Lymphatic filariasis in Uganda: baseline investigations in Lira, Soroti and Katakwi districts
Identifieur interne : 006F68 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 006F67; suivant : 006F69Lymphatic filariasis in Uganda: baseline investigations in Lira, Soroti and Katakwi districts
Auteurs : Ambrose W. Onapa ; Paul E. Simonsen ; Erling M. Pedersen ; David O. OkelloSource :
- Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [ 0035-9203 ] ; 2001.
Abstract
Baseline epidemiological investigations on lymphatic filariasis were conducted for the first time in Uganda in 3 communities in the districts of Lira (Alebtong area), Soroti (Lwala area) and Katakwi (Obalanga area), located to the north of Lake Kyoga at an altitude of 1000–1100 m above sea level. Individuals from the communities were examined, in April–August 1998, for Wuchereria bancrofti specific circulating antigen (by ICT card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-smear techniques) and chronic clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Endophilic mosquitoes were sampled and dissected for filarial larvae. Prevalences of circulating filarial antigen positivity were 29%, 18% and 30% in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Microfilaria (mf) prevalences were 18%, 9% and 21%, and geometric mean mf intensities among mf-positive individuals were 306, 171 and 402 mf/mL blood, in the same communities. Examination of stained blood smears revealed mf of both W. bancrofti and Mansonella Perstans, but more than 80% of mf-positive individuals harboured the first of these parasites. Prevalences of hydrocoele in adult (⩾20 years) males were 28%, 7% and 17%, and prevalences of limb elephantiasis in adults were 9%, 4% and 4%, in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly An. gambiae s.s.) and An. funestus were common in all 3 communities, and showed W. bancrofti infectivity rates of 1·1–1·7% and 1·3–2·9%, respectively. It is concluded that lymphatic filariasis is highly endemic in these high-altitude areas of Uganda, with An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus being the main vectors.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90145-2
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Lymphatic filariasis in Uganda: baseline investigations in Lira, Soroti and Katakwi districts</title><author><name sortKey="Onapa, Ambrose W" sort="Onapa, Ambrose W" uniqKey="Onapa A" first="Ambrose W." last="Onapa">Ambrose W. Onapa</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Paul E" sort="Simonsen, Paul E" uniqKey="Simonsen P" first="Paul E." last="Simonsen">Paul E. Simonsen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Address for correspondence: Dr P. E. Simonsen, Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; phone +45 77327732, fax +45 77327733.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: pes@bilharziasis.dk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Erling M" sort="Pedersen, Erling M" uniqKey="Pedersen E" first="Erling M." last="Pedersen">Erling M. Pedersen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okello, David O" sort="Okello, David O" uniqKey="Okello D" first="David O." last="Okello">David O. Okello</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University Medical School, P. O. 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Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Simonsen, Paul E" sort="Simonsen, Paul E" uniqKey="Simonsen P" first="Paul E." last="Simonsen">Paul E. Simonsen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Address for correspondence: Dr P. E. Simonsen, Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; phone +45 77327732, fax +45 77327733.</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: pes@bilharziasis.dk</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pedersen, Erling M" sort="Pedersen, Erling M" uniqKey="Pedersen E" first="Erling M." last="Pedersen">Erling M. Pedersen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Okello, David O" sort="Okello, David O" uniqKey="Okello D" first="David O." last="Okello">David O. Okello</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University Medical School, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">TRSTMH</title><idno type="ISSN">0035-9203</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001">2001</date><biblScope unit="volume">95</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="161">161</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="167">167</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0035-9203</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0035-9203</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Baseline epidemiological investigations on lymphatic filariasis were conducted for the first time in Uganda in 3 communities in the districts of Lira (Alebtong area), Soroti (Lwala area) and Katakwi (Obalanga area), located to the north of Lake Kyoga at an altitude of 1000–1100 m above sea level. Individuals from the communities were examined, in April–August 1998, for Wuchereria bancrofti specific circulating antigen (by ICT card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-smear techniques) and chronic clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Endophilic mosquitoes were sampled and dissected for filarial larvae. Prevalences of circulating filarial antigen positivity were 29%, 18% and 30% in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Microfilaria (mf) prevalences were 18%, 9% and 21%, and geometric mean mf intensities among mf-positive individuals were 306, 171 and 402 mf/mL blood, in the same communities. Examination of stained blood smears revealed mf of both W. bancrofti and Mansonella Perstans, but more than 80% of mf-positive individuals harboured the first of these parasites. Prevalences of hydrocoele in adult (⩾20 years) males were 28%, 7% and 17%, and prevalences of limb elephantiasis in adults were 9%, 4% and 4%, in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly An. gambiae s.s.) and An. funestus were common in all 3 communities, and showed W. bancrofti infectivity rates of 1·1–1·7% and 1·3–2·9%, respectively. It is concluded that lymphatic filariasis is highly endemic in these high-altitude areas of Uganda, with An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus being the main vectors.