Sex differentials in susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis and implications for maternal child immunity.
Identifieur interne : 004841 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 004840; suivant : 004842Sex differentials in susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis and implications for maternal child immunity.
Auteurs : L. BrabinSource :
- Epidemiology and Infection [ 0950-2688 ] ; 1990.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- immunologie : Filariose lymphatique.
- épidémiologie : Filariose lymphatique.
- Animaux, Brugia, Caractères sexuels, Facteurs de l'âge, Femelle, Humains, Mâle, Prévalence, Susceptibilité à une maladie, Wuchereria bancrofti.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- epidemiology : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- immunology : Elephantiasis, Filarial.
- Age Factors, Animals, Brugia, Disease Susceptibility, Female, Humans, Male, Prevalence, Sex Characteristics, Wuchereria bancrofti.
Abstract
This paper reviews epidemiological data to see if there are sex differentials in prevalence, density and clinical pathology due to lymphatic filariasis. Of 53 studies from Africa, South East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and The Americas, 43 showed a lower mean prevalence of infection in females than in males. Prevalence is consistently lower in women of reproductive age and this is statistically significant in 16 of 32 studies classified by age and sex. Density of infection is also lower in the reproductive age but may be higher in children and in older women. Clinical disease is also lower in women and pathology has a later age of onset and rise to peak prevalence than in males. The paper assesses the evidence that lower rates of infection and clinical pathology are due to less exposure of females to infective vectors. It seems unlikely that exposure alone could account for these differences which are observed for both bancroftian and brugian filariasis, irrespective of periodicity. Several investigators have suggested that females have increased resistance to infection and this is supported by serological studies showing high antibody positivity to adult worm antigens in females. The review concludes that the association with the reproductive years suggests a pregnancy-associated mechanism. This has important implications for maternal-fetal interactions and maternal filarial infection may influence the development of immunity in children.
Url:
PubMed: 2209738
PubMed Central: 2271898
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Of 53 studies from Africa, South East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and The Americas, 43 showed a lower mean prevalence of infection in females than in males. Prevalence is consistently lower in women of reproductive age and this is statistically significant in 16 of 32 studies classified by age and sex. Density of infection is also lower in the reproductive age but may be higher in children and in older women. Clinical disease is also lower in women and pathology has a later age of onset and rise to peak prevalence than in males. The paper assesses the evidence that lower rates of infection and clinical pathology are due to less exposure of females to infective vectors. It seems unlikely that exposure alone could account for these differences which are observed for both bancroftian and brugian filariasis, irrespective of periodicity. Several investigators have suggested that females have increased resistance to infection and this is supported by serological studies showing high antibody positivity to adult worm antigens in females. The review concludes that the association with the reproductive years suggests a pregnancy-associated mechanism. This has important implications for maternal-fetal interactions and maternal filarial infection may influence the development of immunity in children.</p></div></front></TEI><double pmid="2209738"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sex differentials in susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis and implications for maternal child immunity.</title><author><name sortKey="Brabin, L" sort="Brabin, L" uniqKey="Brabin L" first="L." last="Brabin">L. 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Brabin</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Epidemiology and Infection</title><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno><imprint><date when="1990">1990</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>This paper reviews epidemiological data to see if there are sex differentials in prevalence, density and clinical pathology due to lymphatic filariasis. Of 53 studies from Africa, South East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and The Americas, 43 showed a lower mean prevalence of infection in females than in males. Prevalence is consistently lower in women of reproductive age and this is statistically significant in 16 of 32 studies classified by age and sex. Density of infection is also lower in the reproductive age but may be higher in children and in older women. Clinical disease is also lower in women and pathology has a later age of onset and rise to peak prevalence than in males. The paper assesses the evidence that lower rates of infection and clinical pathology are due to less exposure of females to infective vectors. It seems unlikely that exposure alone could account for these differences which are observed for both bancroftian and brugian filariasis, irrespective of periodicity. Several investigators have suggested that females have increased resistance to infection and this is supported by serological studies showing high antibody positivity to adult worm antigens in females. The review concludes that the association with the reproductive years suggests a pregnancy-associated mechanism. This has important implications for maternal-fetal interactions and maternal filarial infection may influence the development of immunity in children.</p></div></front></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Sex differentials in susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis and implications for maternal child immunity.</title><author><name sortKey="Brabin, L" sort="Brabin, L" uniqKey="Brabin L" first="L" last="Brabin">L. Brabin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research, World Health Organization, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="1990">1990</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:2209738</idno><idno type="pmid">2209738</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">005C93</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">005C93</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">005C93</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">005C93</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">005C93</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">005C93</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Sex differentials in susceptibility to lymphatic filariasis and implications for maternal child immunity.</title><author><name sortKey="Brabin, L" sort="Brabin, L" uniqKey="Brabin L" first="L" last="Brabin">L. Brabin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country><wicri:regionArea>UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research, World Health Organization, Geneva</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Geneva</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Epidemiology and infection</title><idno type="ISSN">0950-2688</idno><imprint><date when="1990" type="published">1990</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Factors</term><term>Animals</term><term>Brugia</term><term>Disease Susceptibility</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (epidemiology)</term><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (immunology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Sex Characteristics</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Brugia</term><term>Caractères sexuels</term><term>Facteurs de l'âge</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (immunologie)</term><term>Filariose lymphatique (épidémiologie)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Susceptibilité à une maladie</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Filariose lymphatique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Age Factors</term><term>Animals</term><term>Brugia</term><term>Disease Susceptibility</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Prevalence</term><term>Sex Characteristics</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Brugia</term><term>Caractères sexuels</term><term>Facteurs de l'âge</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Prévalence</term><term>Susceptibilité à une maladie</term><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This paper reviews epidemiological data to see if there are sex differentials in prevalence, density and clinical pathology due to lymphatic filariasis. Of 53 studies from Africa, South East Asia, the Indian Subcontinent and The Americas, 43 showed a lower mean prevalence of infection in females than in males. Prevalence is consistently lower in women of reproductive age and this is statistically significant in 16 of 32 studies classified by age and sex. Density of infection is also lower in the reproductive age but may be higher in children and in older women. Clinical disease is also lower in women and pathology has a later age of onset and rise to peak prevalence than in males. The paper assesses the evidence that lower rates of infection and clinical pathology are due to less exposure of females to infective vectors. It seems unlikely that exposure alone could account for these differences which are observed for both bancroftian and brugian filariasis, irrespective of periodicity. Several investigators have suggested that females have increased resistance to infection and this is supported by serological studies showing high antibody positivity to adult worm antigens in females. The review concludes that the association with the reproductive years suggests a pregnancy-associated mechanism. This has important implications for maternal-fetal interactions and maternal filarial infection may influence the development of immunity in children.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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