Surgical Treatment and Prognosis of Angiosarcoma of the Scalp: A Retrospective Analysis of 14 Patients in a Single Institution
Identifieur interne : 007C76 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 007C75; suivant : 007C77Surgical Treatment and Prognosis of Angiosarcoma of the Scalp: A Retrospective Analysis of 14 Patients in a Single Institution
Auteurs : Jun Ho Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Kyung Chan Ahn [Corée du Sud] ; Hak Chang [Corée du Sud] ; Kyung Won Minn [Corée du Sud] ; Ung Sik Jin [Corée du Sud] ; Byung Jun Kim [Corée du Sud]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2015.
Abstract
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2015/321896
PubMed: 26713314
PubMed Central: 4680057
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<author><name sortKey="Kim, Byung Jun" sort="Kim, Byung Jun" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Byung Jun" last="Kim">Byung Jun Kim</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Surgical Treatment and Prognosis of Angiosarcoma of the Scalp: A Retrospective Analysis of 14 Patients in a Single Institution</title>
<author><name sortKey="Choi, Jun Ho" sort="Choi, Jun Ho" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jun Ho" last="Choi">Jun Ho Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
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<author><name sortKey="Ahn, Kyung Chan" sort="Ahn, Kyung Chan" uniqKey="Ahn K" first="Kyung Chan" last="Ahn">Kyung Chan Ahn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Chang, Hak" sort="Chang, Hak" uniqKey="Chang H" first="Hak" last="Chang">Hak Chang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Minn, Kyung Won" sort="Minn, Kyung Won" uniqKey="Minn K" first="Kyung Won" last="Minn">Kyung Won Minn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jin, Ung Sik" sort="Jin, Ung Sik" uniqKey="Jin U" first="Ung Sik" last="Jin">Ung Sik Jin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Byung Jun" sort="Kim, Byung Jun" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Byung Jun" last="Kim">Byung Jun Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
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<series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno>
<imprint><date when="2015">2015</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p><italic>Objective</italic>
. We describe specific surgical methods for angiosarcoma regarding extent of resection and reconstructive options and assess their effect on patients' prognosis.<italic> Patients and Methods</italic>
. We retrospectively examined 14 patients undergoing treatment for angiosarcoma of the scalp at our institute between January 2000 and June 2015. Surgical treatment comprised wide excision of the tumor and reconstruction using a free flap with skin graft. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the survival parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between risk factors and outcome parameters.<italic> Results</italic>
. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 69 years, and the mean follow-up period was 17 months. The overall 5- and 2-year survival rates were 15% and 75%, respectively, whereas the 5- and 2-year disease-free survival rates were 7.7% and 38.7%, respectively. The mean survival duration was 32 months. Metastatic tumor dissemination to the lung or brain was closely associated with the major cause of death. Only a deep excision margin was significantly related to the recurrence rate.<italic> Conclusions</italic>
. Cases of angiosarcoma had a poor prognosis despite the aggressive treatments. Sufficient resection margins are essential for controlling local recurrence. The effect of multidisciplinary approaches needs to be explored.</p>
</div>
</front>
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<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">26713314</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4680057</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2015/321896</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Surgical Treatment and Prognosis of Angiosarcoma of the Scalp: A Retrospective Analysis of 14 Patients in a Single Institution</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Choi</surname>
<given-names>Jun Ho</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ahn</surname>
<given-names>Kyung Chan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chang</surname>
<given-names>Hak</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Minn</surname>
<given-names>Kyung Won</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jin</surname>
<given-names>Ung Sik</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kim</surname>
<given-names>Byung Jun</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"></xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="I1">Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Republic of Korea</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Byung Jun Kim: <email>bjkim79@gmail.com</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Elisabeth Roider</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>2</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2015</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>2015</volume>
<elocation-id>321896</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>11</day>
<month>9</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>9</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>15</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2015</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2015 Jun Ho Choi et al.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2015</copyright-year>
<license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p><italic>Objective</italic>
. We describe specific surgical methods for angiosarcoma regarding extent of resection and reconstructive options and assess their effect on patients' prognosis.<italic> Patients and Methods</italic>
. We retrospectively examined 14 patients undergoing treatment for angiosarcoma of the scalp at our institute between January 2000 and June 2015. Surgical treatment comprised wide excision of the tumor and reconstruction using a free flap with skin graft. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to assess the survival parameters. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate the association between risk factors and outcome parameters.<italic> Results</italic>
. Mean patient age at diagnosis was 69 years, and the mean follow-up period was 17 months. The overall 5- and 2-year survival rates were 15% and 75%, respectively, whereas the 5- and 2-year disease-free survival rates were 7.7% and 38.7%, respectively. The mean survival duration was 32 months. Metastatic tumor dissemination to the lung or brain was closely associated with the major cause of death. Only a deep excision margin was significantly related to the recurrence rate.<italic> Conclusions</italic>
. Cases of angiosarcoma had a poor prognosis despite the aggressive treatments. Sufficient resection margins are essential for controlling local recurrence. The effect of multidisciplinary approaches needs to be explored.</p>
</abstract>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label>
<caption><p>Intraoperative photographs during wide excision of angiosarcoma of the scalp. A wide soft-tissue defect had been made after wide excision of the tumor (a). Reconstruction using a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap with split-thickness skin graft had been performed (b).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-321896.001"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label>
<caption><p>A Kaplan-Meier survival plot for overall survival rate. The overall 5- and 2-year survival rates were 15% and 75%, respectively.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-321896.002"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label>
<caption><p>A Kaplan-Meier survival plot for disease-free survival rate. The 5- and 2-year disease-free survival rates were 7.7% and 38.7%, respectively.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-321896.003"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label>
