="Castorena-Gonzalez">Jorge Castorena-Gonzalez</name>
<name sortKey="Davis, Michael J" sort="Davis, Michael J" uniqKey="Davis M" first="Michael J." last="Davis">Michael J. Davis</name>
<name sortKey="Kipnis, Jonathan" sort="Kipnis, Jonathan" uniqKey="Kipnis J" first="Jonathan" last="Kipnis">Jonathan Kipnis</name>
<name sortKey="Louveau, Antoine" sort="Louveau, Antoine" uniqKey="Louveau A" first="Antoine" last="Louveau">Antoine Louveau</name>
</noCountry>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Jung, Eunson" sort="Jung, Eunson" uniqKey="Jung E" first="Eunson" last="Jung">Eunson Jung</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Choi, Dongwon" sort="Choi, Dongwon" uniqKey="Choi D" first="Dongwon" last="Choi">Dongwon Choi</name>
<name sortKey="Choi, Dongwon" sort="Choi, Dongwon" uniqKey="Choi D" first="Dongwon" last="Choi">Dongwon Choi</name>
<name sortKey="Daghlian, George" sort="Daghlian, George" uniqKey="Daghlian G" first="George" last="Daghlian">George Daghlian</name>
<name sortKey="Daghlian, George" sort="Daghlian, George" uniqKey="Daghlian G" first="George" last="Daghlian">George Daghlian</name>
<name sortKey="Gardner, Daniel" sort="Gardner, Daniel" uniqKey="Gardner D" first="Daniel" last="Gardner">Daniel Gardner</name>
<name sortKey="Hong, Young Kwon" sort="Hong, Young Kwon" uniqKey="Hong Y" first="Young-Kwon" last="Hong">Young-Kwon Hong</name>
<name sortKey="Hong, Young Kwon" sort="Hong, Young Kwon" uniqKey="Hong Y" first="Young-Kwon" last="Hong">Young-Kwon Hong</name>
<name sortKey="Jin Hong, Yeo" sort="Jin Hong, Yeo" uniqKey="Jin Hong Y" first="Yeo" last="Jin Hong">Yeo Jin Hong</name>
<name sortKey="Jin Hong, Yeo" sort="Jin Hong, Yeo" uniqKey="Jin Hong Y" first="Yeo" last="Jin Hong">Yeo Jin Hong</name>
<name sortKey="Jin Seong, Young" sort="Jin Seong, Young" uniqKey="Jin Seong Y" first="Young" last="Jin Seong">Young Jin Seong</name>
<name sortKey="Jin Seong, Young" sort="Jin Seong, Young" uniqKey="Jin Seong Y" first="Young" last="Jin Seong">Young Jin Seong</name>
<name sortKey="Johnson, Maxwell" sort="Johnson, Maxwell" uniqKey="Johnson M" first="Maxwell" last="Johnson">Maxwell Johnson</name>
<name sortKey="Jung, Eunson" sort="Jung, Eunson" uniqKey="Jung E" first="Eunson" last="Jung">Eunson Jung</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Gene K" sort="Lee, Gene K" uniqKey="Lee G" first="Gene K." last="Lee">Gene K. Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Maria" sort="Lee, Maria" uniqKey="Lee M" first="Maria" last="Lee">Maria Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Maria" sort="Lee, Maria" uniqKey="Lee M" first="Maria" last="Lee">Maria Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Sunju" sort="Lee, Sunju" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sunju" last="Lee">Sunju Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Sunju" sort="Lee, Sunju" uniqKey="Lee S" first="Sunju" last="Lee">Sunju Lee</name>
<name sortKey="Park, Eunkyung" sort="Park, Eunkyung" uniqKey="Park E" first="Eunkyung" last="Park">Eunkyung Park</name>
<name sortKey="Park, Eunkyung" sort="Park, Eunkyung" uniqKey="Park E" first="Eunkyung" last="Park">Eunkyung Park</name>
<name sortKey="Perrault, David P" sort="Perrault, David P" uniqKey="Perrault D" first="David P." last="Perrault">David P. Perrault</name>
<name sortKey="Wong, Alex K" sort="Wong, Alex K" uniqKey="Wong A" first="Alex K." last="Wong">Alex K. Wong</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Sara" sort="Yang, Sara" uniqKey="Yang S" first="Sara" last="Yang">Sara Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Sara" sort="Yang, Sara" uniqKey="Yang S" first="Sara" last="Yang">Sara Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Zhou, Zhao" sort="Zhou, Zhao" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Zhao" last="Zhou">Zhao Zhou</name>
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<country name="Japon"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kato, Yukinari" sort="Kato, Yukinari" uniqKey="Kato Y" first="Yukinari" last="Kato">Yukinari Kato</name>
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