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>filariasis</json:string><json:string>lwala</json:string><json:string>obalanga</json:string><json:string>lymphatic</json:string><json:string>alebtong</json:string><json:string>uganda</json:string><json:string>lymphatic filariasis</json:string><json:string>elephantiasis</json:string><json:string>hydrocoele</json:string><json:string>gambiae</json:string><json:string>tropical medicine</json:string><json:string>simonsen</json:string><json:string>lira</json:string><json:string>mosquito</json:string><json:string>filarial</json:string><json:string>perstans</json:string><json:string>endemic</json:string><json:string>microfilaraemia</json:string><json:string>bancroftian</json:string><json:string>bancrofti</json:string><json:string>bancroftian filariasis</json:string><json:string>anopheline</json:string><json:string>funestus</json:string><json:string>limb elephantiasis</json:string><json:string>scrotal</json:string><json:string>mcmahon</json:string><json:string>blood smears</json:string><json:string>study communities</json:string><json:string>scrotal elephantiasis</json:string><json:string>light trap</json:string><json:string>royal society</json:string><json:string>prevalence</json:string><json:string>culicine mosquitoes</json:string><json:string>youngest individuals</json:string><json:string>present study</json:string><json:string>lira district</json:string><json:string>morphological criteria</json:string><json:string>many parts</json:string><json:string>onapa etal</json:string><json:string>card test</json:string><json:string>first time</json:string><json:string>american journal</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>Ambrose W. Onapa</name><affiliations><json:string>Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Paul E. Simonsen</name><affiliations><json:string>Address for correspondence: Dr P. E. Simonsen, Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; phone +45 77327732, fax +45 77327733.</json:string><json:string>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</json:string><json:string>E-mail: pes@bilharziasis.dk</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Erling M. Pedersen</name><affiliations><json:string>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>David O. Okello</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University Medical School, P. O. 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Individuals from the communities were examined, in April–August 1998, for Wuchereria bancrofti specific circulating antigen (by ICT card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-smear techniques) and chronic clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Endophilic mosquitoes were sampled and dissected for filarial larvae. Prevalences of circulating filarial antigen positivity were 29%, 18% and 30% in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Microfilaria (mf) prevalences were 18%, 9% and 21%, and geometric mean mf intensities among mf-positive individuals were 306, 171 and 402 mf/mL blood, in the same communities. Examination of stained blood smears revealed mf of both W. bancrofti and Mansonella Perstans, but more than 80% of mf-positive individuals harboured the first of these parasites. Prevalences of hydrocoele in adult (⩾20 years) males were 28%, 7% and 17%, and prevalences of limb elephantiasis in adults were 9%, 4% and 4%, in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly An. gambiae s.s.) and An. funestus were common in all 3 communities, and showed W. bancrofti infectivity rates of 1·1–1·7% and 1·3–2·9%, respectively. 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Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Paul E.</forename><surname>Simonsen</surname></persName><email>pes@bilharziasis.dk</email><affiliation>Address for correspondence: Dr P. E. Simonsen, Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; phone +45 77327732, fax +45 77327733.</affiliation><affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Erling M.</forename><surname>Pedersen</surname></persName><affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">David O.