Immunological tolerance: The key feature in human filariasis?
Identifieur interne : 005E29 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 005E28; suivant : 005E30Immunological tolerance: The key feature in human filariasis?
Auteurs : R. M. Maizels ; R. A. LawrenceSource :
- Parasitology Today [ 0169-4758 ] ; 1991.
Abstract
Filariasis is a widespread tropical disease caused by a group of nematode parasites that can survive for many years in immunocompetent hosts. The paradox of filariasis has always been the inverse association between parasite density, in terms of circulating microfilariae in the blood, and severe pathology. In this review, Rick Maizels and Rachel Lawrence argue that microfilariae and adult parasites induce a form of immunological tolerance which prevents both parasite elimination and progression to disease. The breakdown of this unresponsiveness is seen as the critical step towards pathogenesis. However, not every exposed individual progresses through infection to disease. The authors discuss evidence for protective immunity acting on antigens from the mosquito-borne infectioe larva, and propose that this stage represents a vulnerable target outside the scope of tolerance and pathogenesis. Stage-specific larval antigens, to which asymptomatic hosts are known to respond, may therefore represent the most effective and safe choice for an anti filarial vaccine.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0169-4758(91)90093-4
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Lawrence</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Rick Maizels and Rachel Lawrence are at the Wellcome Research Centre for Parasitic Infections, Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BB, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:C945207BF0DFC739B75263BD7A4607BA9B10B31F</idno><date when="1991" year="1991">1991</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/0169-4758(91)90093-4</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/C945207BF0DFC739B75263BD7A4607BA9B10B31F/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">005E29</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">005E29</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Immunological tolerance: The key feature in human filariasis?</title><author><name sortKey="Maizels, R M" sort="Maizels, R M" uniqKey="Maizels R" first="R. M." last="Maizels">R. M. Maizels</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Rick Maizels and Rachel Lawrence are at the Wellcome Research Centre for Parasitic Infections, Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BB, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lawrence, R A" sort="Lawrence, R A" uniqKey="Lawrence R" first="R. A." last="Lawrence">R. A. Lawrence</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Rick Maizels and Rachel Lawrence are at the Wellcome Research Centre for Parasitic Infections, Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BB, UK</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Parasitology Today</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">PARTOD</title><idno type="ISSN">0169-4758</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1991">1991</date><biblScope unit="volume">7</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">10</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="271">271</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="276">276</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0169-4758</idno></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0169-4758</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Filariasis is a widespread tropical disease caused by a group of nematode parasites that can survive for many years in immunocompetent hosts. The paradox of filariasis has always been the inverse association between parasite density, in terms of circulating microfilariae in the blood, and severe pathology. In this review, Rick Maizels and Rachel Lawrence argue that microfilariae and adult parasites induce a form of immunological tolerance which prevents both parasite elimination and progression to disease. The breakdown of this unresponsiveness is seen as the critical step towards pathogenesis. However, not every exposed individual progresses through infection to disease. The authors discuss evidence for protective immunity acting on antigens from the mosquito-borne infectioe larva, and propose that this stage represents a vulnerable target outside the scope of tolerance and pathogenesis. Stage-specific larval antigens, to which asymptomatic hosts are known to respond, may therefore represent the most effective and safe choice for an anti filarial vaccine.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>filarial</json:string><json:string>immune</json:string><json:string>larva</json:string><json:string>parasite</json:string><json:string>parasitology</json:string><json:string>filariasis</json:string><json:string>microfilariae</json:string><json:string>immunol</json:string><json:string>maizels</json:string><json:string>anergy</json:string><json:string>asymptomatic</json:string><json:string>microfilarial</json:string><json:string>lymphatic</json:string><json:string>parasitol</json:string><json:string>protective immunity</json:string><json:string>infective</json:string><json:string>parasitology today</json:string><json:string>adult worms</json:string><json:string>immune responses</json:string><json:string>microfilarial antigens</json:string><json:string>immune system</json:string><json:string>infective larvae</json:string><json:string>vaccine</json:string><json:string>vaccine development</json:string><json:string>animal models</json:string><json:string>tolerance induction</json:string><json:string>disease manifestations</json:string><json:string>john wiley sons</json:string><json:string>chronic disease</json:string><json:string>filarial infection</json:string><json:string>parasite immunol</json:string><json:string>resident parasites</json:string><json:string>concomitant immunity</json:string><json:string>ciba symposium</json:string><json:string>antigenic conservation</json:string><json:string>immunity</json:string><json:string>clonal deletion</json:string><json:string>filarial antigens</json:string><json:string>filarial parasites</json:string><json:string>endemic area</json:string><json:string>bulgarian academy</json:string><json:string>many individuals</json:string><json:string>antigen presentation</json:string><json:string>susceptible strains</json:string><json:string>filarial infections</json:string><json:string>human populations</json:string><json:string>tolerance breaks</json:string><json:string>immunological tolerance</json:string><json:string>clinical disease</json:string><json:string>adult parasites</json:string><json:string>such individuals</json:string><json:string>strong responses</json:string><json:string>nontolerant host</json:string><json:string>rick maizels</json:string><json:string>immune response</json:string><json:string>high levels</json:string><json:string>filarial tolerance</json:string><json:string>natl acad</json:string><json:string>many years</json:string><json:string>parasitic protozoa</json:string><json:string>electron microscopy</json:string><json:string>tolerance</json:string><json:string>infection</json:string></teeft></keywords><author><json:item><name>R.M. 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The paradox of filariasis has always been the inverse association between parasite density, in terms of circulating microfilariae in the blood, and severe pathology. In this review, Rick Maizels and Rachel Lawrence argue that microfilariae and adult parasites induce a form of immunological tolerance which prevents both parasite elimination and progression to disease. The breakdown of this unresponsiveness is seen as the critical step towards pathogenesis. However, not every exposed individual progresses through infection to disease. The authors discuss evidence for protective immunity acting on antigens from the mosquito-borne infectioe larva, and propose that this stage represents a vulnerable target outside the scope of tolerance and pathogenesis. 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Stage-specific larval antigens, to which asymptomatic hosts are known to respond, may therefore represent the most effective and safe choice for an anti filarial vaccine.</p></abstract></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1991">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/C945207BF0DFC739B75263BD7A4607BA9B10B31F/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>PARTOD</jid><aid>91900934</aid><ce:pii>0169-4758(91)90093-4</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0169-4758(91)90093-4</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1991"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:dochead><ce:textfn>Human filariasis</ce:textfn></ce:dochead><ce:title>Immunological tolerance: The key feature in human filariasis?</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>R.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Maizels</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>R.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Lawrence</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Rick Maizels and Rachel Lawrence are at the Wellcome Research Centre for Parasitic Infections, Department of Biology, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, Prince Consort Road, London SW7 2BB, UK</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Filariasis is a widespread tropical disease caused by a group of nematode parasites that can survive for many years in immunocompetent hosts. 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