<caption><p>Comparison of the recurrence rates based on the status of deep resection margins. Kaplan-Meier plots stratified by the status of deep resection margins are shown. Only a deep excision margin was significantly related to the recurrence rate. The hazard ratio for local recurrence was increased to 24.15 (95% CI: 2.12–275.24) when the periosteum was preserved, as compared to when the periosteum and bone were resected (<italic>P</italic>
value <0.05). CI: confidence interval.</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-321896.004"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label>
<caption><p>Various preoperative clinical features of angiosarcoma of the scalp: ulcerative type (a), bruise-like type (b), and nodular type (c).</p>
</caption>
<graphic xlink:href="BMRI2015-321896.005"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>Overall information of 14 patients with angiosarcoma of the scalp.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patient number</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Gender</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age at Dx</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Tumor size at Dx (cm)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Resection margin (cm)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Deep margin</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reconstruction methods</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Biopsy results</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Adjuvant therapy</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Profile of radiotherapy</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Local recurrence (months)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Metastasis (months)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Meta area</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Death (months)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 × 2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lung</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">85</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.5 × 5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT, C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 Gy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LRR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 × 3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brain</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9 × 5.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FL</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LRR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FL</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">76</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 × 5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lung</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 × 4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT, C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 Gy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bone</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4 × 4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Brain</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">37</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.5 × 7<break></break>
8.5 × 8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MP</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FL</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FL</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 × 2.5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT, C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30 Gy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lung</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 × 3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">G</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">LF</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lung</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3 × 3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT, C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 Gy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lung</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 × 8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">P</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT, C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 Gy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">81</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.5 × 6.0</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42 Gy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">68</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6 × 6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">B</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">FF, SG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MN</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 Gy</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Null</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NE</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Dx: diagnosis; cm: centimeters; Meta area: area of metastasis; M: male; F: female; NR: not recorded; G: galea; P: periosteum; B: bone; FF: free flap; LF: local flap; SG: skin graft; MP: margin positive; MN: margin negative; RT: radiotherapy; C: chemotherapy; Gy: grays; NE: no event; FL: follow-up loss; LRR: locoregional recurrence.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>A review of literatures.</p>
</caption>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Authors</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Year</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>N</italic>
</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">M (F)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Age at Dx</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Race</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Location of tumor</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Treatment</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Surgical method</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean f/u period<break></break>
(months)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5-year<break></break>
OSR (%)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5-year<break></break>
DFSR (%)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2-year<break></break>
OSR (%)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2-year<break></break>
DFSR (%)</th>
<th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">MS<break></break>
(months)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hodgkinson et al. [<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1979</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7 (6)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 (51–80)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head and neck</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S (5), S + RT (5), RT (3)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 <break></break>
(1–96)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Holden et al. [<xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1987</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44 (28)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74 (56–92)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp and face</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S + RT (3), RT (69)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR <break></break>
(12–144)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mark et al. [<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1996</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21 (7)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61 (6–83)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head and neck</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S (12), S + CT (3), S + RT ± CT (6), RT ± CT (7)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32 <break></break>