</forename><surname>Okello</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University Medical School, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">EE2914883FDCCB002719F0247F634FF06BB7782B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90145-2</idno><idno type="PII">S0035-9203(01)90145-2</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">TRSTMH</title><idno type="pISSN">0035-9203</idno><idno type="PII">S0035-9203(00)X0100-9</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2001"></date><biblScope unit="volume">95</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="161">161</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="167">167</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2001</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Baseline epidemiological investigations on lymphatic filariasis were conducted for the first time in Uganda in 3 communities in the districts of Lira (Alebtong area), Soroti (Lwala area) and Katakwi (Obalanga area), located to the north of Lake Kyoga at an altitude of 1000–1100 m above sea level. Individuals from the communities were examined, in April–August 1998, for Wuchereria bancrofti specific circulating antigen (by ICT card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-smear techniques) and chronic clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Endophilic mosquitoes were sampled and dissected for filarial larvae. Prevalences of circulating filarial antigen positivity were 29%, 18% and 30% in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Microfilaria (mf) prevalences were 18%, 9% and 21%, and geometric mean mf intensities among mf-positive individuals were 306, 171 and 402 mf/mL blood, in the same communities. Examination of stained blood smears revealed mf of both W. bancrofti and Mansonella Perstans, but more than 80% of mf-positive individuals harboured the first of these parasites. Prevalences of hydrocoele in adult (⩾20 years) males were 28%, 7% and 17%, and prevalences of limb elephantiasis in adults were 9%, 4% and 4%, in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly An. gambiae s.s.) and An. funestus were common in all 3 communities, and showed W. bancrofti infectivity rates of 1·1–1·7% and 1·3–2·9%, respectively. It is concluded that lymphatic filariasis is highly endemic in these high-altitude areas of Uganda, with An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus being the main vectors.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Epidemiology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>lymphatic filariasis</term></item><item><term>hydrocoele</term></item><item><term>lymphoedema</term></item><item><term>microfilariae</term></item><item><term>circulating antigens</term></item><item><term>Wuchereria bancrofti</term></item><item><term>Mansonella perstans</term></item><item><term>vector mosquitoes</term></item><item><term>Uganda</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000-09-20">Modified</change><change when="2001">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/EE2914883FDCCB002719F0247F634FF06BB7782B/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>TRSTMH</jid><aid>01901452</aid><ce:pii>S0035-9203(01)90145-2</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90145-2</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="2001"></ce:copyright><ce:doctopics><ce:doctopic><ce:text>Epidemiology</ce:text></ce:doctopic></ce:doctopics></item-info><head><ce:title>Lymphatic filariasis in Uganda: baseline investigations in Lira, Soroti and Katakwi districts</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Ambrose W.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Onapa</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Paul E.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Simonsen</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="COR1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>pes@bilharziasis.dk</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Erling M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Pedersen</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>David O.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Okello</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>3</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University Medical School, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="COR1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:text>Address for correspondence: Dr P. E. Simonsen, Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; phone +45 77327732, fax +45 77327733.</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-received day="31" month="7" year="2000"></ce:date-received><ce:date-revised day="20" month="9" year="2000"></ce:date-revised><ce:date-accepted day="25" month="9" year="2000"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Baseline epidemiological investigations on lymphatic filariasis were conducted for the first time in Uganda in 3 communities in the districts of Lira (Alebtong area), Soroti (Lwala area) and Katakwi (Obalanga area), located to the north of Lake Kyoga at an altitude of 1000–1100 m above sea level. Individuals from the communities were examined, in April–August 1998, for <ce:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</ce:italic> specific circulating antigen (by ICT card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-smear techniques) and chronic clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Endophilic mosquitoes were sampled and dissected for filarial larvae. Prevalences of circulating filarial antigen positivity were 29%, 18% and 30% in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Microfilaria (mf) prevalences were 18%, 9% and 21%, and geometric mean mf intensities among mf-positive individuals were 306, 171 and 402 mf/mL blood, in the same communities. Examination of stained blood smears revealed mf of both <ce:italic>W. bancrofti</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>Mansonella Perstans</ce:italic>, but more than 80% of mf-positive individuals harboured the first of these parasites. Prevalences of hydrocoele in adult (⩾20 years) males were 28%, 7% and 17%, and prevalences of limb elephantiasis in adults were 9%, 4% and 4%, in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. <ce:italic>Anopheles gambiae s.l.