Historical events and their in-depth analysis have much to teach us about medicine today. Moreover, the lives of those who have made their mark in medical history can be a source of inspiration to future generations of medical scientists. A case in point is the career of E. Kondoleon, originator of the surgical procedure that bears his name. Methods. Retrieval in the archives of the "Areteion" and "Hippocration" hospitals, where E. Kondoleon had worked and passed away, together with information obtained from the Chair of History of Medicine of the University of Athens, as well as information taken from the Hellenic Surgical Society relative to his life and the motives which led him to the Kondoleon surgical procedure namely: Wide excision of the fascia and concomitant partial excision of the hypertrophic tissue in the treatment of lymphoedema. Results. The Kondoleon operative procedure was not a simple applicable idea of a surgical technique but the result of a long-term systematical study of the anatomy and pathophysiology of the lymphovascular system as well as the continuation of their experimental application. Thus in the beginning of our century, Kondoleon took the lead of carrying out his own technique on the human which for more than 50 years was the object of discussion and application in the treatment of lymphoedema. Conclusions. Although "the microworld" of the electronic microscope and the conventional microscope of surgery have illuminated many sections of pathophysiology and has led to newer evolutionary tactics (vascular anastomoses, transplantation of lymph-vessels) in the management of lymphoedema, the Kondoleon operative procedure has given the necessary stimuli for these developments. As with other prominent, celebrated men in the history of investigation, Kondoleon had a dramatic end.

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   |texte=   E. Kondoleon : The man behind the procedure
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