(3–159)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lydiatt et al. [<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1994</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C (17)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head and neck</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S (6), S + RT (2), S + CT (1), CT (9)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Morrison et al. [<xref rid="B27" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1995</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8 (6)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 (49–83)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp and face</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S + RT (6), RT (3), S ± RT ± CT (11)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">STSG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pawlik et al. [<xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2003</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18 (11)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71 (33–90)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C (28),<break></break>
A (1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S + RT (28), RT (1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WE, LF (2), and STSG (26)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.3 <break></break>
(3.2–106)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.4</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ohguri et al. [<xref rid="B22" ref-type="bibr">20</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2005</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (9)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71 (49–91)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A (J)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RT + IT</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.5 <break></break>
(5–120)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Buschmann et al. [<xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2008</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14 (5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 (59–86)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S ± RT ± CT</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Oc + STSG</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Köhler et al. [<xref rid="B28" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2008</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11 (12)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63 (12–75)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C (19), AA (3), and<break></break>
A (1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head and neck</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S + RT (19), S + CT (2), S + RT + CT (2) </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WE (2 cm)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.7 <break></break>
(5–108)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Lim et al. [<xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2010</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71 (64–82)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A (K)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S ± RT (8)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WE (5 cm) + Oc + LD + STSG + Pr + Nd</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Ogawa et al. [<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">23</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2012</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29 (19)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">77 (58–94)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A (J)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp and face</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S + RT ± CT ± IT (17), S + CT + IT (2), RT ± CT ± IT (20), RT (5), and IT (4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WE (3–5 cm)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.7 <break></break>
(2.5–105.9)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.1</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.4</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dettenborn et al. [<xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2014</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50 (30)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71<break></break>
(SD 14.4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head and neck</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S (32), S + RT (38), S + CT (4), and S + RT + CT (6) </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.3 <break></break>
(SD 74.4)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">71</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.0<break></break>
(CI 48.4–75.6)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mullins and Hackman [<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2015</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5 (1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66 (52–83)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C (4), AA (2)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Head and neck</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S (1), S + RT (2), S + RT + CT (1), and C (2) </td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.7<break></break>
(5–76)</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Patel et al. [<xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref>
]</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2015</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39 (16)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp and face</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S ± RT ± CT (39)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.2 <break></break>
(4.7–227.1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">NR</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.2</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center" colspan="16" rowspan="1"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Our study</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2015</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13 (1)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">69 (52–81)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">A (K)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Scalp</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">S (3), S + RT (3), S + CT (3), and S + RT + CT (5)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">WE (1–5 cm)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17 <break></break>
(8–87)</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">75</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.7</td>
<td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31<break></break>
(CI 27.0–37.0)</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Year: year of publication; <italic>N</italic>
: number of patients; M: number of male patients; F: number of female patients; Dx: diagnosis; f/u: follow-up; OSR: overall survival rate; DFSR: disease-free survival rate; MS: medial survival; SD: standard deviation; NR: not recorded; C: Caucasian; AA: African American; A: Asian; K: Korean; J: Japanese; S: surgery; RT: radiation; CT: chemotherapy; IT: immunotherapy; +: and; ±: and/or; STSG: split-thickness skin graft; WE: wide excision; LF: local flap; LD: reconstruction using a free latissimus dorsi muscle flap; Oc: outer corticotomy of the calvarium; Pr: ipsilateral parotidectomy; Nd: ipsilateral neck dissection; cm: resection margin in centimeters; CI: 95% confidence interval.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Corée du Sud</li>
</country>
<region><li>Région capitale de Séoul</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Séoul</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree><country name="Corée du Sud"><region name="Région capitale de Séoul"><name sortKey="Choi, Jun Ho" sort="Choi, Jun Ho" uniqKey="Choi J" first="Jun Ho" last="Choi">Jun Ho Choi</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Ahn, Kyung Chan" sort="Ahn, Kyung Chan" uniqKey="Ahn K" first="Kyung Chan" last="Ahn">Kyung Chan Ahn</name>
<name sortKey="Chang, Hak" sort="Chang, Hak" uniqKey="Chang H" first="Hak" last="Chang">Hak Chang</name>
<name sortKey="Jin, Ung Sik" sort="Jin, Ung Sik" uniqKey="Jin U" first="Ung Sik" last="Jin">Ung Sik Jin</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Byung Jun" sort="Kim, Byung Jun" uniqKey="Kim B" first="Byung Jun" last="Kim">Byung Jun Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Minn, Kyung Won" sort="Minn, Kyung Won" uniqKey="Minn K" first="Kyung Won" last="Minn">Kyung Won Minn</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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