</ce:italic> (mainly <ce:italic>An. gambiae s.s.</ce:italic>) and <ce:italic>An. funestus</ce:italic> were common in all 3 communities, and showed <ce:italic>W. bancrofti</ce:italic> infectivity rates of 1·1–1·7% and 1·3–2·9%, respectively. It is concluded that lymphatic filariasis is highly endemic in these high-altitude areas of Uganda, with <ce:italic>An. gambiae s.l.</ce:italic> and <ce:italic>An. funestus</ce:italic> being the main vectors.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>lymphatic filariasis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>hydrocoele</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>lymphoedema</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>microfilariae</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>circulating antigens</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text><ce:italic>Wuchereria bancrofti</ce:italic></ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text><ce:italic>Mansonella perstans</ce:italic></ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>vector mosquitoes</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Uganda</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Lymphatic filariasis in Uganda: baseline investigations in Lira, Soroti and Katakwi districts</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Lymphatic filariasis in Uganda: baseline investigations in Lira, Soroti and Katakwi districts</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ambrose W.</namePart><namePart type="family">Onapa</namePart><affiliation>Vector Control Division, Ministry of Health, P.O. Box 1661, Kampala, Uganda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Paul E.</namePart><namePart type="family">Simonsen</namePart><affiliation>Address for correspondence: Dr P. E. Simonsen, Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark; phone +45 77327732, fax +45 77327733.</affiliation><affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: pes@bilharziasis.dk</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Erling M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pedersen</namePart><affiliation>Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory, Jaegersborg Alle 1 D, 2920 Charlottenlund, Denmark</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David O.</namePart><namePart type="family">Okello</namePart><affiliation>Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Makerere University Medical School, P. O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2001</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">2000-09-20</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2001</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Baseline epidemiological investigations on lymphatic filariasis were conducted for the first time in Uganda in 3 communities in the districts of Lira (Alebtong area), Soroti (Lwala area) and Katakwi (Obalanga area), located to the north of Lake Kyoga at an altitude of 1000–1100 m above sea level. Individuals from the communities were examined, in April–August 1998, for Wuchereria bancrofti specific circulating antigen (by ICT card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-smear techniques) and chronic clinical manifestations of lymphatic filariasis. Endophilic mosquitoes were sampled and dissected for filarial larvae. Prevalences of circulating filarial antigen positivity were 29%, 18% and 30% in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Microfilaria (mf) prevalences were 18%, 9% and 21%, and geometric mean mf intensities among mf-positive individuals were 306, 171 and 402 mf/mL blood, in the same communities. Examination of stained blood smears revealed mf of both W. bancrofti and Mansonella Perstans, but more than 80% of mf-positive individuals harboured the first of these parasites. Prevalences of hydrocoele in adult (⩾20 years) males were 28%, 7% and 17%, and prevalences of limb elephantiasis in adults were 9%, 4% and 4%, in the Alebtong, Lwala and Obalanga communities, respectively. Anopheles gambiae s.l. (mainly An. gambiae s.s.) and An. funestus were common in all 3 communities, and showed W. bancrofti infectivity rates of 1·1–1·7% and 1·3–2·9%, respectively. It is concluded that lymphatic filariasis is highly endemic in these high-altitude areas of Uganda, with An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus being the main vectors.</abstract><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Epidemiology</topic></subject><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>lymphatic filariasis</topic><topic>hydrocoele</topic><topic>lymphoedema</topic><topic>microfilariae</topic><topic>circulating antigens</topic><topic>Wuchereria bancrofti</topic><topic>Mansonella perstans</topic><topic>vector mosquitoes</topic><topic>Uganda</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>TRSTMH</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200103</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0035-9203</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0035-9203(00)X0100-9</identifier><part><date>200103</date><detail type="volume"><number>95</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>121</start><end>232</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>161</start><end>167</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">EE2914883FDCCB002719F0247F634FF06BB7782B</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0035-9203(01)90145-2</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0035-9203(01)90145-2</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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