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Comparison of high dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for activity against bancroftian filariasis in Haiti.

Identifieur interne : 00D574 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 00D573; suivant : 00D575

Comparison of high dose ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for activity against bancroftian filariasis in Haiti.

Auteurs : F O Richards [États-Unis] ; M L Eberhard ; R T Bryan ; D F Mcneeley ; P J Lammie ; M B Mcneeley ; Y. Bernard ; A W Hightower ; H C Spencer

Source :

RBID : pubmed:1996738

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English descriptors

Abstract

This three-phase study was designed to compare high dose ivermectin with a standard diethylcarbamazine (DEC) regimen for patient tolerability, potential to kill adult filaria, and duration of microfilarial suppression in 30 Haitian subjects with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. All were first given a 1-mg oral dose of ivermectin (phase 1) to reduce microfilaria densities. Participants were randomized into three groups: Group 1 received DEC (6mg/kg per day for 12 days), Group 2 received 200 mcg/kg of ivermectin, and Group 3 received 400 mcg/kg of ivermectin (200 mcg/kg per day for 2 days). All drug regimens were well tolerated with few adverse reactions. Most reactions occurred during phase I and consisted primarily of headache, fever, and myalgia. At the end of phase 1, 27 of 30 (90%) patients were microfilaria negative. During phase 2, four of the six men receiving DEC developed scrotal reactions suggesting killing adult worms; no such reactions were noted in 10 men receiving ivermectin (p less than 0.05). At one-year follow up (phase 3), all treatment groups had less than 10% return to pretreatment microfilaria levels. The mean percent of baseline microfilaria counts were for Group 1, 0.9% (range 0-5%); Group 2, 8.2% (range 0-31%); and Group 3, 3.8% (range 0-25%). Seven individuals in Group 1 were microfilaria-negative, while only one and three individuals were microfilaria-negative in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. These results suggest that DEC causes more damage to the adult worms and greater reduction in microfilaria densities than ivermectin, but that high doses of ivermectin may suppress microfilaremia in lymphatic filariasis for periods much longer than previously reported.

PubMed: 1996738

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<name sortKey="Bernard, Y" sort="Bernard, Y" uniqKey="Bernard Y" first="Y" last="Bernard">Y. Bernard</name>
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<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Diethylcarbamazine (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Double-Blind Method</term>
<term>Drug Tolerance</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (blood)</term>
<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Follow-Up Studies</term>
<term>Haiti</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Ivermectin (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Microfilariae (drug effects)</term>
<term>Microfilariae (growth & development)</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (drug effects)</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (growth & development)</term>
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<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Diéthylcarbamazine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (sang)</term>
<term>Filariose lymphatique (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Haïti</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Ivermectine (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Microfilaria ()</term>
<term>Microfilaria (croissance et développement)</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Méthode en double aveugle</term>
<term>Tolérance aux médicaments</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti ()</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti (croissance et développement)</term>
<term>Études de suivi</term>
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<term>Diethylcarbamazine</term>
<term>Ivermectin</term>
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<term>Elephantiasis, Filarial</term>
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<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="croissance et développement" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Microfilaria</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
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<term>Microfilariae</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
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<term>Microfilariae</term>
<term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term>
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<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Double-Blind Method</term>
<term>Drug Tolerance</term>
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<term>Follow-Up Studies</term>
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<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">This three-phase study was designed to compare high dose ivermectin with a standard diethylcarbamazine (DEC) regimen for patient tolerability, potential to kill adult filaria, and duration of microfilarial suppression in 30 Haitian subjects with Wuchereria bancrofti microfilaremia. All were first given a 1-mg oral dose of ivermectin (phase 1) to reduce microfilaria densities. Participants were randomized into three groups: Group 1 received DEC (6mg/kg per day for 12 days), Group 2 received 200 mcg/kg of ivermectin, and Group 3 received 400 mcg/kg of ivermectin (200 mcg/kg per day for 2 days). All drug regimens were well tolerated with few adverse reactions. Most reactions occurred during phase I and consisted primarily of headache, fever, and myalgia. At the end of phase 1, 27 of 30 (90%) patients were microfilaria negative. During phase 2, four of the six men receiving DEC developed scrotal reactions suggesting killing adult worms; no such reactions were noted in 10 men receiving ivermectin (p less than 0.05). At one-year follow up (phase 3), all treatment groups had less than 10% return to pretreatment microfilaria levels. The mean percent of baseline microfilaria counts were for Group 1, 0.9% (range 0-5%); Group 2, 8.2% (range 0-31%); and Group 3, 3.8% (range 0-25%). Seven individuals in Group 1 were microfilaria-negative, while only one and three individuals were microfilaria-negative in Groups 2 and 3, respectively. These results suggest that DEC causes more damage to the adult worms and greater reduction in microfilaria densities than ivermectin, but that high doses of ivermectin may suppress microfilaremia in lymphatic filariasis for periods much longer than previously reported.</div>
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